2016年美國(guó)的人權(quán)紀(jì)錄（全文）
Full text: Human Rights Record of the United States in 2016
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| 國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室3月9日發(fā)表《2016年美國(guó)的人權(quán)紀(jì)錄》，回應(yīng)美國(guó)發(fā)布的“國(guó)別人權(quán)報(bào)告”。全文如下： | The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China published a report titled "Human Rights Record of the United States in 2016" on Thursday. Following is the full text of the report: |
| 2016年美國(guó)的人權(quán)紀(jì)錄 中華人民共和國(guó) 國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室 2017年3月 | Human Rights Record of the United States in 2016 State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China March 2017 |
| 目 錄 | Contents |
| 導(dǎo)言 | Foreword |
| 一、生命人身權(quán)利受到嚴(yán)重侵犯 | I. Serious Infringement on Right to Life, Personal Security |
| 二、政治權(quán)利遭到踐踏 | II. Political Rights Undermined |
| 三、中低收入群體生活狀況堪憂 | III. Grim Living Conditions of Low- and Middle-income Americans |
| 四、種族歧視愈演愈烈 | IV. Racial Discrimination Worsened |
| 五、婦女兒童老年人權(quán)利缺乏應(yīng)有保障 | V. Women, Children, Elders' Rights Lack Proper Protection |
| 六、粗暴侵犯他國(guó)人權(quán) | VI. Gross Violations of Human Rights in Other Countries |
| 導(dǎo)言 | Foreword |
| 當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間3月3日，美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)布《2016年國(guó)別人權(quán)報(bào)告》，繼續(xù)以“人權(quán)裁判官”自居，揮舞“人權(quán)大棒”，對(duì)世界各國(guó)人權(quán)狀況品頭論足、橫加指責(zé)，而對(duì)美國(guó)自身存在的嚴(yán)重人權(quán)問(wèn)題則全然不顧。人們不禁要問(wèn)，2016年美國(guó)的人權(quán)狀況到底如何呢？事實(shí)說(shuō)明，2016年美國(guó)的人權(quán)狀況在一些重要方面繼續(xù)呈惡化趨勢(shì)?！白杂膳瘛北澈蟛唤^于耳的槍聲，愈演愈烈的種族歧視問(wèn)題，以及金錢(qián)政治主導(dǎo)下的選舉鬧劇，使自詡的“人權(quán)衛(wèi)士”以自己的行為戳穿了其編造的人權(quán)“神話”。 | On March 3 local time, the State Department of the United States released its country reports on human rights practices, posing once again as "the judge of human rights". Wielding "the baton of human rights," it pointed fingers and cast blame on the human rights situation in many countries while paying no attention to its own terrible human rights problems. People cannot help asking about the actual human rights situation of the United States in 2016. Concrete facts show that the United States saw continued deterioration in some key aspects of its existent human rights issues last year. With the gunshots lingering in people's ears behind the Statue of Liberty, worsening racial discrimination and the election farce dominated by money politics, the self-proclaimed human rights defender has exposed its human rights "myth" with its own deeds. |
| ——涉槍犯罪持續(xù)高發(fā)，監(jiān)禁率居高不下。全年共發(fā)生槍擊事件58125起，其中大的槍擊事件385起，共造成15039人死亡，30589人受傷，死傷慘重。(注1)美國(guó)監(jiān)禁率居世界第二，每10萬(wàn)居民中有693人被監(jiān)禁，(注2)受過(guò)監(jiān)禁的人數(shù)高達(dá)7000萬(wàn)，占成年人的三分之一。(注3) | -- The frequent occurrence of gun-related crimes led to heavy casualties and the incarceration rate remained high. There were a total of 58,125 gun violence incidents, including 385 mass shootings, in the United States in 2016, leaving 15,039 killed and 30,589 injured (www.gunviolencearchive.org, December 31, 2016). The United States had the second highest prisoner rate, with 693 prisoners per 100,000 of the national population (www.statista.com, April 2016). There had been 70 million Americans incarcerated - that's almost one in three adults - with some form of criminal record (harvardlawreview.org, January 5, 2017). |
| ——貧富差距不斷擴(kuò)大，中低收入群體生活狀況堪憂。2016年，美國(guó)成年人全職工作比例創(chuàng)1983年以來(lái)最低水平。(注4)過(guò)去30年將近70%的收入流入到最富有的10%的人的腰包，(注5)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)規(guī)模出現(xiàn)拐點(diǎn)式萎縮。4500萬(wàn)貧困人口生活困難，(注6)七分之一的美國(guó)人生活在貧困線以下。(注7)預(yù)期壽命20多年來(lái)首次出現(xiàn)總體下降，平均壽命從78.9歲下降到78.8歲。(注8) | -- Livelihood of middle- and low-income groups was worrisome amid widening income gap. In 2016, the proportion of adult Americans who had a full-time job hit a record low since 1983. Over the last three decades, nearly 70 percent of income ended up in the pockets of the wealthiest 10 percent. The population of U.S. middle-class registered a turning point toward contraction. Besides, one out of seven Americans remained in poverty, with life of 45 million people in strained circumstances. The average life expectancy fell from 78.9 years to 78.8 years as the United States posted a drop in overall life expectancy for the first time in over 20 years. |
| ——種族主義持續(xù)存在，種族關(guān)系日趨惡化。2016年，聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)理事會(huì)非洲裔問(wèn)題專家工作組向聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)理事會(huì)提交正式調(diào)查報(bào)告，稱美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)種族問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重，沒(méi)有解決好殖民歷史、奴隸制、種族隔離、種族不平等和種族恐怖主義等問(wèn)題。警察槍殺使人聯(lián)想起過(guò)去奴隸制私刑處死的種族恐怖主義行為，美國(guó)正面臨一場(chǎng)“人權(quán)危機(jī)”。(注9) | -- Racism continued to exist and racial relations worsened. In 2016, the United Nations' Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent reported to the United Nations Human Rights Council that racial problems were severe in the United States. The colonial history, enslavement, racial subordination and segregation, racial terrorism and racial inequality in the United States remained a serious challenge. Police killings were reminiscent of the past racial terror of lynching. The United States was undergoing a "human rights crisis" (www.un.org, August 18, 2016). |
| ——婦女兒童老年人權(quán)利保障狀況未見(jiàn)改善，弱勢(shì)群體權(quán)利受到嚴(yán)重侵犯。女性收入大幅低于男性，紐約市公共部門(mén)的性別薪資差距達(dá)18%，(注10)加利福尼亞州薪酬等于或低于最低工資的勞工六成是婦女。(注11)性騷擾、性侵犯事件頻發(fā)，約四分之一的女性曾在工作中受到過(guò)性騷擾，(注12)近兩成年輕女性在大學(xué)四年期間遭到過(guò)性侵犯。(注13)兒童貧困率居高不下，680萬(wàn)名10－17歲的青少年處于食品匱乏狀態(tài)。(注14)虐待老年人事件時(shí)有發(fā)生，每年約有500萬(wàn)老年人遭到虐待。(注15) | -- There was no improvement to the protection of rights of women, children and elders, and the vulnerable groups' rights were seriously violated. Women were paid much less compared to their male colleagues. Women with city government jobs in New York made 18 percent less than men (www.nydailynews.com, April 11, 2016). Women comprised about 60 percent of California workers earning minimum wage or less (www.sandiegouniontribune.com, April 10, 2016). Sexual harassments and assaults took place frequently. Roughly one in four women said they have been harassed on the job (www.usatoday.com, July 7, 2016). A total of 20 percent of young women who attended college during a four-year span said they had been sexually assaulted (www.washingtonpost.com, March 5, 2016). Poverty rate among children remained high and an estimated 6.8 million people aged 10 to 17 are food insecure (www.urban.org, September 11, 2016). Cases of elder abuse happened from time to time and about 5 million older adults were subject to abuse each year (www.csmonitor.com, June 15, 2016). |
| ——侵犯他國(guó)人權(quán)現(xiàn)象屢有發(fā)生，肆意濫殺無(wú)辜。2014年8月8日至2016年12月19日，美國(guó)空襲伊拉克7258次，空襲敘利亞5828次，造成733起平民死亡事件，共導(dǎo)致4568－6127名平民死亡。(注16)2009年以來(lái)，美國(guó)無(wú)人機(jī)攻擊僅在巴基斯坦、也門(mén)和索馬里就造成超過(guò)800名平民傷亡。(注17)非法關(guān)押和虐待他國(guó)囚犯問(wèn)題遲遲未得到解決。 | -- The United States repeatedly trampled on human rights in other countries and willfully slaughtered innocent victims. From August 8, 2014 to December 19, 2016, the United States launched 7,258 air strikes in Iraq and 5,828 in Syria, causing 733 incidents with an estimated number of civilian deaths between 4,568 and 6,127 (airwars.org, December 19, 2016). Since 2009, the upper limit of the civilian death toll from U.S. drones stood at more than 800 people in Pakistan, Yemen and Somalia. (www.theguardian.com, July 1, 2016) The issue of illegal detention and torturing prisoners of other countries remained unsolved. |
| ——拒絕批準(zhǔn)核心國(guó)際人權(quán)公約，拒不接受聯(lián)合國(guó)有關(guān)人權(quán)決議草案。美國(guó)至今仍未批準(zhǔn)《經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和文化權(quán)利國(guó)際公約》《消除對(duì)婦女一切形式歧視公約》《兒童權(quán)利公約》和《殘疾人權(quán)利公約》等核心國(guó)際人權(quán)公約。在2016年第71屆聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)期間，美國(guó)對(duì)關(guān)于“發(fā)展權(quán)”“人權(quán)與單方面強(qiáng)制措施”“促進(jìn)建立一個(gè)民主和公平的國(guó)際秩序”“和平權(quán)利宣言”等涉及人權(quán)的決議草案投了反對(duì)票。(注18) | -- The United States refused to approve core international conventions on human rights and did not accept UN draft resolutions related to human rights. It still has not ratified core international human rights conventions, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women; the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. At the 71st General Assembly of the UN, the United States voted against draft resolutions related to human rights including "The right to development," "Human rights and unilateral coercive measures," "Promotion of a democratic and equitable international order," and "Declaration on the right to peace" (www.un.org, December 19, 2016). |
(注1) 美國(guó)槍支暴力檔案室網(wǎng)站（http://www.gunviolencearchive.org），2016年12月31日。 (注2) 美國(guó)市場(chǎng)研究公司網(wǎng)站（https://www.statista.com），2016年4月。 (注3) 《哈佛法律評(píng)論》網(wǎng)站（http://harvardlawreview.org），2017年1月5日。 (注4) 蓋洛普咨詢公司網(wǎng)站（http://www.gallup.com），2016年9月20日。 (注5) 《新聞人》網(wǎng)站（http://www.newser.com），2016年12月8日。 (注6) 英國(guó)《每日郵報(bào)》網(wǎng)站（http://www.dailymail.co.uk），2016年9月10日。 (注7) 英國(guó)《每日郵報(bào)》網(wǎng)站（http://www.dailymail.co.uk），2016年9月10日。 (注8) 《美國(guó)新聞》網(wǎng)站（http://www.usnews.com），2016年12月8日。 (注9) 聯(lián)合國(guó)網(wǎng)站（http://www.un.org），2016年8月18日。 (注10) 《紐約每日新聞》網(wǎng)站（http://www.nydailynews.com），2016年4月11日。 (注11) 《圣迭戈聯(lián)合論壇報(bào)》網(wǎng)站（http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com），2016年4月10日。 (注12) 《今日美國(guó)》網(wǎng)站（http://www.usatoday.com），2016年7月7日。 (注13) 《華盛頓郵報(bào)》網(wǎng)站（https://www.washingtonpost.com），2016年3月5日。 (注14) 美國(guó)城市研究所網(wǎng)站（http://www.urban.org），2016年9月11日。 (注15) 《基督教科學(xué)箴言報(bào)》網(wǎng)站（http://www.csmonitor.com），2016年6月15日。 (注16) 空中戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)跟蹤組織網(wǎng)站（http://airwars.org），2016年12月19日。 (注17) 英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》網(wǎng)站（https://www.theguardian.com），2016年7月1日。 (注18) 聯(lián)合國(guó)網(wǎng)站（http://www.un.org），2016年12月19日。 |
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