李克強(qiáng)在中國(guó)工會(huì)第十六次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)上的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)報(bào)告（全文）
Li Keqiang's report on the economic situation at the 16th National Congress of ACFTU
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調(diào)整字號(hào)大小: 
| 三、在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中更加注重解決好職工切身利益問(wèn)題 | Third, increase efforts on resolving problems closely concerning workers' vital interests during economic and social development |
| 職工利益是大家十分關(guān)心的事。工會(huì)是黨和政府溝通億萬(wàn)職工群眾的橋梁和紐帶，工會(huì)關(guān)心職工利益、維護(hù)職工權(quán)益，理所當(dāng)然！推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和維護(hù)職工權(quán)益，這兩個(gè)是并行不悖的、是一致的。我們希望億萬(wàn)職工、全體人民勤奮努力、刻苦奮斗，但同時(shí)，你不能光從牛那里擠奶，不給牛塞一把豆餅子，這不行。我這里要強(qiáng)調(diào)幾條。 | Everybody is concerned about workers' interests. Trade unions are the bridge and link between the Party and millions of workers. They care about workers' interests, and uphold their rights. This is natural! Promoting economic development and protecting workers' interests are not mutually exclusive but consistent with each other. We hope that the millions of workers and all the people will work hard. But, at the same time, you cannot get milk from a cow without feeding it. That does not work. At this point, I want to emphasize several things: |
| 首先，要實(shí)施積極的就業(yè)政策。一定要努力幫助已有和新增勞動(dòng)力有崗位、有活干，有就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，并努力實(shí)現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量的就業(yè)。就業(yè)是最大的民生。這一點(diǎn)我請(qǐng)同志們相信，政府須臾不敢松勁，我們時(shí)時(shí)盯著這一條。對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)主要是為了保就業(yè)。 | Firstly, we must implement a proactive employment policy. We must strive to help those workers and first time job hunters find jobs, provide them with work opportunities, and strive for high-quality jobs. Employment gives our people a livelihood. Believe me that, the government will not slacken off, and will work for this every minute. For us, the primary purpose of steady economic growth is to safeguard employment. |
| 第二，要織牢社會(huì)保障的安全網(wǎng)。我們要推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，其實(shí)最大的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，還是要讓消費(fèi)發(fā)揮重要作用。因?yàn)楹芏喟l(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，最終消費(fèi)占了GDP當(dāng)中很大的比重。我國(guó)今年前三季度這一比重為45.9%。要讓老百姓花錢(qián)，他得無(wú)后顧之憂才行。就業(yè)是讓群眾腰包里有錢(qián)，有了錢(qián)，為什么消費(fèi)還不夠多，現(xiàn)在銀行里有四、五十萬(wàn)億元的存款？群眾有后顧之憂。最大的后顧之憂是什么？還是社會(huì)保障。社會(huì)保障主要是養(yǎng)老。坦率地講，這里面現(xiàn)在還是有問(wèn)題的，現(xiàn)在參加城鎮(zhèn)職工養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)，大概是3億多人，今年有累計(jì)3800萬(wàn)人中斷交保險(xiǎn)。主要是部分中小微企業(yè)有困難，或者是部分靈活就業(yè)人員連續(xù)繳費(fèi)15年以上后不再繳費(fèi)等各種因素造成的。國(guó)家要想辦法健全社會(huì)保障體系，政府要管，工會(huì)也要參與進(jìn)來(lái)，一起想辦法，大家對(duì)國(guó)家要有信心。東北老工業(yè)基地國(guó)企改革改組中，當(dāng)年解決了600萬(wàn)人的養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)問(wèn)題，還有不少人，大約幾百萬(wàn)，因?yàn)槠髽I(yè)倒閉，那時(shí)候國(guó)家沒(méi)政策，自動(dòng)離職了，沒(méi)有任何補(bǔ)償。他們?yōu)楣埠蛧?guó)的成長(zhǎng)做過(guò)貢獻(xiàn)，國(guó)家不能忘記他們。對(duì)這些人也要想辦法。要有一個(gè)覆蓋全民的、全體職工的養(yǎng)老保障，構(gòu)筑讓人民、讓職工能安心生產(chǎn)生活的保障網(wǎng)，使發(fā)展成果更多更公平地惠及群眾。還有醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，目前已基本覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)。但我想特別說(shuō)明要建立大病醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度，現(xiàn)在每年有300萬(wàn)人，生了大病，看病報(bào)銷后還可能支付不起。要想辦法，政府、社會(huì)、個(gè)人一起努力。我這里特別要強(qiáng)調(diào)工會(huì)的送溫暖行動(dòng)起到很重要的作用，你們幫助那些老職工、幫助那些困難職工，解憂解難。政府要從政策、資金等方面支持工會(huì)。還有住房保障。我們計(jì)劃是“十二五”期間建成3600萬(wàn)套保障性住房，其中一半是棚戶區(qū)改造。5年之內(nèi)下決心把老職工集中居住的棚戶區(qū)改造掉。 | Secondly, we should build a social security safety net. We will promote restructuring. Within this, the major task is to let consumption play an important role. In many developed countries, consumption accounts for the largest proportion of GDP. In the first three quarters of this year in China, this proportion reached 45.9 percent. People will only spend when they have the money to do so. But why have Chinese people deposited four to five trillion yuan into their bank accounts rather than spend it? It is because they are worried about our pension system. Quite frankly, the system is not perfect. The number of urban workers currently participating in the basic old-age insurance scheme across China is more than 300 million, but 38 million of them withdraw at the end of the year. They are the workers from the medium sized, small and micro businesses with difficulties, and flexible workers who have paid contributions for 15 years and don't want to pay any more. The government should improve social security system, and trade unions should also work towards this aim. People need to have confidence in the government. During our restructuring and transformation of state-owned enterprises in old industrial bases in northeast China, we solved the problem of endowment insurance for 6 million workers. But there were still millions of people who resigned voluntarily without receiving any compensation. They had also contributed to the country, and their country will not forget them. We need to find a way. We need to build a safety net, a pension system covering all people, pension protection for all workers so that the people can work and live in comfort. That is the way to share the benefits of development with the people more thoroughly and fairly. Our medical insurance system has basically covered all cities and counties. But what I want to emphasize here is the need to build a healthcare insurance system to treat critical illnesses. Some 3 million people are still unable to afford the bill for treatment of critical illnesses, even though some of the money has already been paid by the local government. The whole society, both the government and individuals should work together. Here, I would like to thank the "Warmth Projects" initiated by trade unions for their efforts in helping older and needy workers. The government will provide both political and financial support for trade unions. Another point is safeguarding housing. According to China's 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015), we will build 36 million affordable houses, half of which will be converting shanty towns. In these five years, we are determined to reconstruct all the shanty towns where older workers live. |
| 我們也正在研究救急機(jī)制，到這個(gè)階段，既要扶貧、也要救急。中國(guó)幾十年來(lái)很大的成就是減貧，幾億人脫貧，這個(gè)成就在世界上沒(méi)有人能非議，但是救急機(jī)制我們還沒(méi)有完全建立。要讓社會(huì)有“兜底”的安全保障網(wǎng)，讓人民群眾、讓職工們敢于去就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)。有人真正在就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)中遇到困難，掉下來(lái)了，有一個(gè)安全網(wǎng)兜著他。不光要有基本的安全網(wǎng)，還要最后有個(gè)兜底線，這就是救急機(jī)制。我覺(jué)得“送溫暖”應(yīng)該在這個(gè)救急機(jī)制中占一席之地。政府、社會(huì)、工會(huì)的“送溫暖”、慈善機(jī)構(gòu)等等，大家一起來(lái)建立這個(gè)救急機(jī)制。堅(jiān)決防止那些沖破社會(huì)底線的現(xiàn)象頻頻發(fā)生，促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧。 | We are also looking into establishing an emergency mechanism. At this stage, it is important to help the poor, as well as provide emergency relief. For decades, China achieved a lot in poverty reduction; hundreds of millions of Chinese people have shaken off poverty, no one disagrees with that. However, we have not established an emergency mechanism yet. Our society needs this as a bottom line for safety. This way, the people and workers will have the courage to find jobs and start their own businesses. When they encounter difficulties, the mechanism would help them. We need not only a basic security system, but also a bottom line, which would be the emergency mechanism. In my mind, it should incorporate the "Warmth Projects", and be built as a collaboration by the government, trade unions, charities, and all areas of society, in order to prevent the frequent occurrence of phenomena that break through the social bottom line, which would promote harmony in society. |
| 第三，要促進(jìn)職工收入增長(zhǎng)與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率提高同步。社會(huì)保障解除后顧之憂了，也不夠，還有職工收入問(wèn)題。“十二五”規(guī)劃已經(jīng)提出，職工收入要倍增，要和GDP同步增長(zhǎng)。兩者同步，不僅經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)和職工收入的增長(zhǎng)要同步，勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的增長(zhǎng)和職工收入的增長(zhǎng)也要同步。 | Thirdly, we should increase incomes, economic development and productivity at the same time. It's not enough to only improve social security to solve our worries for the future, we should also increase incomes. According the 12th Five Year Plan, the workers incomes will be doubled and grow in line with GDP. Growing these areas at the same time not only refers to the economy and incomes, but also to productivity and incomes. |
| 當(dāng)然我們最關(guān)心的還是那些普通職工。今年24個(gè)省市最低工資平均提高了18%，這給企業(yè)帶來(lái)一定壓力，包括影響出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。但是我們只能在兩難當(dāng)中做選擇，因?yàn)樽罱K還是要一步一步實(shí)現(xiàn)人民的共同富裕。再就是農(nóng)民工。聽(tīng)說(shuō)有1億農(nóng)民工已經(jīng)加入了工會(huì)，我聽(tīng)了非常高興。農(nóng)民工給城市做的貢獻(xiàn)巨大，城市少不了農(nóng)民工啊。一個(gè)大城市沒(méi)有各種各樣的服務(wù)業(yè)，光有拿手術(shù)刀的，沒(méi)有端茶水的，這個(gè)城市是運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不起來(lái)的。對(duì)所有的勞動(dòng)者我們都應(yīng)該尊重。目前農(nóng)民工有2.6億，當(dāng)然有的是季節(jié)性的、臨時(shí)性的。政府、工會(huì)都要行動(dòng)起來(lái)，幫助他們實(shí)現(xiàn)從暫住到安居，從就業(yè)到樂(lè)業(yè)，讓他們真正融入城鎮(zhèn)，享受應(yīng)有權(quán)利。 | Of course, we are concerned most about the ordinary workers. The average minimum wage in 24 provinces and cities has increased by 18 percent this year, which has put pressure on companies and affecting the competitiveness of their exports. But we have to choose between these two difficulties, because we have to build common prosperity step by step. Another concern is farmers. I was glad to hear that 100 million farmers have joined the trade union. Migrant workers have made great contributions to cities, where they are indispensable. A city needs many types of service industry. If it only has people with scalpels but nobody serving tea, then it cannot operate. We should respect all works. There are 260 million migrant workers in China. Of course, some of them are seasonal or temporary. The government and trade unions mobilize to help migrant workers settle down in cities, not just stay temporarily, to enjoy their work instead merely providing jobs, so that migrant workers can really integrate into city or town lives and enjoy their rights. |
| 這里我特別要強(qiáng)調(diào)，各級(jí)黨委和政府一定要高度重視工會(huì)工作，尤其是要重視關(guān)愛(ài)勞模的工作，支持和幫助工會(huì)做好勞模工作。一個(gè)國(guó)家要有向上的力量，勞模是標(biāo)桿。有了勞模，代表著360行，行行出狀元，而且行行向狀元這個(gè)方向邁進(jìn)。我們還要完善政府和工會(huì)聯(lián)席會(huì)議制度，既然是制度就要辦。通過(guò)聯(lián)席會(huì)議制度，可以多聽(tīng)工人特別是普通工人的心聲。這需要推動(dòng)企業(yè)民主管理，發(fā)揮好職代會(huì)的作用。 | At this point I want to emphasize that Party committees and governments in various levels must pay great attention to the functions of trade unions, especially those that care for and aid model workers, supporting and assisting trade unions so they can do a good job. A country should have positive energy, and model workers should be the examples. They are the masters of various trades and workers in their trades should follow them. We should also improve the government-trade union joint meeting mechanism. Since we have such mechanisms, we should implement them. Through the joint meetings, we can listen to the wishes of ordinary workers. We should promote democratic management in companies and fully exploit the role of workers' congresses. |
| 第四，要高度重視加強(qiáng)職工培訓(xùn)工作。當(dāng)初人們說(shuō)我國(guó)有人口紅利，其實(shí)我們還有一個(gè)人才紅利，人才紅利不可小視。要打造中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)升級(jí)版，除了要釋放改革的最大紅利，還要推動(dòng)人口紅利向人才紅利轉(zhuǎn)變。目前，已經(jīng)取得了一定的成績(jī)。在整個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的從業(yè)人員當(dāng)中，有技能的勞動(dòng)者占到了36%；有技能的勞動(dòng)者當(dāng)中，高技能的勞動(dòng)者占到了25%。說(shuō)起來(lái)不少了，但是比發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還有很大的差距。政府現(xiàn)在每年資助職工培訓(xùn)1000萬(wàn)人，數(shù)字也不小，但和我們龐大的億萬(wàn)職工隊(duì)伍相比較還有很大差距。我們一定要在這方面舍得花錢(qián)、敢于花錢(qián)，加大對(duì)職工教育的政策傾斜，讓人口紅利真正變成人才紅利，支持工會(huì)開(kāi)展職工技能培訓(xùn)，讓絕大多數(shù)職工都成為有技能的從業(yè)人員，多數(shù)人能夠成為高中級(jí)技能人員。大家的積極性和創(chuàng)造力都迸發(fā)出來(lái)，我們的目標(biāo)是一定能達(dá)到的。 | Fourthly, we should strengthen training for workers. People once said that China has a demographic dividend. In fact, our talent dividend should not be overlooked. In order to upgrade the Chinese economy, we should transform the demographic dividend into talent dividend. We have already made achievements in this area. Of all our urban employees, skilled workers account for 36 percent, and highly skilled workers account for 25 percent of the skilled ones. Although the proportion is not low, it is still far behind developed countries. The government is currently funding training for 10 million workers every year. It's not a small figure, but it is not enough considering the hundreds of millions of workers in China. We should be willing and brave enough to spend money on worker training and improve preferential policies in this area, to really change our demographic dividend into a talent dividend. We need to support trade unions in providing training, so that the majority of employees can become skilled and then become intermediate or high-level professionals. This way, we inspire everybody's enthusiasm and imagination. We must reach our goal. |
| 還要十分重視安全生產(chǎn)。安全生產(chǎn)、人命關(guān)天，必須警鐘長(zhǎng)鳴。黨和國(guó)家一直重視勞動(dòng)安全事業(yè)，這些年，我們也下了很大的功夫，但問(wèn)題依然不少。實(shí)現(xiàn)安全生產(chǎn)，光靠企業(yè)的自覺(jué)還不夠，政府必須加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管，也要發(fā)揮群眾、工會(huì)的監(jiān)督作用。 | We should also give our full attention to work safety. Safe production concerns people's lives, so we should be vigilant at all times. The Party and state have paid great attentions to this and achieved a lot in improving work safety. But there are still many issues. Relying on the self-discipline of companies is not enough. The government must enhance supervision and control, and in the meantime, the public and trade unions should also play supervisory roles in this issue. |
| 同志們，讓我們更加緊密地團(tuán)結(jié)在以習(xí)近平同志為總書(shū)記的黨中央周圍，高舉中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想、科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo)，團(tuán)結(jié)廣大職工，為全面建成小康社會(huì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國(guó)夢(mèng)而奮斗！最后，祝中國(guó)工會(huì)十六大圓滿成功！ | Comrades, let us unite even more closely around the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary. Let's hold high the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and be guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development. May the workers of the country unite to build a moderately prosperous society, and work for the Chinese dream of rejuvenating the Chinese nation! Finally, I wish the 16th National Congress of the All China Federation of Trade Unions complete success! |
| 謝謝大家。 |
Thank you.
This report was translated by Wu Jin, Chen Boyuan, Li Jingrong, Liu Qiang, Zhang Lulu, Lin Liyao and Li Shen and edited by Chris Parker. |
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