胡錦濤在中國共產(chǎn)黨第十八次全國代表大會上的報告（全文）
Full text: Report of Hu Jintao to the 18th CPC National Congress
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調(diào)整字號大小: 
| 二、奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利 | II. Achieving New Victory for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics |
| 回首近代以來中國波瀾壯闊的歷史，展望中華民族充滿希望的未來，我們得出一個堅定的結(jié)論：全面建成小康社會，加快推進社會主義現(xiàn)代化，實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復興，必須堅定不移走中國特色社會主義道路。 | Looking back at China's eventful modern history and looking to the promising future of the Chinese nation, we have drawn this definite conclusion: We must unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics in order to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, accelerate socialist modernization, and achieve the great renewal of the Chinese nation. |
| 道路關(guān)乎黨的命脈，關(guān)乎國家前途、民族命運、人民幸福。在中國這樣一個經(jīng)濟文化十分落后的國家探索民族復興道路，是極為艱巨的任務(wù)。九十多年來，我們黨緊緊依靠人民，把馬克思主義基本原理同中國實際和時代特征結(jié)合起來，獨立自主走自己的路，歷經(jīng)千辛萬苦，付出各種代價，取得革命建設(shè)改革偉大勝利，開創(chuàng)和發(fā)展了中國特色社會主義，從根本上改變了中國人民和中華民族的前途命運。 | The issue of what path we take is of vital importance for the survival of the Party, the future of China, the destiny of the Chinese nation, and the wellbeing of the people. Exploring a path to national renewal in China that was economically and culturally backward is an extremely arduous task. Over the past 90-plus years, relying firmly on the people and adapting the basic tenets of Marxism to China's conditions and the underlying trend of the times, our Party has pursued its own course independently. It has, enduring untold hardships and sufferings and paying various costs, achieved great success in revolution, development and reform, and created and developed socialism with Chinese characteristics, thus fundamentally changing the future and destiny of the Chinese people and nation. |
| 以毛澤東同志為核心的黨的第一代中央領(lǐng)導集體帶領(lǐng)全黨全國各族人民完成了新民主主義革命，進行了社會主義改造，確立了社會主義基本制度，成功實現(xiàn)了中國歷史上最深刻最偉大的社會變革，為當代中國一切發(fā)展進步奠定了根本政治前提和制度基礎(chǔ)。在探索過程中，雖然經(jīng)歷了嚴重曲折，但黨在社會主義建設(shè)中取得的獨創(chuàng)性理論成果和巨大成就，為新的歷史時期開創(chuàng)中國特色社會主義提供了寶貴經(jīng)驗、理論準備、物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。 | The Party's first generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Mao Zedong at the core led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China in completing the new-democratic revolution, carrying out socialist transformation and establishing the basic system of socialism, thereby accomplishing the most profound and the greatest social transformation in China's history. This created the fundamental political prerequisite and systemic foundation for development and progress in contemporary China. In the course of socialist development, the Party developed distinctively creative theories and made tremendous successes despite serious setbacks it went through, thus providing invaluable experience as well as the theoretical and material basis for launching the great initiative of building socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new historical period. |
| 以鄧小平同志為核心的黨的第二代中央領(lǐng)導集體帶領(lǐng)全黨全國各族人民深刻總結(jié)我國社會主義建設(shè)正反兩方面經(jīng)驗，借鑒世界社會主義歷史經(jīng)驗，作出把黨和國家工作中心轉(zhuǎn)移到經(jīng)濟建設(shè)上來、實行改革開放的歷史性決策，深刻揭示社會主義本質(zhì)，確立社會主義初級階段基本路線，明確提出走自己的路、建設(shè)中國特色社會主義，科學回答了建設(shè)中國特色社會主義的一系列基本問題，成功開創(chuàng)了中國特色社會主義。 | The Party's second generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Deng Xiaoping at the core led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China in conducting a thorough review of China's experiences in building socialism, both positive and negative. On this basis and drawing on the experience of world socialism, they made the historic decision to shift the focus of the Party and country's work to economic development and to pursue the policy of reform and opening up. They gained a keen appreciation of the underlying goal of socialism and established the Party's basic line for the primary stage of socialism. They called for taking our own road and building socialism with Chinese characteristics and provided scientific answers to basic questions in this regard. On this basis, the great initiative of building socialism with Chinese characteristics was successfully launched. |
| 以江澤民同志為核心的黨的第三代中央領(lǐng)導集體帶領(lǐng)全黨全國各族人民堅持黨的基本理論、基本路線，在國內(nèi)外形勢十分復雜、世界社會主義出現(xiàn)嚴重曲折的嚴峻考驗面前捍衛(wèi)了中國特色社會主義，依據(jù)新的實踐確立了黨的基本綱領(lǐng)、基本經(jīng)驗，確立了社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制的改革目標和基本框架，確立了社會主義初級階段的基本經(jīng)濟制度和分配制度，開創(chuàng)全面改革開放新局面，推進黨的建設(shè)新的偉大工程，成功把中國特色社會主義推向二十一世紀。 | The Party's third generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Jiang Zemin at the core led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China in adhering to the Party's basic theory and line. Standing the severe tests posed by complex domestic and international developments and major setbacks in world socialism, they upheld socialism with Chinese characteristics. Based on China's new realities, they reaffirmed the Party's basic program and its basic experience, set the goal of reform and developed a basic framework for achieving this goal, namely, developing a socialist market economy. They reaffirmed the basic economic system and the system of income distribution in the primary stage of socialism, ushered in a new phase in carrying out all-around reform and opening up, and pressed ahead with the great new undertaking of Party building, thus advancing socialism with Chinese characteristics into the 21st century. |
| 新世紀新階段，黨中央抓住重要戰(zhàn)略機遇期，在全面建設(shè)小康社會進程中推進實踐創(chuàng)新、理論創(chuàng)新、制度創(chuàng)新，強調(diào)堅持以人為本、全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，提出構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會、加快生態(tài)文明建設(shè)，形成中國特色社會主義事業(yè)總體布局，著力保障和改善民生，促進社會公平正義，推動建設(shè)和諧世界，推進黨的執(zhí)政能力建設(shè)和先進性建設(shè)，成功在新的歷史起點上堅持和發(fā)展了中國特色社會主義。 | In the new stage in the new century, the Party Central Committee has seized this important period of strategic opportunities and promoted innovation in practice, theory and institutional building in the course of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. We have emphasized the need to put people first and to pursue comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development; we have called for building a harmonious socialist society and speeding up ecological progress, and we have adopted overall implementing steps for advancing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We have strived to ensure and improve the people's wellbeing, promoted social fairness and justice, worked to build a harmonious world, and strengthened the Party's governance capacity and advanced nature. We have thus upheld and developed socialism with Chinese characteristics from a new historical starting point. |
| 在改革開放三十多年一以貫之的接力探索中，我們堅定不移高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，既不走封閉僵化的老路、也不走改旗易幟的邪路。中國特色社會主義道路，中國特色社會主義理論體系，中國特色社會主義制度，是黨和人民九十多年奮斗、創(chuàng)造、積累的根本成就，必須倍加珍惜、始終堅持、不斷發(fā)展。 | Throughout the past 30-plus years of continuous exploration for reform and opening up, we have held high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and rejected both the old and rigid closed-door policy and any attempt to abandon socialism and take an erroneous path. The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the socialist system with Chinese characteristics are the fundamental accomplishments made by the Party and people in the course of arduous struggle over the past 90-plus years. We must cherish these accomplishments, uphold them all the time and continue to enrich them. |
| 中國特色社會主義道路，就是在中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導下，立足基本國情，以經(jīng)濟建設(shè)為中心，堅持四項基本原則，堅持改革開放，解放和發(fā)展社會生產(chǎn)力，建設(shè)社會主義市場經(jīng)濟、社會主義民主政治、社會主義先進文化、社會主義和諧社會、社會主義生態(tài)文明，促進人的全面發(fā)展，逐步實現(xiàn)全體人民共同富裕，建設(shè)富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家。中國特色社會主義理論體系，就是包括鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發(fā)展觀在內(nèi)的科學理論體系，是對馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想的堅持和發(fā)展。中國特色社會主義制度，就是人民代表大會制度的根本政治制度，中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度、民族區(qū)域自治制度以及基層群眾自治制度等基本政治制度，中國特色社會主義法律體系，公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟制度，以及建立在這些制度基礎(chǔ)上的經(jīng)濟體制、政治體制、文化體制、社會體制等各項具體制度。中國特色社會主義道路是實現(xiàn)途徑，中國特色社會主義理論體系是行動指南，中國特色社會主義制度是根本保障，三者統(tǒng)一于中國特色社會主義偉大實踐，這是黨領(lǐng)導人民在建設(shè)社會主義長期實踐中形成的最鮮明特色。 | Taking the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics means we must, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and basing ourselves on China's realities, take economic development as the central task and adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles and the policy of reform and opening up. It means we must release and develop the productive forces, develop the socialist market economy, socialist democracy, an advanced socialist culture and a harmonious socialist society, and promote socialist ecological progress. It also means we must promote well-rounded development of the person, achieve prosperity for all over time, and make China a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious. The system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a system of scientific theories that includes Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development, and this system represents the Party's adherence to and development of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. The socialist system with Chinese characteristics includes the following: the fundamental political system – the system of people's congresses; the basic political systems – the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of community-level self-governance; the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics; the basic economic system in which public ownership is the mainstay and economic entities of diverse ownership develop together; and the specific economic, political, cultural, and social institutions based on these systems. The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the way to reach the goal, the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics offers a guide to action, and the socialist system with Chinese characteristics provides the fundamental guarantee. The three function as an integral whole in the great practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, and this is the salient feature of the long-term endeavors of the Communist Party of China leading the people in building socialism. |
| 建設(shè)中國特色社會主義，總依據(jù)是社會主義初級階段，總布局是五位一體，總?cè)蝿?wù)是實現(xiàn)社會主義現(xiàn)代化和中華民族偉大復興。中國特色社會主義，既堅持了科學社會主義基本原則，又根據(jù)時代條件賦予其鮮明的中國特色，以全新的視野深化了對共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政規(guī)律、社會主義建設(shè)規(guī)律、人類社會發(fā)展規(guī)律的認識，從理論和實踐結(jié)合上系統(tǒng)回答了在中國這樣人口多底子薄的東方大國建設(shè)什么樣的社會主義、怎樣建設(shè)社會主義這個根本問題，使我們國家快速發(fā)展起來，使我國人民生活水平快速提高起來。實踐充分證明，中國特色社會主義是當代中國發(fā)展進步的根本方向，只有中國特色社會主義才能發(fā)展中國。 | In building socialism with Chinese characteristics, we base ourselves on the basic reality that China is in the primary stage of socialism. Our overall approach is to promote economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, and our general task is to achieve socialist modernization and the great renewal of the Chinese nation. Socialism with Chinese characteristics both upholds the basic principles of scientific socialism and has distinctive Chinese features that reflect contemporary conditions. It offers from new perspectives a deeper understanding of the laws of governance by the Communist Party, laws of building socialism, and laws of the development of human society. By integrating theory with practice, it has systematically addressed the fundamental questions of what kind of socialism we should build and how we should build it in China, a big country in the East with a huge population and a weak economy to start with. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has brought about fast development and rising living standards in China. This fully shows that socialism with Chinese characteristics is what we must pursue if we are to achieve development and make progress in contemporary China and that only socialism with Chinese characteristics can enable China to develop itself. |
| 發(fā)展中國特色社會主義是一項長期的艱巨的歷史任務(wù)，必須準備進行具有許多新的歷史特點的偉大斗爭。我們一定要毫不動搖堅持、與時俱進發(fā)展中國特色社會主義，不斷豐富中國特色社會主義的實踐特色、理論特色、民族特色、時代特色。 | Developing socialism with Chinese characteristics is a long-term arduous task of historic importance, and we must be prepared to carry out a great struggle with many new historical features. We must unswervingly adhere to socialism with Chinese characteristics, develop it as required by the times, constantly enrich it in both practice and theory and enhance its distinctive national features in keeping up with the times. |
| 在新的歷史條件下奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利，必須牢牢把握以下基本要求，并使之成為全黨全國各族人民的共同信念。 | To achieve new victory for socialism with Chinese characteristics under new historical conditions, we must have a firm grasp of the following basic requirements and make them shared convictions of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China. |
| ——必須堅持人民主體地位。中國特色社會主義是億萬人民自己的事業(yè)。要發(fā)揮人民主人翁精神，堅持依法治國這個黨領(lǐng)導人民治理國家的基本方略，最廣泛地動員和組織人民依法管理國家事務(wù)和社會事務(wù)、管理經(jīng)濟和文化事業(yè)、積極投身社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，更好保障人民權(quán)益，更好保證人民當家作主。 | – We must maintain the people's principal position in the country. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is a cause for the people in their hundreds of millions. We should ensure that the people are the masters of the country and we should uphold the rule of law as a fundamental principle by which the Party leads the people in running the country. We should mobilize and organize as many people as possible to manage state and social affairs as well as the economy and cultural programs in accordance with the law and to devote themselves to socialist modernization, and we should better protect the people's rights and interests and ensure that the people determine their own destiny. |
| ——必須堅持解放和發(fā)展社會生產(chǎn)力。解放和發(fā)展社會生產(chǎn)力是中國特色社會主義的根本任務(wù)。要堅持以經(jīng)濟建設(shè)為中心，以科學發(fā)展為主題，全面推進經(jīng)濟建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會建設(shè)、生態(tài)文明建設(shè)，實現(xiàn)以人為本、全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)的科學發(fā)展。 | – We must continue to release and develop the productive forces. This is the fundamental task of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We should take economic development as the central task and pursuing development in a scientific way as the underlying guideline, advance in an all-around way economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress and achieve in a scientific way development that puts people first and is comprehensive, balanced and sustainable. |
| ——必須堅持推進改革開放。改革開放是堅持和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義的必由之路。要始終把改革創(chuàng)新精神貫徹到治國理政各個環(huán)節(jié)，堅持社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的改革方向，堅持對外開放的基本國策，不斷推進理論創(chuàng)新、制度創(chuàng)新、科技創(chuàng)新、文化創(chuàng)新以及其他各方面創(chuàng)新，不斷推進我國社會主義制度自我完善和發(fā)展。 | – We must persevere in reform and opening up. Reform and opening up are crucial to adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. We should always apply the spirit of reform and innovation to all aspects of governance, keep improving the socialist market economy, adhere to the basic state policy of opening to the outside world, continue to make innovations in theory, in institutions, in science and technology, in culture and in other fields, and continuously promote the self-improvement and self-development of China's socialist system. |
| ——必須堅持維護社會公平正義。公平正義是中國特色社會主義的內(nèi)在要求。要在全體人民共同奮斗、經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上，加緊建設(shè)對保障社會公平正義具有重大作用的制度，逐步建立以權(quán)利公平、機會公平、規(guī)則公平為主要內(nèi)容的社會公平保障體系，努力營造公平的社會環(huán)境，保證人民平等參與、平等發(fā)展權(quán)利。 | – We must safeguard social fairness and justice. Fairness and justice are inherent requirements of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We must, relying on the concerted efforts of all the Chinese people and based on economic and social development, step up efforts to develop institutions that are vital to ensuring social fairness and justice; establish in due course a system for guaranteeing fairness in society featuring, among other things, equal rights, equal opportunities and fair rules for all; and foster a fair social environment and ensure people's equal right to participation in governance and to development. |
| ——必須堅持走共同富裕道路。共同富裕是中國特色社會主義的根本原則。要堅持社會主義基本經(jīng)濟制度和分配制度，調(diào)整國民收入分配格局，加大再分配調(diào)節(jié)力度，著力解決收入分配差距較大問題，使發(fā)展成果更多更公平惠及全體人民，朝著共同富裕方向穩(wěn)步前進。 | – We must strive for common prosperity. This is the fundamental principle of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We should adhere to the basic socialist economic system and the socialist income distribution system. We should adjust the pattern of national income distribution, tighten its regulation by secondary distribution and work hard to narrow income gaps so that all the people can share in more fruits of development in a fair way and move steadily toward common prosperity. |
| ——必須堅持促進社會和諧。社會和諧是中國特色社會主義的本質(zhì)屬性。要把保障和改善民生放在更加突出的位置，加強和創(chuàng)新社會管理，正確處理改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定關(guān)系，團結(jié)一切可以團結(jié)的力量，最大限度增加和諧因素，增強社會創(chuàng)造活力，確保人民安居樂業(yè)、社會安定有序、國家長治久安。 | – We must promote social harmony. Social harmony is an inherent attribute of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We should give higher priority to ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing, strengthen and conduct social management in an innovative way, strike a balance between reform, development and stability, rally all the forces that can be rallied, maximize factors conducive to harmony and increase the creative vitality of society. We should ensure that the people live and work in contentment, society is stable and orderly, and the country enjoys enduring peace and stability. |
| ——必須堅持和平發(fā)展。和平發(fā)展是中國特色社會主義的必然選擇。要堅持開放的發(fā)展、合作的發(fā)展、共贏的發(fā)展，通過爭取和平國際環(huán)境發(fā)展自己，又以自身發(fā)展維護和促進世界和平，擴大同各方利益匯合點，推動建設(shè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。 | – We must pursue peaceful development. Peaceful development is the sure choice of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We should pursue development through opening up and cooperation to benefit all. We should develop ourselves by securing a peaceful international environment and uphold and promote world peace through our own development. We should expand common interests with all others and work to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity. |
| ——必須堅持黨的領(lǐng)導。中國共產(chǎn)黨是中國特色社會主義事業(yè)的領(lǐng)導核心。要堅持立黨為公、執(zhí)政為民，加強和改善黨的領(lǐng)導，堅持黨總攬全局、協(xié)調(diào)各方的領(lǐng)導核心作用，保持黨的先進性和純潔性，增強黨的創(chuàng)造力、凝聚力、戰(zhàn)斗力，提高黨科學執(zhí)政、民主執(zhí)政、依法執(zhí)政水平。 | – We must uphold the leadership of the Party. The Communist Party of China is the leadership core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We should uphold the principle that the Party was founded for the public good and that it exercises state power for the people, enhance and improve the Party's leadership and ensure that the Party plays its role as the leadership core in exercising overall leadership and coordinating the efforts of all. We should maintain the Party's advanced nature and purity, strengthen its creativity, cohesiveness and capability and enhance its capacity to govern in a scientific and democratic way and in accordance with the law. |
| 我們必須清醒認識到，我國仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段的基本國情沒有變，人民日益增長的物質(zhì)文化需要同落后的社會生產(chǎn)之間的矛盾這一社會主要矛盾沒有變，我國是世界最大發(fā)展中國家的國際地位沒有變。在任何情況下都要牢牢把握社會主義初級階段這個最大國情，推進任何方面的改革發(fā)展都要牢牢立足社會主義初級階段這個最大實際。黨的基本路線是黨和國家的生命線，必須堅持把以經(jīng)濟建設(shè)為中心同四項基本原則、改革開放這兩個基本點統(tǒng)一于中國特色社會主義偉大實踐，既不妄自菲薄，也不妄自尊大，扎扎實實奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利。 | We must be soberly aware that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will long remain so. This basic condition of China has not changed; nor has the principal problem in our society, that is, how we can meet the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people with backward social production; nor has China's international position as the largest developing country in the world. We must bear in mind under any circumstances the paramount reality that China remains in the primary stage of socialism and will long remain so and base ourselves on this reality in pursuing all of our endeavors of reform and development. The Party's basic line is the lifeblood of the Party and country. We must adhere to the central task – economic development – and the two basic points – the Four Cardinal Principles and the policy of reform and opening up – in our great endeavor to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics. We should neither look down upon ourselves nor be arrogant. We must take solid steps to achieve new victory for socialism with Chinese characteristics. |
| 只要我們胸懷理想、堅定信念，不動搖、不懈怠、不折騰，頑強奮斗、艱苦奮斗、不懈奮斗，就一定能在中國共產(chǎn)黨成立一百年時全面建成小康社會，就一定能在新中國成立一百年時建成富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家。全黨要堅定這樣的道路自信、理論自信、制度自信！ | As long as we remain true to our ideal, are firm in our conviction, never vacillate in or relax our efforts or act recklessly, and forge ahead with tenacity and resolve, we will surely complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects when the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary and turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious when the People's Republic of China marks its centennial. The whole Party should have every confidence in our path, in our theories and in our system. |
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