《新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)的歷史與發(fā)展》白皮書
White Paper: The History and Development of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
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| 四、維穩(wěn)戍邊與促進(jìn)民族團(tuán)結(jié) | IV. Safeguard the Frontier, Maintain Stability, and Promote Ethnic Unity |
| 新疆陸地邊境線漫長(zhǎng)，戍守邊防是國(guó)家賦予兵團(tuán)的重要職責(zé)。兵團(tuán)從組建開始，就是一支高度組織化的準(zhǔn)軍事力量。多年來，兵團(tuán)堅(jiān)持亦兵亦民、勞武結(jié)合、兵民合一，擁有一支數(shù)量足夠、素質(zhì)較高的民兵武裝力量和兵團(tuán)武警部隊(duì)，一手拿槍，一手拿鎬，與軍隊(duì)、武警和各族群眾建立起邊境安全聯(lián)防體系，在維護(hù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)一和新疆社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、打擊暴力恐怖犯罪活動(dòng)中發(fā)揮出特殊作用。 | Xinjiang has a long border, and safeguarding it is the responsibility the state has entrusted to the XPCC. A highly organized paramilitary force since its founding, the XPCC has for many years shouldered both production and military duties, every member assuming the dual role of soldier and worker. The XPCC has strong militia and armed police forces whose members are capable of both combat and production. Together with the army groups, police force, and local residents of various ethnic groups of Xinjiang, the XPCC has built a strong border joint defense system. It has played a special role in safeguarding the country's unification and Xinjiang's social stability and in cracking down on violent terrorist crimes. |
| 兵團(tuán)的邊境團(tuán)場(chǎng)是戍邊的重要力量。兵團(tuán)對(duì)邊境團(tuán)場(chǎng)實(shí)行團(tuán)場(chǎng)包面、連隊(duì)包片、民兵包點(diǎn)的生產(chǎn)與守邊雙承包責(zé)任制，實(shí)行兵團(tuán)值班民兵連隊(duì)與當(dāng)?shù)伛v軍、武警和地方民兵四位一體的軍民聯(lián)防機(jī)制，共同維護(hù)國(guó)家邊防安全。按照國(guó)家的戰(zhàn)略部署，兵團(tuán)不斷加強(qiáng)邊境團(tuán)場(chǎng)建設(shè)的力度。從2000年起，兵團(tuán)在邊境團(tuán)場(chǎng)實(shí)施以危舊房改造、飲水、交通、文化、就醫(yī)、電視廣播、環(huán)境衛(wèi)生等為重點(diǎn)的“金邊工程”，發(fā)揮區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)實(shí)施沿邊對(duì)外開放，開展區(qū)域?qū)ν饨?jīng)貿(mào)、文化交流合作，進(jìn)一步改善了職工群眾的生產(chǎn)生活條件，增強(qiáng)了邊境團(tuán)場(chǎng)的凝聚力、吸引力，提升了邊境團(tuán)場(chǎng)戍邊的綜合實(shí)力。 | Frontier regimental farms are important forces in border security. The XPCC adopts the production and defense liability system, in which regimental farms take charge of entire areas, companies take charge of subareas, and individual militias are responsible for their own lots. The XPCC also sets up the "four-in-one" joint defense system, wherein stationed troops, armed police, local militias, and XPCC on-duty militias work together to safeguard China's border security. The XPCC has constantly strengthened frontier regimental farms in accordance with China's strategic deployment. Since 2000 the XPCC has carried out the "Jinbian Project," which focuses on improving drinking water, transportation, medical services, broadcast networks, the environment and sanitation, promoting culture, and renovating dilapidated houses. It has made full use of geographical advantages to open up border areas and promote foreign trade and cultural exchanges. It has also improved local residents' working and living conditions, and increased the solidarity, attractiveness, and overall strength of border regimental farms. |
| 維護(hù)新疆穩(wěn)定是兵團(tuán)的重要職責(zé)，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)治久安的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要。20世紀(jì)80年代以來，“三股勢(shì)力”破壞活動(dòng)對(duì)新疆社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的危害日益凸顯。針對(duì)這種情況，根據(jù)統(tǒng)一部署，兵團(tuán)所屬師、團(tuán)、連和企事業(yè)單位建立了應(yīng)急民兵營(yíng)、連、排，隨時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)各種暴力恐怖突發(fā)事件。在反恐維穩(wěn)斗爭(zhēng)中，兵團(tuán)發(fā)揮了特殊作用。尤其是1990年阿克陶縣巴仁鄉(xiāng)“4·5”事件、1997年伊寧“2·5”事件發(fā)生后，兵團(tuán)民兵發(fā)揮熟悉情況、就近就便的優(yōu)勢(shì)，快速反應(yīng)、迅速出擊，與武警部隊(duì)和各族群眾攜手聯(lián)動(dòng)，共同打擊暴恐犯罪，維護(hù)了社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。2009年烏魯木齊“7·5”事件發(fā)生后，兵團(tuán)迅速組織民兵擔(dān)負(fù)起執(zhí)勤、巡邏和對(duì)重點(diǎn)目標(biāo)的守衛(wèi)任務(wù)。當(dāng)前，兵團(tuán)正著力建設(shè)全國(guó)一流民兵隊(duì)伍，建立融生產(chǎn)、訓(xùn)練、執(zhí)勤、應(yīng)急于一體的民兵常態(tài)化輪訓(xùn)備勤機(jī)制。 | The XPCC's crucial task to maintain Xinjiang's stability is also a factual need to realize lasting peace and stability. Since the 1980s the threat of the "three forces" - separatists, religious extremists and terrorists - to Xinjiang's social stability has grown. To confront this threat, divisions, regiments, companies, enterprises, and public institutions under the XPCC have established emergency militia battalions, companies, and platoons that enable it to respond rapidly to outbursts of violent terrorist activities. The XPCC has played crucial roles in fighting terrorism and maintaining stability, especially in the April 5 riot in Barin Township, Akto County of 1990 and the February 5 Yining incident of 1997. Familiar with the situation, and located close to these sites, the XPCC militias struck swiftly and joined hands with armed police and residents of various ethnic groups in cracking down on violent terrorist crimes, so maintaining social stability. In rapid response to the July 5 Urumqi riot of 2009, the XPCC sent militias to patrol the city and guard key districts from possible attacks. At present, the XPCC is focusing its efforts on forging a top militia force in China, and building a system of regular rotation training and standby duty, which combines production, training, duty performance, and emergency response. |
| 新疆是多民族地區(qū)，民族團(tuán)結(jié)是國(guó)家統(tǒng)一和新疆社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的最長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的根本問題。兵團(tuán)高度融入新疆社會(huì)，長(zhǎng)期與地方各民族毗鄰而居、和睦相處、守望相助，構(gòu)成各民族相互交往交流交融的“嵌入式”社會(huì)發(fā)展模式，做到了邊疆同守、資源共享、優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)、共同繁榮。60年來，兵團(tuán)堅(jiān)持為新疆各族人民服務(wù)的宗旨，積極支援地方建設(shè)，為各族群眾辦好事、辦實(shí)事。兵團(tuán)醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)常年組織醫(yī)療隊(duì)深入地方農(nóng)村、牧區(qū)開展巡回醫(yī)療，防病治病，送醫(yī)送藥。兵團(tuán)在修建各種水利、道路等工程時(shí)，同時(shí)考慮地方各族人民的利益，使興修的各項(xiàng)工程成為兵地雙方受益的“兩利工程”。20世紀(jì)50年代，為支持新疆工業(yè)發(fā)展，兵團(tuán)把已經(jīng)建設(shè)起來的規(guī)模較大的一批工交建商企業(yè)無償移交給地方。60年代中期，兵團(tuán)每年拿出800多萬元人民幣專項(xiàng)資金幫助地方進(jìn)行農(nóng)田規(guī)劃建設(shè)。80年代初兵團(tuán)恢復(fù)后，連續(xù)5年投資9000多萬元人民幣，支援喀什、塔城等地區(qū)興辦農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)，并與地方共建文明單位400多個(gè)。90年代以來，幫助地方建設(shè)“雙語”幼兒園和“雙語”學(xué)校，培訓(xùn)“雙語”教師。1999年開始，連續(xù)14年在北疆7個(gè)師的57個(gè)團(tuán)場(chǎng)，接收來自南疆四地州32個(gè)縣(市)15批2156名基層少數(shù)民族干部掛職鍛煉培訓(xùn)。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)后，兵團(tuán)與地方大力發(fā)展融合經(jīng)濟(jì)，建立起經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)合體87個(gè)，合作項(xiàng)目200多個(gè)。兵團(tuán)還常年抽調(diào)大批科技人員，為地方舉辦種植、養(yǎng)殖、農(nóng)機(jī)等各類培訓(xùn)班，向各族農(nóng)牧民傳授和推廣各類先進(jìn)技術(shù)。兵地相互支援、融合發(fā)展，促進(jìn)了各民族交往交流交融。 | Xinjiang is a multi-ethnic region, and ethnic unity has been fundamental to preserving long-term national unification and social stability in the region. Closely integrated with local communities, the XPCC lives in harmony with all ethnic groups, with whom it shares mutual support and assistance. Together they have formed an "embedded-type" social development framework under which all ethnic groups communicate on a regular basis and integrate. They have defended the frontier and the state at large, shared resources, made their respective advantages complementary, and realized common prosperity. Over the past six decades, the XPCC, abiding by the principle of serving all ethnic groups in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, has proactively supported local construction, accomplished many good things for local residents, and resolved many problems in a down-to-earth manner. Medical institutions under the XPCC provide touring medical services to local villages and pasturing areas all year round, treating diseases and administering medicines. When building roads and water conservancy projects, the XPCC goes to great lengths to ensure that these projects are of benefit to both itself and the region. In the 1950s, to support industrial development in Xinjiang, the XPCC transferred, at no cost, to local governments a number of large-scale industrial, construction, transport, and commercial enterprises upon which it had embarked. In the mid-1960s the XPCC appropriated a special fund of more than RMB 8 million each year to aid local areas in farmland planning and construction. After its reinstatement in the early 1980s, the XPCC invested more than RMB 90 million over five consecutive years to support Kashgar and Tacheng's establishment of irrigation and water conservancy projects, and co-built with local governments more than 400 model institutions. Since the 1990s the XPCC has helped local governments to build bilingual kindergartens and schools and train bilingual teachers. Since 1999, 57 regimental farms under seven divisions in northern Xinjiang have provided training sessions and temporary posts to 15 groups of 2,156 grassroots ethnic minority officials from 32 counties (cities) in four prefectures in southern Xinjiang. Since the turn of the century, the XPCC has vigorously promoted "convergenomics," working together with the local communities in building 87 economic complexes and engaging in more than 200 cooperative projects. Throughout each year it has also assigned scientific and technological personnel to hold various training sessions on farming, animal husbandry, and agricultural machinery, and to promote a broad range of advanced technologies among local farmers and herdsmen of all ethnic groups. Mutual support and integrated development between the XPCC and local governments have promoted contact and exchanges among all ethnic groups. |
| 兵團(tuán)有漢、維、哈、回、蒙古、錫伯、俄羅斯、塔吉克、滿等37個(gè)民族，少數(shù)民族人口達(dá)37.54萬人，占總?cè)丝诘?3.9%，有37個(gè)少數(shù)民族聚居團(tuán)場(chǎng)。兵團(tuán)把加快少數(shù)民族聚居團(tuán)場(chǎng)發(fā)展作為改善民生的重中之重，加大政策支持和扶貧開發(fā)力度。近年來，兵團(tuán)共實(shí)施少數(shù)民族聚居團(tuán)場(chǎng)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目114個(gè)，總投資10.8億元人民幣，項(xiàng)目涉及城鎮(zhèn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、安居工程、設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)、畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。2012年，兵團(tuán)37個(gè)少數(shù)民族聚居團(tuán)場(chǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)總值111.03億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)42.8%，比兵團(tuán)平均水平高出24.4個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。 | The XPCC is a mosaic of people from 37 ethnic groups, including the Han, Uyghur, Kazak, Hui, Mongolian, Xibe, Russian, Tajik, and Manchu. The population of ethnic minorities has reached 375,400, taking up 13.9% of the Corps' total. There are 37 regimental farms inhabited predominantly by ethnic minority groups. With accelerating the development of these regimental farms as its top priority, the XPCC has enhanced policy support and poverty relief. In recent years the XPCC has launched 114 construction projects on these farms, with a total investment of RMB 1.08 billion, covering such fields as urban infrastructure, low-income housing projects, facility agriculture, and animal husbandry. In 2012 the total output value of these 37 regimental farms reached RMB 11.103 billion, up 42.8% over the previous year, and 24.4 percentage points higher than the average level in the XPCC. |
| 兵團(tuán)全面貫徹國(guó)家的民族宗教政策，促進(jìn)宗教和諧，尊重和保護(hù)少數(shù)民族風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，倡導(dǎo)民族和諧發(fā)展、文化共同繁榮、民俗相互尊重。多民族聚居的狀況，使兵團(tuán)具備了傳播先進(jìn)文化、弘揚(yáng)中華文化，不斷吸納融合新疆民族文化，在邊疆地區(qū)促進(jìn)一體多元中華民族文化發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。在兵團(tuán)，文化的相互交流進(jìn)一步增進(jìn)了各民族成員之間的了解和認(rèn)同，推進(jìn)了新疆中華民族先進(jìn)文化的建設(shè)，增強(qiáng)了邊疆地區(qū)中華民族的凝聚力。 | The XPCC fully implements China's ethnic and religious policies, promotes religious harmony, respects and protects the customs of ethnic minority groups. It advocates harmonious development, common cultural prosperity, and respect for one another's folkways among all ethnic groups. Being a part of this essential mosaic of people from different ethnic groups enables the XPCC to disseminate advanced culture, develop Chinese culture, constantly absorb Xinjiang ethnic culture and so promote the integration of diverse components of the Chinese culture in the border areas. Cultural exchanges within the XPCC have increased mutual understanding among people of different ethnic groups, facilitated the development of an advanced Chinese culture in Xinjiang, and enhanced cohesion of the Chinese nation in China's border areas. |
| 斗轉(zhuǎn)星移，兵團(tuán)走過了不平凡的60年。 | The seasons change fast, and 60 eventful years have passed since the founding of the XPCC. |
| 當(dāng)前，中國(guó)各族人民正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國(guó)夢(mèng)而努力奮斗，新疆正處于實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和長(zhǎng)治久安的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。支持兵團(tuán)發(fā)展壯大是中央政府的一貫方針，發(fā)揮好兵團(tuán)的維穩(wěn)戍邊特殊作用是國(guó)家的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)大計(jì)。新形勢(shì)下，兵團(tuán)建設(shè)只能加強(qiáng)不能削弱。 | At present, all Chinese people are striving to realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and Xinjiang is at a critical stage of achieving lasting social and political stability. It has been a consistent policy of the central government to support the growth of the XPCC, and it has been China's long-term strategy to give better play to the unique role of the XPCC in maintaining stability and safeguarding the border. Under new conditions, the XPCC should never be allowed to weaken, but rather be strengthened. |
| 兵團(tuán)正處在新的歷史起點(diǎn)上，兵團(tuán)的發(fā)展面臨前所未有的機(jī)遇。在新的歷史時(shí)期，兵團(tuán)要當(dāng)好安邊固疆的穩(wěn)定器、凝聚各族群眾的大熔爐、匯集先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力和先進(jìn)文化的示范區(qū)，壯大實(shí)力，深化“兵地融合”發(fā)展，聚焦新疆社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和長(zhǎng)治久安總目標(biāo)，履行好中央賦予的各項(xiàng)職能。 | Standing at a new historical starting point, the XPCC is presented with unprecedented opportunities. In the new historical period, the XPCC must play its part as a stabilizer of frontier security and stability, a melting pot of all ethnic groups, and a demonstration zone for advanced productive forces and culture. It must reinforce itself, further its integration with the local society, be devoted to social stability and lasting peace in Xinjiang, and perform all its functions as entrusted by the central government. |
| 有中央政府的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和支持，有全國(guó)人民的積極支援，有新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)和各族人民的大力幫助，有兵團(tuán)60年發(fā)展打下的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，完全有理由相信，兵團(tuán)的明天一定會(huì)更加美好！ | With the strong leadership and support of the central government, proactive assistance from all the people in China, the great help of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and all ethnic groups, and the solid foundation laid over the past 60 years of its development, the XPCC is sure to embrace a better tomorrow. |
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