中國共產(chǎn)黨的歷史使命與行動(dòng)價(jià)值

中共中央宣傳部

The CPC 

Its Mission and Contributions 

The Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee

目錄

Contents

前言

Preamble

一、全心全意為人民服務(wù)

I. Serving the People Wholeheartedly

（一）把人民放在心中最高位置

1. Putting the People First

（二）依靠人民不斷取得勝利

2. From Victory to Victory with the People

（三）實(shí)現(xiàn)人民當(dāng)家作主

3. The People as Masters of the Country

（四）讓人民過上好日子

4. A Good Life for the People

二、為實(shí)現(xiàn)理想不懈奮斗

II. Realizing the Ideals of the Party

（一）堅(jiān)持科學(xué)理論指導(dǎo)

1. Upholding Marxism

（二）堅(jiān)守理想信念

2. Firm Ideals and Convictions

（三）在不斷探索中前進(jìn)

3. Breaking New Ground

（四）勇于戰(zhàn)勝風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)

4. Defusing Risks and Overcoming Challenges

三、具有強(qiáng)大領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力執(zhí)政力

III. Robust Leadership and Strong Governance

（一）黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)有力

1. A Strong Central Committee

（二）制定正確路線和戰(zhàn)略策略

2. Sound Guidelines and Strategies

（三）決策部署有效貫徹

3. Effective Implementation of Decisions and Plans

（四）團(tuán)結(jié)和凝聚各方力量

4. Pooling the Efforts of All Sectors

（五）建設(shè)高素質(zhì)干部隊(duì)伍

5. Fostering High-Caliber Party Officials

四、始終保持旺盛生機(jī)和活力

IV. Maintaining Vigor and Vitality

（一）堅(jiān)持黨內(nèi)民主

1. Upholding Intra-Party Democracy

（二）勇于修正錯(cuò)誤

2. Correcting Mistakes

（三）保持肌體健康

3. Protecting the Party's Health

（四）注重學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié)

4. Promoting Study and Review

五、為人類和平與發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)力量

V. Contributing to World Peace and Development

（一）維護(hù)世界和平

1. Safeguarding World Peace

（二）促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展

2. Pursuing Common Development

（三）走和平發(fā)展道路

3. Following the Path of Peaceful Development

（四）推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體

4. Building a Global Community of Shared Future

結(jié)束語

Conclusion

前言

Preamble

中國共產(chǎn)黨自誕生以來，已經(jīng)走過了100年奮斗歷程。

The Communist Party of China (CPC), founded in 1921, has just celebrated its centenary.

這100年，是人類社會(huì)充滿動(dòng)蕩和劇變的100年，既有生產(chǎn)力極大發(fā)展、社會(huì)空前變革、人類文明巨大進(jìn)步，也有戰(zhàn)亂頻仍、生靈涂炭、人類文明遭受極大破壞。

These hundred years have been a period of dramatic change – enormous productive forces unleashed, social transformation unprecedented in scale, and huge advances in human civilization. On the other hand, humanity has been afflicted by devastating wars and suffering.

這100年，中國發(fā)生滄桑巨變，換了人間。產(chǎn)生這一巨變的根本原因，在于有了中國共產(chǎn)黨。

These hundred years have also witnessed profound and transformative change in China. And it is the CPC that has made this change possible.

中華民族是世界上偉大的民族，有著5000多年源遠(yuǎn)流長的文明歷史，為人類文明進(jìn)步作出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。1840年鴉片戰(zhàn)爭以后，中國逐步成為半殖民地半封建社會(huì)，國家蒙辱、人民蒙難、文明蒙塵，中華民族遭受了前所未有的劫難。中國人民始終不屈不撓、奮力抗?fàn)?，在救亡圖存的道路上一次次失敗、一次次求索。

The Chinese nation is a great nation. With a history dating back more than 5,000 years, China has made an indelible contribution to human civilization. After the Opium War of 1840, however, China found itself plunged into a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society. It endured intense humiliation, its people were pushed into darkness, and the ancient Chinese civilization lost its way.

The Chinese people fought with indomitable spirit against repeated setbacks to save the nation from subjugation.

十月革命一聲炮響，給中國送來了馬克思列寧主義。馬克思列寧主義在中國的傳播，促進(jìn)了中國人民的偉大覺醒，催生了中國共產(chǎn)黨，點(diǎn)亮了中華民族的復(fù)興之光。

The salvoes of Russia's October Revolution in 1917 sent Marxism-Leninism to China, and the CPC came into being. The Chinese people were awakened, and a torch was lit for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

1921年，中國共產(chǎn)黨成立。這是開天辟地的大事變，深刻改變了近代以后中華民族發(fā)展的方向和進(jìn)程，深刻改變了中國人民和中華民族的前途和命運(yùn)，深刻改變了世界發(fā)展的趨勢和格局。在偉大建黨實(shí)踐和百年奮斗實(shí)踐中，黨形成并弘揚(yáng)堅(jiān)持真理、堅(jiān)守理想，踐行初心、擔(dān)當(dāng)使命，不怕犧牲、英勇斗爭，對黨忠誠、不負(fù)人民的偉大建黨精神，鼓舞和激勵(lì)中國共產(chǎn)黨人拼搏奮斗、砥礪前行。

The founding of the CPC was an epoch-making event which profoundly changed the course of China's history, delivered a new future for the Chinese people and nation, and had an enormous impact on the rest of the world.

During its endeavors over the past century, the CPC has developed a great spirit and carried it forward – upholding truth and ideals, staying true to its founding mission, fighting without fear of danger, and meeting the people's expectations.

This spirit has continuously inspired the CPC to forge ahead.

作為馬克思主義政黨，中國共產(chǎn)黨擺脫了以往一切政治力量追求自身特殊利益的局限，一經(jīng)誕生就把為中國人民謀幸福、為中華民族謀復(fù)興確立為自己的初心使命。它像光芒四射的燈塔，指明了中國人民前進(jìn)的道路和方向。

As a Marxist party, the CPC, unlike previous political forces, has no special interests of its own to pursue. From the outset, the CPC has made happiness for the Chinese people and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation its abiding goals. Like a beacon, it has illuminated the way forward for the Chinese people.

100年來，中國共產(chǎn)黨從成立之初的50余名黨員，發(fā)展成為擁有9500多萬名黨員、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)著14億多人口大國、具有重大全球影響力的世界第一大執(zhí)政黨，在最大的社會(huì)主義國家執(zhí)政70多年，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民開辟了實(shí)現(xiàn)民族復(fù)興和國家現(xiàn)代化的正確道路，得到了中國人民最廣泛的支持和擁護(hù)。

Over the past hundred years, the CPC has grown from a small party with just over 50 members into the largest governing party in the world, with more than 95 million members in a country of more than 1.4 billion people. It is a party of major international standing.

It has governed the world's largest socialist country for more than seven decades. It has led the Chinese people onto the path towards national rejuvenation and modernization, and it enjoys extensive support from the Chinese people.

100年來，中國共產(chǎn)黨團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)人民進(jìn)行的一切奮斗、一切犧牲、一切創(chuàng)造，歸結(jié)起來就是一個(gè)主題：實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興。以毛澤東、鄧小平、江澤民、胡錦濤、習(xí)近平同志為主要代表的中國共產(chǎn)黨人，把馬克思主義基本原理同中國具體實(shí)際相結(jié)合、同中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化相結(jié)合，在實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的道路上不斷取得勝利。

Over the past hundred years, all the struggles, sacrifices and efforts made by the CPC and by the Chinese people under its leadership have been directed to one goal – the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

China's Communists, with Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping as their chief representatives, have adapted the basic tenets of Marxism to China's realities and its traditional culture, and they have gone from victory to victory on their journey towards national rejuvenation.

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興，中國共產(chǎn)黨團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)中國人民，浴血奮戰(zhàn)、百折不撓，創(chuàng)造了新民主主義革命的偉大成就。黨團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)人民，經(jīng)過北伐戰(zhàn)爭、土地革命戰(zhàn)爭、抗日戰(zhàn)爭、解放戰(zhàn)爭，以武裝的革命反對武裝的反革命，推翻帝國主義、封建主義、官僚資本主義三座大山，建立了人民當(dāng)家作主的中華人民共和國，實(shí)現(xiàn)了民族獨(dú)立、人民解放。新民主主義革命的勝利，徹底結(jié)束了舊中國半殖民地半封建社會(huì)的歷史，徹底結(jié)束了舊中國一盤散沙的局面，徹底廢除了列強(qiáng)強(qiáng)加給中國的不平等條約和帝國主義在中國的一切特權(quán)，為實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興創(chuàng)造了根本社會(huì)條件。中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國人民以英勇頑強(qiáng)的奮斗向世界莊嚴(yán)宣告，中國人民站起來了，中華民族任人宰割、飽受欺凌的時(shí)代一去不復(fù)返了。

To realize national rejuvenation, the CPC led the Chinese people in fighting with unyielding determination, achieving great success in the New Democratic Revolution (1919-1949).

Fighting as armed revolutionaries through the Northern Expedition, the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and the War of Liberation, they defeated the counterrevolutionaries, shattered the three mountains of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucrat-capitalism, and founded the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. They secured the independence of the nation, liberated the Chinese people, and put their future in their own hands.

Victory in the New Democratic Revolution brought an end to China's semi-feudal and semi-colonial status and the disunity that plagued the country. All the unequal treaties imposed on China by imperialist powers and all the privileges they had accorded themselves were abolished. This created the fundamental conditions for realizing national rejuvenation.

By engaging in this tenacious struggle, the CPC and the Chinese people sent a powerful message to the world: The Chinese people had stood upright. The time of oppression and humiliation was over, and it would never return.

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興，中國共產(chǎn)黨團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)中國人民，自力更生、發(fā)憤圖強(qiáng)，創(chuàng)造了社會(huì)主義革命和建設(shè)的偉大成就。黨團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)人民，進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義革命，消滅在中國延續(xù)幾千年的封建剝削壓迫制度，確立社會(huì)主義基本制度，推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義建設(shè)，戰(zhàn)勝帝國主義、霸權(quán)主義的顛覆破壞和武裝挑釁，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中華民族有史以來最為廣泛而深刻的社會(huì)變革，實(shí)現(xiàn)了一窮二白、人口眾多的東方大國大步邁進(jìn)社會(huì)主義社會(huì)的偉大飛躍，為實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興奠定了根本政治前提和制度基礎(chǔ)。中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國人民以英勇頑強(qiáng)的奮斗向世界莊嚴(yán)宣告，中國人民不但善于破壞一個(gè)舊世界、也善于建設(shè)一個(gè)新世界，只有社會(huì)主義才能救中國，只有社會(huì)主義才能發(fā)展中國。

To realize national rejuvenation, the CPC led the Chinese people in a dedicated effort to build a strong China, and they achieved great success.

By carrying out the socialist revolution in China, they brought to an end several thousand years of feudalism – a system exploitative and repressive by its very nature – and established socialism as China's fundamental political system. In the course of building socialism, they overcame subversion, sabotage, and armed provocation by imperialist and hegemonic powers, and brought about the most extensive and profound social changes in the history of the Chinese nation. This great transformation of a poor, backward and populous country in the East into a modern socialist China created the fundamental political conditions and laid down the institutional foundations necessary for realizing national rejuvenation.

By succeeding in their tenacious struggle, the CPC and the Chinese people showed the world that they were equally capable of changing the old China and building a new one. They showed the world that only socialism could save China, and that socialism could deliver development to China.

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興，中國共產(chǎn)黨團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)中國人民，解放思想、銳意進(jìn)取，創(chuàng)造了改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的偉大成就。黨團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)人民，實(shí)現(xiàn)新中國成立以來黨的歷史上具有深遠(yuǎn)意義的偉大轉(zhuǎn)折，確立黨在社會(huì)主義初級階段的基本路線，堅(jiān)定不移推進(jìn)改革開放，戰(zhàn)勝來自各方面的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，開創(chuàng)、堅(jiān)持、捍衛(wèi)、發(fā)展中國特色社會(huì)主義，實(shí)現(xiàn)了從高度集中的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制到充滿活力的社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、從封閉半封閉到全方位開放的歷史性轉(zhuǎn)變，實(shí)現(xiàn)了從生產(chǎn)力相對落后的狀況到經(jīng)濟(jì)總量躍居世界第二的歷史性突破，實(shí)現(xiàn)了人民生活從溫飽不足到總體小康、奔向全面小康的歷史性跨越，為實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興提供了充滿新的活力的體制保證和快速發(fā)展的物質(zhì)條件。中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國人民以英勇頑強(qiáng)的奮斗向世界莊嚴(yán)宣告，改革開放是決定當(dāng)代中國前途命運(yùn)的關(guān)鍵一招，中國大踏步趕上了時(shí)代。

To realize national rejuvenation, the CPC led the Chinese people in freeing their minds and forging ahead, achieving great success in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.

The CPC led the people in making a great transition after the founding of the People's Republic by laying down its general guidelines for the primary stage of socialism. It advanced reform and opening up with resolve, overcame risks and challenges from every direction, and founded, upheld, and developed socialism with Chinese characteristics.

This enabled China to transform itself from a highly centralized planned economy into a socialist market economy full of vitality, and from a largely closed country to one that is open to the world on all fronts. It also enabled China to achieve a historic leap – from a country constrained by backward productive forces to the world's second largest economy – and to make a historic transformation by raising the living standards of its people from bare subsistence to general prosperity.

These achievements fueled the push towards national rejuvenation by providing robust institutional conditions and the material base for rapid development.

By succeeding in their tenacious struggle, the CPC and the Chinese people showed the world that reform and opening up has been critical in making China what it is today. China has made great strides and caught up with the times.

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興，中國共產(chǎn)黨團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)中國人民，自信自強(qiáng)、守正創(chuàng)新，統(tǒng)攬偉大斗爭、偉大工程、偉大事業(yè)、偉大夢想，創(chuàng)造了新時(shí)代中國特色社會(huì)主義的偉大成就。黨的十八大以來，中國特色社會(huì)主義進(jìn)入新時(shí)代，黨團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)人民，堅(jiān)持和加強(qiáng)黨的全面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)“五位一體”總體布局【“五位一體”總體布局，指中國特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)總體布局，包括經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)建設(shè)、生態(tài)文明建設(shè)?！俊f(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局【“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，指中國特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)戰(zhàn)略布局，包括全面建成小康社會(huì)、全面深化改革、全面依法治國、全面從嚴(yán)治黨。黨的十九屆五中全會(huì)根據(jù)形勢任務(wù)發(fā)展，將“全面建成小康社會(huì)”改為“全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國家”?！浚瑘?jiān)持和完善中國特色社會(huì)主義制度、推進(jìn)國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化，堅(jiān)持依規(guī)治黨、形成比較完善的黨內(nèi)法規(guī)體系，戰(zhàn)勝一系列重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)第一個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)，明確實(shí)現(xiàn)第二個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)的戰(zhàn)略安排，黨和國家事業(yè)取得歷史性成就、發(fā)生歷史性變革，為實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興提供了更為完善的制度保證、更為堅(jiān)實(shí)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)、更為主動(dòng)的精神力量。中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國人民以英勇頑強(qiáng)的奮斗向世界莊嚴(yán)宣告，中華民族迎來了從站起來、富起來到強(qiáng)起來的偉大飛躍，實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興進(jìn)入了不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的歷史進(jìn)程。

To realize national rejuvenation, the CPC has led the Chinese people in carrying out their great struggle, launching a great initiative, advancing their great cause, fulfilling their great dream, and achieving great success for socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

The 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012 marked a new era for socialism with Chinese characteristics. In this new era, the Party has strengthened its overall leadership, coordinated the implementation of the Five-sphere Integrated Plan [ This is China's overall plan for building socialism with Chinese characteristics, that is, to promote coordinated progress in the economic, political, cultural, social and eco-environmental fields. ] and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy [ This is China's strategic plan for building socialism with Chinese characteristics, that is, to make comprehensive moves to complete a moderately prosperous society in all respects, to further reform, to advance the rule of law, and to strengthen Party self-governance. After the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, "finishing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects" was turned into "building a modern socialist country in an all-round way" in accordance with the actual conditions.], upheld and improved the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and modernized China's system and capacity for governance.

It has adopted a full range of intra-Party regulations and exercised rule-based internal management. It has overcome significant risks and challenges, achieved the First Centenary Goal [ This is the goal set by the CPC at its 18th National Congress, to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC in 2021. – Tr.], and adopted a strategic plan to fulfill the Second Centenary Goal [ This is the goal set by the CPC at its 18th National Congress to build China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the centenary of the PRC in 2049. This goal was further defined by the CPC at its 19th National Congress in October 2017 as to develop China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the 21st century. – Tr.]. All these efforts have provided robust institutional conditions, strong material foundations, and a source of inspiration for advancing the cause of national rejuvenation.

By succeeding in their tenacious struggle, the CPC and the Chinese people have shown the world that the Chinese nation has achieved the tremendous transformation from standing upright to becoming prosperous and growing in strength, and that China's rejuvenation is an unstoppable historical force.

2021年7月1日，習(xí)近平總書記在慶祝中國共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年大會(huì)上莊嚴(yán)宣告：“經(jīng)過全黨全國各族人民持續(xù)奮斗，我們實(shí)現(xiàn)了第一個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)，在中華大地上全面建成了小康社會(huì)，歷史性地解決了絕對貧困問題，正在意氣風(fēng)發(fā)向著全面建成社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國的第二個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。這是中華民族的偉大光榮！這是中國人民的偉大光榮！這是中國共產(chǎn)黨的偉大光榮！”全面建成小康社會(huì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中華民族的千年夢想、百年夙愿，兌現(xiàn)了中國共產(chǎn)黨向人民、向歷史作出的莊嚴(yán)承諾，顯著縮小了世界貧困版圖，為人類發(fā)展進(jìn)步作出重要貢獻(xiàn)。

At the ceremony marking the centenary of the CPC held on July 1, 2021, General Secretary Xi Jinping declared that thanks to the continued efforts of the whole Party and the entire nation, China has realized the First Centenary Goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. This means that it has put an end to absolute poverty in China, and is now marching in confident strides towards the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country. This is a glorious achievement for the Chinese nation, for the Chinese people, and for the Communist Party of China.

Finishing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects means realizing a millennia-old dream and a century-old hope of the Chinese nation and fulfilling the solemn promise the CPC made to the people and history. In substantially reducing the world's poverty-stricken population, China has made an outstanding contribution to human progress.

100年來，中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民改寫了近代以后中華民族的屈辱歷史，改變了近代以后中國人民的悲慘命運(yùn)。沒有共產(chǎn)黨，就沒有新中國，就沒有中華民族偉大復(fù)興，這是中國人民依據(jù)中國革命、建設(shè)、改革的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)得出的最基本、最重要的結(jié)論，是中國人民基于切身體會(huì)所確認(rèn)的深刻認(rèn)識(shí)。中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，是歷史的選擇、人民的選擇，是黨和國家的根本所在、命脈所在，是全國各族人民的利益所系、命運(yùn)所系。

Over the past hundred years, the CPC has led the Chinese people in ending the humiliation and misery inflicted on them in the modern era. Without the CPC, there would be no new China and no national rejuvenation. This is a fact that is clear to the Chinese people based on China's achievements in revolution, reconstruction, and reform.

The leadership of the CPC is the choice of history and the people. This leadership is vital for the future of the country, the nation, and the Party itself.

100年來，中國共產(chǎn)黨團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)中國人民，以“為有犧牲多壯志，敢教日月?lián)Q新天”的大無畏氣概，書寫了中華民族幾千年歷史上最恢宏的史詩。這100年來開辟的偉大道路、創(chuàng)造的偉大事業(yè)、取得的偉大成就，必將載入中華民族發(fā)展史冊、人類文明發(fā)展史冊！

Over the past hundred years, through its dauntless efforts to create a new China, the CPC has led the Chinese people in writing the most magnificent chapter in the millennia-long history of the Chinese nation. The great path they have embarked upon, the great cause they have undertaken, and the great achievements they have made over the past century will go down in the annals of the Chinese nation and humanity.

一、全心全意為人民服務(wù)

I. Serving the People Wholeheartedly

中國共產(chǎn)黨是中國工人階級的先鋒隊(duì)，同時(shí)是中國人民和中華民族的先鋒隊(duì)，全心全意為人民服務(wù)是黨的根本宗旨。江山就是人民、人民就是江山，黨打江山、守江山，守的是人民的心。來自人民、依靠人民、為了人民，是100年來中國共產(chǎn)黨的發(fā)展邏輯和勝利密碼。

The Communist Party of China is the vanguard of China's working class, the Chinese people, and the Chinese nation. Serving the people wholeheartedly is its abiding mission. The country is the people and the people are the country. The Party's struggle to found a new China and develop it is for the people. Of the people, by the people, for the people – this is what has guided the CPC from victory to victory over the past century.

（一）把人民放在心中最高位置

1. Putting the People First

中國共產(chǎn)黨是為人民奮斗的政黨，始終把人民放在第一位，堅(jiān)持尊重社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)律和尊重人民歷史主體地位的一致性，堅(jiān)持為崇高理想奮斗和為最廣大人民謀利益的一致性，堅(jiān)持完成黨的各項(xiàng)工作和實(shí)現(xiàn)人民利益的一致性，不斷把為人民造福事業(yè)推向前進(jìn)。

The CPC is dedicated to the people and forever puts their interests first. It follows the underlying trends of social development and respects the people's principal role in making history. It pursues the lofty goal of working for the wellbeing of the Chinese people; and does everything in the interests of the people.

來自人民，植根人民。中國共產(chǎn)黨是在中國人民反抗封建統(tǒng)治和外來侵略的激烈斗爭中，在馬克思列寧主義同中國工人運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)合中誕生的。黨從誕生之日起就有著廣泛的代表性，不僅代表中國工人階級，同時(shí)代表中國人民和中華民族。黨沒有任何自己特殊的利益，從來不代表任何利益集團(tuán)、任何權(quán)勢團(tuán)體、任何特權(quán)階層的利益，而是為人民謀幸福、為民族謀復(fù)興。黨的奮斗目標(biāo)和人民的希望訴求相一致，黨與人民一體同心、休戚與共、生死相依。黨得到人民廣泛支持，從人民中獲得力量，歷經(jīng)挫折卻不斷發(fā)展壯大。中國共產(chǎn)黨黨員是勞動(dòng)人民的普通一員，他們熱愛生活，勤奮工作，真誠樸實(shí)，重情重義，在日常生產(chǎn)、工作、學(xué)習(xí)和社會(huì)生活中發(fā)揮先鋒模范作用，面對困難和危險(xiǎn)能夠?yàn)楸Ｗo(hù)國家和人民利益挺身而出、英勇斗爭、不怕犧牲。既來自人民又有先進(jìn)性，既保持先進(jìn)又不失人民本色，共產(chǎn)黨員就是這樣一群既普通又不普通的中國人。

The CPC is rooted in the people. It was born in 1921 in the great struggle against feudal rule and foreign aggression, at a time when Marxism-Leninism became integrated with China's workers movement. From the very day of its creation, the CPC has represented China's working class, the Chinese people, and the Chinese nation. It has no special interests of its own, nor does it represent any interest group, establishment group, or privileged social group. Its only goals are to deliver happiness for the people and achieve national rejuvenation.

The CPC shares the same goals as the people, and it shares a common stake with the people. Drawing support and strength from the people, the Party has grown in strength in the fight to overcome every challenge.

Members of the CPC are ordinary people. They love life and are hard working. They are sincere, open and compassionate. But they are also vanguards and role models in daily life, work, and public activities. They are the first to step forward in case of challenges and dangers, fearless and ready to give their all for the country and the people. They emerge from the people and lead them to go forward. They are Communists – citizens of China both ordinary and extraordinary at the same time.

把人民裝在心里，鐫刻在自己的旗幟上。從“為人民服務(wù)”，到“把人民擁護(hù)不擁護(hù)、贊成不贊成、高興不高興、答應(yīng)不答應(yīng)作為制定方針政策和作出決斷的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和歸宿”“代表最廣大人民的根本利益”“實(shí)現(xiàn)好、維護(hù)好、發(fā)展好最廣大人民的根本利益”，再到“人民對美好生活的向往，就是我們的奮斗目標(biāo)”，黨全心全意為人民服務(wù)的根本宗旨一以貫之、堅(jiān)定不移。黨的所有工作，不論是開展革命斗爭、建立武裝力量、構(gòu)建政治制度、進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)，還是推進(jìn)改革開放、推動(dòng)文化發(fā)展、創(chuàng)新社會(huì)治理等，都以人民利益為根本考量。在中國，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民建立的國家稱為“中華人民共和國”，各級政府稱為“人民政府”，黨締造的軍隊(duì)稱為“人民解放軍”，黨的干部稱為“人民公仆”，黨中央的機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)稱為“人民日報(bào)”，中央銀行稱為“人民銀行”，等等?！叭嗣瘛倍稚钌钊谌朦h的血脈，成為中國共產(chǎn)黨人薪火相傳、永不磨滅的精神基因。

From its very beginning, the CPC has striven to serve the people and won their support and endorsement. It represents the fundamental interests of all the Chinese, and everything it does is to realize, safeguard and advance their interests. Meeting the people's expectation for a better life is its goal.

The people's interests are behind everything the Party does – leading revolution, building the armed forces, developing political institutions, boosting the economy, carrying out reform and opening up, developing culture, and exploring better ways of running society.

In China, the state founded by the people under CPC leadership is called the People's Republic of China; its government is called the people's government, the armed forces are called the People's Liberation Army; and Party officials are people's servants. The Party Central Committee's newspaper is the People's Daily, and China's central bank is called the People's Bank. The people are the lifeblood of the Party; indeed, they are the inexhaustible source of inspiration giving the Party all the strength it needs to fulfill its mission.

把最廣大人民根本利益作為作決策、定政策的最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在革命、建設(shè)、改革的不同歷史時(shí)期，在事關(guān)黨和國家前途命運(yùn)的重大歷史關(guān)頭，黨都是從人民利益出發(fā)，對人民有利的就堅(jiān)持去做，對人民不利的就堅(jiān)決反對。黨把發(fā)展作為執(zhí)政興國的第一要?jiǎng)?wù)，堅(jiān)持發(fā)展是硬道理，不斷解放和發(fā)展社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力，不斷提高發(fā)展質(zhì)量和水平，不斷滿足人民過上美好生活的新期待。黨的十八大以來，黨堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，在促進(jìn)共同富裕、實(shí)現(xiàn)公平正義上推出一系列開創(chuàng)性舉措，從全面建成小康社會(huì)一個(gè)都不能少到抗擊新冠肺炎疫情救治病患不惜一切代價(jià)，從打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)、實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略到推進(jìn)以人為核心的新型城鎮(zhèn)化，從“綠水青山就是金山銀山”到“房子是用來住的、不是用來炒的”，從防止資本無序擴(kuò)張到讓人民群眾在每一宗司法案件中感受到公平正義，人民享有更多實(shí)實(shí)在在的發(fā)展成果。100年來，不論國內(nèi)國際形勢如何變化，不管順境還是逆境，黨把人民放在心中最高位置，從來沒有改變過、動(dòng)搖過、遲疑過。

The CPC makes decisions and adopts policies in the fundamental interests of the people. At different stages of China's revolution, reconstruction and reform, and at historical junctures critical to the future of the Party and the country, the Party has always acted to advance the people's interests and oppose any action that harms them.

The Party has taken sound development as its top priority in governance. It has unleashed and developed the productive forces to meet the people's expectation for a better life.

Since its 18th National Congress, the CPC has followed a people-centered philosophy; it has launched a full range of initiatives to achieve common prosperity and uphold fairness and justice.

It has delivered initial prosperity for all. It has fought Covid-19 and saved lives no matter the cost. It has eradicated absolute poverty in the country, implemented the rural revitalization strategy, and promoted a new people-focused urbanization strategy. The vision that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets inspires the drive to protect the environment.

Determined that housing is for living in, not for speculation, the CPC has taken clear steps to keep the housing market under control. It sees that the capital market is properly regulated. It also sees that justice is served in every judicial case. All of this has enabled the people to fully share the country's development gains.

Over the past century, through all the changes in the domestic and international environment, whether in good times or bad, the CPC has always put the people first. It has never wavered in fulfilling this commitment.

為人民付出巨大犧牲。從1921年到1949年，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的革命隊(duì)伍中，有名可查的烈士就達(dá)370多萬人。和平建設(shè)時(shí)期，在抗震救災(zāi)、抗洪搶險(xiǎn)、應(yīng)對突發(fā)事件等急難險(xiǎn)重任務(wù)中，哪里有困難和危險(xiǎn)，哪里就有共產(chǎn)黨員。新冠肺炎疫情發(fā)生以來，近400名黨員、干部為抗擊疫情獻(xiàn)出了寶貴生命。脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)中，1800多名黨員、干部將生命定格在脫貧攻堅(jiān)征程上。為人民犧牲的共產(chǎn)黨員中，既有普通黨員，也有黨的高級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部，還有黨的領(lǐng)袖的家人和親屬。毛澤東同志有六位親人為革命而犧牲，其中五位是共產(chǎn)黨員。

The CPC has made great sacrifices for the people. From the founding of the CPC in 1921 to the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, more than 3.7 million identified members of organizations under Party leadership gave their lives to liberate the country. Of the six family members of Mao Zedong who died for the revolution, five were Party members.

In peaceful times, too, during disaster relief efforts after earthquakes, floods and other emergencies, Party members have rushed to the scene and risked their own lives to save the lives of others. Since the Covid-19 outbreak, close to 400 Party members and officials have lost their lives in the line of duty. More than 1,800 Party members and officials also gave their lives in the battle against absolute poverty.

Among all those who have died were rank and file Party members, senior officials, and family members of top Party leaders.

（二）依靠人民不斷取得勝利

2. From Victory to Victory with the People

中國共產(chǎn)黨是為人民服務(wù)的政黨，始終相信和依靠人民，最廣泛地發(fā)動(dòng)和組織人民為著自己的利益而奮斗。黨創(chuàng)立和堅(jiān)持一切為了群眾，一切依靠群眾，從群眾中來，到群眾中去的群眾路線，與人民有福同享、有難同當(dāng)，有鹽同咸、無鹽同淡，緊緊依靠人民戰(zhàn)勝一個(gè)又一個(gè)困難、取得一個(gè)又一個(gè)勝利。

The CPC works in the service of the people. It trusts and relies on the people and mobilizes them to fight for their interests. It follows the mass line, a principle of "from the people, to the people". It has shared good times and hard times with the people, and it has led them in surmounting all obstacles and making great strides forward.

中國共產(chǎn)黨依靠人民，從小到大、從弱到強(qiáng)，打敗了強(qiáng)大的內(nèi)外敵人，取得了新民主主義革命勝利。土地革命戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期，黨發(fā)動(dòng)群眾參加革命、支持革命，粉碎了國民黨軍隊(duì)的一次次“圍剿”。抗日戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期，黨凝聚起人民偉力，使日本侵略者陷入人民戰(zhàn)爭的汪洋大海。解放戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期，人民群眾通過肩挑背負(fù)、小車推送運(yùn)送大量物資，為人民解放軍取得三大戰(zhàn)役【三大戰(zhàn)役，指1948年9月至1949年1月在解放戰(zhàn)爭進(jìn)入奪取全國勝利的決定性階段，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的中國人民解放軍向國民黨軍隊(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)的遼沈、淮海、平津三大戰(zhàn)役。三大戰(zhàn)役使國民黨賴以維持其反動(dòng)統(tǒng)治的主要軍事力量基本上被摧毀。】決定性勝利提供了巨大支持。在進(jìn)步與反動(dòng)、正義與非正義的較量中，國民黨反動(dòng)派依靠的是碉堡，中國共產(chǎn)黨依靠的是人民；日本侵略者依靠的是強(qiáng)大軍力，中國共產(chǎn)黨依靠的是中國人民。

By relying on the people, the CPC rose and grew strong. It gained the strength it needed to beat powerful enemies, both inside and outside China, and to win victory in the New Democratic Revolution.

During this revolution, in the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the CPC galvanized extensive public support and defeated the first four Kuomintang (KMT) encirclement and suppression campaigns. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Party mobilized the people and overwhelmed the enemy with a vast people's war. During the War of Liberation, with supplies transported in wheelbarrows and on people's shoulders, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) secured decisive victories against the KMT troops in the three major campaigns. [ This refers to the three major campaigns fought between PLA forces under CPC leadership and KMT forces in the Liaoxi-Shenyang, Huai-Hai and Beiping-Tianjin areas between September 1948 and January 1949. In this decisive period for securing overall victory, the CPC defeated the main forces of the KMT.]

In these contests between progressives and reactionaries and between justice and injustice, the KMT forces shielded themselves in ironclad fortresses, and the Japanese invaders put their faith in their military superiority. However by relying on the people, the CPC defeated them all.

中國共產(chǎn)黨依靠人民，建立新中國，進(jìn)行轟轟烈烈的社會(huì)主義革命和建設(shè)，在滿目瘡痍、一窮二白的爛攤子上干出了一片新天地。新中國的成立，結(jié)束了中國人民受奴役受壓迫的歷史。站立起來的中國人民，以新國家新社會(huì)主人的嶄新姿態(tài)，以巨大的革命熱情，為國家、為民族拼搏奮斗。新中國在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)建立起獨(dú)立的、比較完整的工業(yè)體系和國民經(jīng)濟(jì)體系，在核技術(shù)、人造衛(wèi)星、運(yùn)載火箭等尖端科學(xué)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)零的突破，國家建設(shè)取得巨大成就。

By relying on the people, the CPC founded the People's Republic, carried out socialist revolution, and engaged in rebuilding the country from scratch. The founding of the People's Republic marked the ultimate moment of freedom for the Chinese people from the yoke of slavery and oppression. Now masters of their own country, the people threw themselves into reconstruction to create a bright future for the country and the nation.

In just a few years, an independent and substantial industrial and economic system took shape in China. Groundbreaking successes were achieved in nuclear technology, satellites, carrier rockets and other cutting-edge technologies, and major advances were made in China's overall development.

中國共產(chǎn)黨依靠人民，推進(jìn)改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，走出一條中國特色社會(huì)主義道路。改革開放極大解放了中國人民的思想，激發(fā)了人們的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)造熱情。從家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制到鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)異軍突起，從農(nóng)村改革到城市改革，從建設(shè)經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)到“引進(jìn)來”“走出去”，中國人民敢闖敢試、勇于創(chuàng)新，在中國大地上掀起前所未有的改革熱潮，為中國注入創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展的強(qiáng)大動(dòng)力。中國人民用自己的辛勞和汗水，一磚一瓦建造起中國現(xiàn)代化的高樓大廈，實(shí)現(xiàn)了當(dāng)代人類社會(huì)最偉大的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型。

By relying on the people, the CPC carried out reform, opening up and socialist modernization, pioneering a path of socialism that is distinctively Chinese.

The reform and opening-up initiative launched by the CPC in 1978 freed people's minds, inspiring them to boldly explore new frontiers. The household contract system was introduced in rural areas, and village and township businesses flourished. The setting up of special economic zones connected China to the world, enabling it to introduce foreign technology and capital and export Chinese products. Waves of reform swept across the country, powering China's development. With dedication and resolve, the Chinese people achieved great success in modernization, completing the greatest social and economic transformation the world has ever seen.

中國共產(chǎn)黨依靠人民，推動(dòng)黨和國家事業(yè)發(fā)生歷史性變革、取得歷史性成就，推動(dòng)中國特色社會(huì)主義進(jìn)入新時(shí)代。黨的十八大以來，黨以中國夢凝聚力量，以抓改革激發(fā)活力，以改作風(fēng)振奮人心，極大提振了人民的精氣神。中國人民高揚(yáng)中華民族偉大創(chuàng)造精神、偉大奮斗精神、偉大團(tuán)結(jié)精神、偉大夢想精神，建小康、戰(zhàn)貧困、促改革、抗疫情、治污染、化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，擼起袖子加油干，一張藍(lán)圖繪到底，形成奮進(jìn)新時(shí)代的強(qiáng)大力量，創(chuàng)造了讓世界刮目相看的奇跡，在中國特色社會(huì)主義道路上昂首邁進(jìn)、闊步向前。

By relying on the people, the CPC has ushered Chinese socialism into a new era. Since its 18th National Congress, the Party has galvanized the whole nation to realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation and boosted economic vitality with further reform. Its successful internal initiatives to improve Party conduct have boosted public morale.

The Chinese people have given of their best and fully released their power of creation in pursuit of their shared dreams. They have carried out further reform and achieved all-round initial prosperity. They have eradicated absolute poverty. They have fought side by side in the battle against Covid-19. They have reined in environmental pollution. And they have succeeded in keeping systemic risks at bay. Their hard work has made it possible for China to turn its blueprint for development into reality. Together, the Chinese people are creating miracles that stun the world. Proud and confident, they are pressing ahead on the path of Chinese socialism.

100年來，億萬中華兒女把熱血、汗水灑在中國大地上，為實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興頑強(qiáng)斗爭、奮力拼搏，創(chuàng)造了彪炳史冊的豐功偉績，書寫了光耀千秋的英雄史詩。人民是歷史的創(chuàng)造者，人民是黨的力量源泉，中國人民是偉大、光榮、英雄的人民，中國共產(chǎn)黨的百年發(fā)展史深刻說明了這個(gè)顛撲不破的真理。

Over the past century, hundreds of millions of Chinese have dedicated themselves to realizing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Their contribution will go down in the annals of history; their epic deeds will be remembered by posterity. The people have created history, and they are the source of the Party's strength. The Chinese are a great, glorious, and heroic people – this is a fact fully borne out by the 100-year history of the CPC.

（三）實(shí)現(xiàn)人民當(dāng)家作主

3. The People as Masters of the Country

人民當(dāng)家作主是中國共產(chǎn)黨矢志不渝的奮斗目標(biāo)。100年來，黨高舉人民民主旗幟，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民在一個(gè)有幾千年封建社會(huì)歷史、近代成為半殖民地半封建社會(huì)的國家實(shí)現(xiàn)了人民民主。民主從價(jià)值理念成為扎根中國大地的制度形態(tài)和治理機(jī)制，貫穿黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民進(jìn)行革命、建設(shè)、改革的全過程，覆蓋國家治理的各環(huán)節(jié)，體現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的各方面，中國人民真正成為國家、社會(huì)和自己命運(yùn)的主人。

The people should run their own country – this is an abiding commitment of the CPC. Over the past hundred years, it has led the people in realizing people's democracy in China, a country with a feudal history dating back several thousand years that descended into a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society after the Opium War.

Under the CPC's leadership, democracy has been practiced in the whole process of the country's revolution, reconstruction and reform, in all aspects of governance, and in every field of economic and social life. Democracy, a shared value, has taken root in China as a political institution and mechanism of governance, and the Chinese people now truly hold in their own hands the future of the country, society and themselves.

為實(shí)現(xiàn)人民民主不斷探索。新民主主義革命時(shí)期，黨提出工農(nóng)民主、人民民主等政治主張，創(chuàng)立工農(nóng)兵代表蘇維埃、參議會(huì)、各界人民代表會(huì)議等民主形式。新中國成立后，確立了人民民主專政的國體和人民代表大會(huì)制度的政體，人民當(dāng)家做了主人。改革開放新時(shí)期，黨把堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人民當(dāng)家作主、依法治國有機(jī)統(tǒng)一，確立為中國特色社會(huì)主義民主政治的基本原則。黨的十八大以來，黨明確提出評價(jià)一個(gè)國家的政治制度是不是民主、有效的八條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)【2014年9月5日，習(xí)近平在慶祝全國人民代表大會(huì)成立60周年大會(huì)上講話指出：評價(jià)一個(gè)國家政治制度是不是民主的、有效的，主要看國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層能否依法有序更替，全體人民能否依法管理國家事務(wù)和社會(huì)事務(wù)、管理經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化事業(yè)，人民群眾能否暢通表達(dá)利益要求，社會(huì)各方面能否有效參與國家政治生活，國家決策能否實(shí)現(xiàn)科學(xué)化、民主化，各方面人才能否通過公平競爭進(jìn)入國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理體系，執(zhí)政黨能否依照憲法法律規(guī)定實(shí)現(xiàn)對國家事務(wù)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，權(quán)力運(yùn)用能否得到有效制約和監(jiān)督?！?，進(jìn)一步豐富了中國特色社會(huì)主義政治發(fā)展道路的核心內(nèi)涵；把民主政治建設(shè)作為國家政治生活中管根本、管全局、管長遠(yuǎn)的重大問題，以保證人民當(dāng)家作主為根本，以增強(qiáng)黨和國家活力、調(diào)動(dòng)人民積極性為目標(biāo)，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大社會(huì)主義民主，推進(jìn)選舉民主，發(fā)展協(xié)商民主。

The CPC has made unremitting efforts to explore new ways of realizing people's democracy.

During the New Democratic Revolution, the Party committed to developing workers' and peasants' democracy and people's democracy, and set up Soviet congresses of workers, peasants and soldiers, assemblies of representatives, and representative conferences of people from all sectors.

When the People's Republic of China was founded, the people's democratic dictatorship was adopted as the governing system, and the system of people's congresses was instituted as the governing structure, thus enabling the people to run their own country.

Since the launch of reform and opening up, the CPC has worked to ensure the Party's leadership, the people's position as the masters of the country, and law-based governance, which have become fundamental principles of democratic socialism with distinctive Chinese features.

Since its 18th National Congress, the CPC has set Eight Criteria [ At the meeting marking the 60th anniversary of the National People's Congress in 2014, President Xi Jinping said the following: The best way to judge whether a country's political system is democratic and works is to see whether the succession of its leaders is conducted in an orderly way in accordance with the law, whether government affairs and social, economic and cultural affairs are managed by all the people in accordance with the law, whether the public freely voice demands to advance their interests, whether all stakeholders in society are fully involved in the country's political process, whether government decisions are made in a sound and democratic way, whether outstanding individuals in all sectors can enter government leadership teams and the governance system through fair competition, whether the governing party exercises leadership over government affairs in accordance with the Constitution and the law, and whether the exercise of power is kept under effective checks and supervision. ] to ensure that China's political system is a democratic one that delivers, and these criteria underpin the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The Party takes the development of democracy as a matter of comprehensive and far-reaching significance. To ensure the people's principal position, improve the performance of the Party and the state, and arouse the people's enthusiasm, the Party has expanded socialist democracy, advanced electoral democracy, and developed consultative democracy.

人民代表大會(huì)制度是中國的根本政治制度，是中國共產(chǎn)黨保障人民當(dāng)家作主的偉大創(chuàng)造。黨傾聽人民呼聲，了解人民意愿，匯聚人民智慧，并形成黨的政策主張。通過黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)立法工作、全國人民代表大會(huì)及其常務(wù)委員會(huì)主導(dǎo)立法工作的制度安排，黨的主張經(jīng)法定程序成為國家的憲法法律，并成為全國各族人民、一切國家機(jī)關(guān)和武裝力量、各政黨和各社會(huì)團(tuán)體、各企事業(yè)組織應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循的行為規(guī)則。人民代表大會(huì)制度確保了黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人民當(dāng)家作主、依法治國有機(jī)統(tǒng)一，實(shí)現(xiàn)了黨的主張、人民意愿與國家意志相一致。黨的十八大以來，人民代表大會(huì)制度不斷鞏固和發(fā)展，人大代表與群眾全面聯(lián)系的機(jī)制進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)，人大代表行使代表職權(quán)得到更好保證，人大及其常委會(huì)職能作用得到充分發(fā)揮。

Instituted by the CPC, the system of people's congresses is China's fundamental political system. The Party fully solicits the views of the people and heeds their voices, and formulates its policies accordingly.

In a framework under which the Party exercises leadership over the law-making process, and the National People's Congress (NPC) and its Standing Committee exercise the power of legislation, the Party's core beliefs have, through proper legal procedures, been written into the Constitution, the law, and codes of conduct for all the people, state institutions, the armed forces, political parties, social organizations, enterprises and public institutions. The system of people's congresses ensures the CPC's leadership, the people's position as masters of the country, and law-based governance, and it gives full expression to the guidelines of the CPC, the will of the state, and the expectations of the people. This system has been further consolidated and developed since the 18th National Congress of the CPC. The mechanism to ensure that deputies to people's congresses engage with the people has been strengthened, enabling them to better perform their duties, and enabling the people's congresses and their standing committees to better play their roles.

在堅(jiān)持和完善人民代表大會(huì)制度的同時(shí)，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民創(chuàng)立和發(fā)展中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度、民族區(qū)域自治制度、基層群眾自治制度等基本政治制度，形成了人民當(dāng)家作主制度體系。協(xié)商民主是中國特色社會(huì)主義民主政治中獨(dú)特的、獨(dú)有的、獨(dú)到的民主形式，包括政黨協(xié)商、人大協(xié)商、政府協(xié)商、政協(xié)協(xié)商、人民團(tuán)體協(xié)商、基層協(xié)商、社會(huì)組織協(xié)商等七種協(xié)商渠道，極大豐富了民主形式、拓寬了民主渠道、加深了民主內(nèi)涵。民族區(qū)域自治制度是中國特色解決民族問題正確道路的重要內(nèi)容和制度保障，既保證了國家團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一，又實(shí)現(xiàn)了各民族共同當(dāng)家作主，推動(dòng)了民族地區(qū)發(fā)展，促進(jìn)了民族團(tuán)結(jié)，56個(gè)民族像石榴籽一樣緊緊抱在一起，極大增強(qiáng)了中華民族凝聚力、向心力。基層群眾自治制度有力保障了居民群眾對城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)公共事務(wù)以及公益事業(yè)直接行使民主權(quán)利，基層治理和諧有序、充滿活力。以職工代表大會(huì)為基本形式的企事業(yè)單位民主管理制度，對于保障職工的合法權(quán)益和主人翁地位，調(diào)動(dòng)職工積極性，推動(dòng)企事業(yè)單位發(fā)展，發(fā)揮了積極作用。

In addition to practicing and improving the system of people's congresses, the CPC has led the people in establishing and developing a number of other political systems, including the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of community-level self-governance. These systems ensure that the people run their country.

Consultative democracy is a distinctive feature of China's socialist democracy. It means consultation among political parties, people's congresses, government departments, committees of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), people's organizations, communities, and social organizations. It has enriched democracy by expanding its forms and channels.

The system of regional ethnic autonomy provides an institutional base for all ethnic groups to run the country together. It fully protects the equal rights of all 56 ethnic groups and the power of self-governance in ethnic autonomous areas, underpins development in ethnic minority areas, and reinforces ethnic unity.

Under the system of community-level self-governance, urban and rural residents directly exercise their democratic right to manage community affairs and programs for public benefit. Community-level governance in China is a dynamic, harmonious and orderly process.

The system of democratic management by employees congresses in enterprises and public institutions plays an active role in protecting the lawful rights and interests of the employees. It ensures they run their own affairs, enhances vitality of these organizations, and helps them to flourish and prosper.

發(fā)展全過程人民民主。人民民主的真諦是有事好商量、眾人的事情由眾人商量，找到全社會(huì)意愿和要求的最大公約數(shù)。在長期探索實(shí)踐中，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民發(fā)展全過程人民民主，人民依法享有廣泛權(quán)利和自由，通過多種渠道和途徑行使民主權(quán)利，不只體現(xiàn)在幾年一次的投票選舉上，還體現(xiàn)在關(guān)系國計(jì)民生的重大公共事務(wù)決策上；不只體現(xiàn)在民主選舉環(huán)節(jié)，還體現(xiàn)在民主協(xié)商、民主決策、民主管理、民主監(jiān)督等國家治理其他環(huán)節(jié)；不只體現(xiàn)在政治領(lǐng)域，還廣泛深入到經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、社會(huì)等領(lǐng)域，成為人們?nèi)粘９ぷ骱蜕a(chǎn)生活的組成部分。在中國，人民享有廣泛充分、真實(shí)具體、有效管用的民主，人民的民主生活豐富多彩。如今的中國，早已遠(yuǎn)離了禁錮和封閉，民主蔚然成風(fēng)，人們心情舒暢，社會(huì)充滿活力。

The CPC conducts whole-process democracy. This practice is supported by public consultation, under which public issues are discussed by all those involved to reach extensive consensus.

Under whole-process democracy, the people exercise their democratic rights through a variety of channels – in regular elections, and through involvement in decision-making on major public affairs that are important to the economy and people's lives. This democracy is conducted not only by means of elections, but also through democratic consultation, decision-making, management, scrutiny, and other mechanisms of governance. It is not only a political activity; it also relates to economic, cultural, social and other fields. Indeed, it has become an integral part of daily life and work.

The Chinese people enjoy extensive democratic rights. The days of isolation are gone in China, and democracy is the order of the day. The Chinese people now live in contentment, and Chinese society is full of vitality.

中國的民主植根中國歷史文化，符合中國國情，得到人民擁護(hù)。民主實(shí)現(xiàn)形式是多樣的，適合的就是最好的。民主是全人類共同價(jià)值，不是某個(gè)國家的“專利”。世界上沒有定于一尊的民主形式。評判一種民主形式，關(guān)鍵要看它是否適應(yīng)本國歷史文化，是否符合本國現(xiàn)實(shí)國情，能否帶來政治穩(wěn)定、社會(huì)進(jìn)步、民生改善，能否得到人民的支持和擁護(hù)，能否為人類進(jìn)步事業(yè)作出貢獻(xiàn)。中國共產(chǎn)黨堅(jiān)定不移走中國特色社會(huì)主義政治發(fā)展道路，不斷豐富和發(fā)展中國式民主，讓民主之樹枝繁葉茂、永遠(yuǎn)常青。

Democracy is a shared value; it is not something to be claimed by any one country. There is no fixed model of democracy; it comes in many forms. In judging whether a particular form of democracy works, one needs to see whether it is adapted to a country's history and culture, whether it conforms to its conditions, whether it can deliver political stability and social progress, whether it can improve people's lives, whether it can win public support, and whether it can contribute to advancing the progressive cause of humanity. Democracy as practiced in China is rooted in China's history and culture. It fits the country's conditions and enjoys popular support. The CPC is committed to developing socialist democracy with distinctive Chinese features. It will continue to enrich China's model of democracy and ensure its sound development.

（四）讓人民過上好日子

4. A Good Life for the People

中國共產(chǎn)黨干革命、搞建設(shè)、謀發(fā)展，都是為了讓人民過上幸福生活。經(jīng)過百年奮斗，中國從山河破碎、衰敗凋零到蓬勃發(fā)展、欣欣向榮，發(fā)生了翻天覆地的巨大變化。今天的中國，已經(jīng)成為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，綜合實(shí)力和國際影響力顯著提升。今天的中國，城市繁華時(shí)尚，鄉(xiāng)村和諧美麗，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施先進(jìn)，交通安全便利，市場充滿活力，社會(huì)安定有序。今天的中國，人民過上了幾千年來夢寐以求的好日子，向著共同富裕的目標(biāo)不斷邁進(jìn)。

Everything the CPC has done in revolution, reconstruction and reform is designed to ensure a good life for the people. Over the past century, China has undergone tremendous changes turning itself from a poor and war-torn country into a dynamic and prosperous one. It is now the world's second largest economy, growing in composite strength and international standing. It has thriving cosmopolitan cities, beautiful and harmonious countryside, advanced infrastructure, a safe and convenient transport network, a dynamic market, and a stable and orderly society. Its people are leading a comfortable life to which they have aspired for several thousand years, and they are working towards common prosperity.

人民生活極大改善。中國人民擺脫絕對貧困，從總體小康到全面小康，過上了日益富足的生活，獲得感幸福感安全感不斷增強(qiáng)，生存權(quán)發(fā)展權(quán)有效保障。人均國民總收入超過1萬美元，處于中等偏上收入經(jīng)濟(jì)體行列，正在向高收入國家邁進(jìn)。城鄉(xiāng)居民生活水平差距大幅縮小，形成了超過4億人的世界上規(guī)模最大的中等收入群體。就業(yè)局勢保持總體穩(wěn)定，截至2020年底，全國就業(yè)人數(shù)為75064萬人。中國建成世界上規(guī)模最大的社會(huì)保障體系，截至2021年6月底，全國基本養(yǎng)老、失業(yè)、工傷保險(xiǎn)參保人數(shù)分別達(dá)到10.14億人、2.22億人、2.74億人，基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)覆蓋超過13億人。健全完善社會(huì)救助制度，困難群眾基本生活有效保障。幼有所育、學(xué)有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫(yī)、老有所養(yǎng)、住有所居、弱有所扶更好實(shí)現(xiàn)。文化事業(yè)和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)繁榮發(fā)展，人民的精神生活更加豐富、更加活躍。生態(tài)文明建設(shè)取得豐碩成果，人民生活的家園天更藍(lán)、山更綠、水更清。中國長期保持社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定、人民安居樂業(yè)，是世界上公認(rèn)的最有安全感的國家之一。

The people's lives have greatly improved. They have shaken off absolute poverty and achieved moderate prosperity in all respects. Their rights to existence and development are well protected, and they feel happier, safer and more secure. With a per capita gross national income surpassing US$10,000, China has joined the ranks of upper-middle income economies, and is on its way to become a high-income country. The urban-rural income gap is steadily shrinking, and China has a middle-income group of 400 million people, the biggest in the world.

The employment market in China is stable. At the end of 2020, almost 751 million people in China were in employment.

China has built the world's largest social security network, with basic medical insurance covering 1.3 billion people by the end of June 2021. During the same period, one billion people were covered by basic old-age insurance, 222 million by unemployment insurance, and 274 million by work-related injury insurance. The people have better access to childcare, education, employment, medical services, elderly care, housing, and social assistance.

The cultural sector is flourishing, and the Chinese people enjoy colorful and enriching cultural activities. China has done much to protect its environment; across the country there are more blue skies, lush mountains and lucid waters. China maintains long-term social harmony and stability, and its people live in peace and contentment in a country widely recognized as one of the safest in the world.

人民精神面貌發(fā)生由內(nèi)而外的深刻變化。中國人民不僅在物質(zhì)上富了起來，也在精神上強(qiáng)了起來，意氣風(fēng)發(fā)地邁向更加美好的未來。中國人民可以平視世界，道路自信、理論自信、制度自信、文化自信極大增強(qiáng)。共產(chǎn)黨好、社會(huì)主義好、改革開放好、偉大祖國好、各族人民好的時(shí)代主旋律高亢響亮，中國特色社會(huì)主義和中國夢深入人心。愛國主義精神、改革創(chuàng)新精神、新時(shí)代奮斗精神廣泛弘揚(yáng)，社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀【社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀，基本內(nèi)容是富強(qiáng)、民主、文明、和諧，自由、平等、公正、法治，愛國、敬業(yè)、誠信、友善。富強(qiáng)、民主、文明、和諧是國家層面的價(jià)值要求，自由、平等、公正、法治是社會(huì)層面的價(jià)值要求，愛國、敬業(yè)、誠信、友善是公民層面的價(jià)值要求?！總鞑ホ`行，中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化傳承發(fā)展，全社會(huì)充滿向美向上向善的正能量。中國人民熱愛自由、崇尚自由，把個(gè)人自由融于國家繁榮發(fā)展、社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定之中，享有真實(shí)、全面、廣泛的自由。面對前進(jìn)道路上的困難和挑戰(zhàn)，中國人民團(tuán)結(jié)一心、無所畏懼，敢于斗爭、堅(jiān)決勝利。中國人民天下一家的情懷更加彰顯，希望世界更加和平，各國人民生活更加美好。一代代中國青年把青春奮斗融入黨和人民事業(yè)，充滿朝氣、充滿激情、充滿希望，成為實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的先鋒力量。

The mindset of the Chinese people has changed profoundly. They have strong faith in the path, theory, system and culture of Chinese socialism. They now view themselves as the equals of any other in the world. They celebrate the CPC, socialism, reform and opening up, the motherland, and the unity of all ethnic groups in China. Patriotism, reform, innovation, and hard work have taken root in their minds. Core Socialist Values [ The Core Socialist Values: Prosperity, democracy, civility and harmony are values that underpin the Chinese nation; freedom, equality, justice and the rule of law are values that hold society together; patriotism, dedication, good faith and amity are values that underlie individual conduct.] are practiced, and traditional Chinese culture is full of vitality. All of this fills Chinese society with positive energy and confidence.

The Chinese people value and uphold freedom. They enjoy true, comprehensive and extensive freedom. While pursuing their own individual freedoms, they also work to promote common prosperity, development, social harmony and stability. United as one, they face difficulties head-on, rise to challenges, and strive for success. They regard all the world's peoples as one big family, and wish peace and a better life for everyone.

Energetic, passionate young Chinese are dedicating themselves to the cause of the CPC and the people, and they are at the forefront in working to rejuvenate the Chinese nation.

經(jīng)過長期努力，中國取得了巨大發(fā)展成就，但中國仍處于并將長期處于社會(huì)主義初級階段的基本國情沒有變，中國是世界上最大發(fā)展中國家的國際地位沒有變。解決好人民日益增長的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的發(fā)展之間的矛盾，讓14億多人民都過上富裕的日子，仍然有很長的路要走，仍然需要付出長期艱苦的努力。

While China has achieved remarkable successes as a result of a dedicated effort made over many years, it is still in the primary stage of socialism and will long remain so. China is still the largest developing country in the world. There is still a long way to go before China can resolve the principal challenge it faces – the gap between unbalanced and inadequate development and the growing expectation of the people for a better life – and deliver prosperity to all its 1.4 billion people.

100年來，中國共產(chǎn)黨用理念主張更用實(shí)際行動(dòng)，贏得了人民的衷心擁護(hù)。中國人民對黨的擁護(hù)，是經(jīng)過反復(fù)比較，經(jīng)過無數(shù)事實(shí)和考驗(yàn)形成的。中國人民一旦認(rèn)定了中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，就不曾改變過。100年來，黨與人民心心相印、同甘共苦、團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗，形成了不可分割的緊密聯(lián)系。任何想把中國共產(chǎn)黨同中國人民分割開來、對立起來的企圖，都不會(huì)得逞；任何想讓中國人民放棄中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的企圖，都不會(huì)得逞。

Over the past hundred years, the CPC has won the heartfelt support of the people, not with rhetoric, but with actions and outcomes and by meeting repeated challenges. This support has never wavered since the Chinese people first chose the CPC to lead them. The Party and the people work together and share weal and woe, and there is an inseparable bond between them. No attempt to sever that bond will ever succeed, and any attempt to shake the people's faith in the Party's leadership is doomed to fail.

二、為實(shí)現(xiàn)理想不懈奮斗

II. Realizing the Ideals of the Party

奮斗，是中國共產(chǎn)黨的鮮明品質(zhì)。中國的革命、建設(shè)、改革，是在復(fù)雜的內(nèi)外環(huán)境中進(jìn)行的，道路之險(xiǎn)、挑戰(zhàn)之多世所罕見。100年來，黨遭遇過艱難險(xiǎn)阻，經(jīng)歷過生死考驗(yàn)，付出過慘烈犧牲，但始終奮斗不止。黨的百年發(fā)展史，就是在馬克思主義指引下，堅(jiān)定信念、勇于探索、百折不撓、頑強(qiáng)不屈的不懈奮斗史。

Struggle is a distinctive attribute of the CPC. In a complex domestic and international environment, China has encountered unprecedented difficulties and challenges in its revolution, reconstruction, and reform. Since it was founded a hundred years ago, the Party has never given up on the struggle, whatever hardships, existential trials, or bitter sacrifices it faced. These hundred years have seen the Party fight on, guided by Marxism, and buttressed by firm convictions, an enterprising spirit, and unyielding determination.

（一）堅(jiān)持科學(xué)理論指導(dǎo)

1. Upholding Marxism

馬克思主義是中國共產(chǎn)黨的根本指導(dǎo)思想，是黨的靈魂，是指引黨不斷前行的光輝旗幟。中國共產(chǎn)黨為什么能，中國特色社會(huì)主義為什么好，歸根到底是因?yàn)轳R克思主義行。黨的奮斗歷史，就是不斷推進(jìn)馬克思主義中國化的歷史，就是不斷推進(jìn)理論創(chuàng)新、進(jìn)行理論創(chuàng)造的理論探索史。

Marxism is the single guiding ideology, the very soul of the CPC, and the banner under which it strives. Fundamentally, the strength of the Party and the strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics are attributable to the fact that Marxism works. The Party's history of struggle is a process of continuing to adapt Marxism to the Chinese context and to explore creative and innovative ideas.

把馬克思主義寫在自己的旗幟上。馬克思主義深刻揭示了自然界、人類社會(huì)、人類思維發(fā)展的普遍規(guī)律，為人類社會(huì)發(fā)展進(jìn)步指明了方向，極大推進(jìn)了人類文明進(jìn)程。馬克思主義提出的共產(chǎn)主義、社會(huì)主義理想，與中華文明重民本、尚和合、求大同的理念相契合，與中國歷代有志之士追求民富國強(qiáng)的夢想相適應(yīng)，與近代以來中國先進(jìn)分子救亡圖存的愿望相一致。更為可貴的是，馬克思主義不僅提出了共產(chǎn)主義的遠(yuǎn)大理想，而且指明了實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)理想的方法和路徑。馬克思主義傳入中國后，中國共產(chǎn)黨的早期創(chuàng)立者，經(jīng)過親身實(shí)踐、審慎思考、反復(fù)推求，選擇了馬克思主義。中國共產(chǎn)黨人一旦選擇了馬克思主義，就一以貫之、堅(jiān)定不移地堅(jiān)持它、發(fā)展它、維護(hù)它，從來沒有動(dòng)搖過、改變過、放棄過。

Inscribing Marxism on its own banner. Marxism reveals the universal laws of the natural world, human society, and the human mind, pointing the direction for humanity and human civilization to progress. The communist and socialist ideals expounded in Marxism tally with Chinese cultural values such as a people-centered orientation, harmony, and unity in diversity. They are consistent with the dream pursued by noble and idealistic Chinese for generations – to build a strong and prosperous nation. And they accord with the aspiration of Chinese progressives, dating back to the Opium War, to rescue the nation from subjugation. A key feature of Marxism is that it not only defines the ideals of communism, but also specifies the ways and means by which they can be achieved.

When Marxism was introduced to China, the founders of the CPC first reflected on it and conducted careful analysis, then gained hands-on experience, and finally chose to embrace it wholeheartedly. Since China's Communists chose Marxism, they have remained firm in upholding and developing it. Never have they wavered in their commitment, deviated from its goals, or abandoned it in favor of other options.

把馬克思主義作為認(rèn)識(shí)世界、把握規(guī)律、追求真理、改造世界的強(qiáng)大思想武器，而不是一成不變的教條。同實(shí)際結(jié)合，同群眾結(jié)合，是中國共產(chǎn)黨運(yùn)用馬克思主義解決中國問題具有的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)點(diǎn)。100年來，黨不斷推進(jìn)馬克思主義中國化時(shí)代化，不斷開辟馬克思主義新境界，產(chǎn)生了毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想、科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，產(chǎn)生了習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國特色社會(huì)主義思想，為黨和人民事業(yè)發(fā)展提供了科學(xué)理論指導(dǎo)，為豐富和發(fā)展馬克思主義作出重大原創(chuàng)性貢獻(xiàn)。

Using Marxism as a powerful ideological weapon to seek the truth, understand the world and its laws, and transform it, rather than applying rigid dogma. Respecting reality and combining with the people are the characteristics and strengths of the CPC.

Over the past hundred years, the CPC has continued to adapt Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era are the results. The Party has thus devised well-conceived theories for its own and the people's guidance, and made an enormous and original contribution to enriching Marxism.

中國共產(chǎn)黨之所以在革命、建設(shè)、改革進(jìn)程中不斷取得勝利，根本在于掌握了有力的思想武器，能夠運(yùn)用馬克思主義立場、觀點(diǎn)、方法，正確認(rèn)識(shí)問題，科學(xué)分析問題，有效解決問題。實(shí)踐表明，中國共產(chǎn)黨選擇馬克思主義是完全正確的。新的征程上，黨以更加寬闊的眼界審視馬克思主義在當(dāng)代發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)和實(shí)踐需要，堅(jiān)持把馬克思主義基本原理同中國具體實(shí)際相結(jié)合、同中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化相結(jié)合，用馬克思主義觀察時(shí)代、把握時(shí)代、引領(lǐng)時(shí)代，繼續(xù)發(fā)展當(dāng)代中國馬克思主義、21世紀(jì)馬克思主義。

At the fundamental level, the CPC's successes can be attributed to its mastery of powerful theoretical weapons to correctly understand, scientifically analyze, and effectively solve problems by applying the Marxist stance, viewpoint and methodology. Experience has proved that the CPC's choice of Marxism is correct. On the journey ahead, considering China's realities in contemporary times the Party will continue to adapt the basic tenets of Marxism to the best of China's traditional culture, and use Marxism to observe, understand, and steer the trends of our times in the 21st century.

（二）堅(jiān)守理想信念

2. Firm Ideals and Convictions

中國共產(chǎn)黨一經(jīng)成立，就把為共產(chǎn)主義、社會(huì)主義奮斗作為自己的綱領(lǐng)。100年來，黨始終堅(jiān)守共產(chǎn)主義、社會(huì)主義的理想信念，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民向著奮斗目標(biāo)堅(jiān)定前行，不但建立了社會(huì)主義，而且維護(hù)和發(fā)展了社會(huì)主義，在世界上高高舉起了中國特色社會(huì)主義偉大旗幟，展示了社會(huì)主義的生機(jī)活力和美好前景。社會(huì)主義沒有辜負(fù)中國，中國也沒有辜負(fù)社會(huì)主義。

From the outset, the CPC has championed the cause of socialism and communism. Over the past hundred years, standing firm in its ideals and convictions, it has led the people to press forward towards these goals. It has established, upheld and developed socialism, upheld the principles of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and demonstrated the vitality and bright prospects of socialism. The Party has remained true to socialism, and socialism has proved its worth to China.

在困頓逆境、挫折失敗中奮起。革命戰(zhàn)爭年代，黨多次面臨困難和挫折，甚至瀕臨被敵人消滅的危險(xiǎn)境地。大革命失敗后，黨由近6萬人銳減到1萬多人。第五次反“圍剿”【第五次反“圍剿”，指1933年9月至1934年10月中央紅軍反抗國民黨軍隊(duì)對中央革命根據(jù)地進(jìn)行的第五次軍事“圍剿”。從1930年至1934年，國民黨軍隊(duì)對以江西瑞金為中心的中央革命根據(jù)地共發(fā)動(dòng)了五次大規(guī)模的軍事進(jìn)攻，叫做五次“圍剿”。第五次反“圍剿”失敗后，紅軍開始實(shí)行戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)移。】失敗后，黨和紅軍的力量遭受極大削弱。長征【長征，指1934年10月至1936年10月，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的紅軍主力從長江以南各蘇區(qū)向陜甘蘇區(qū)進(jìn)行的戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)移。長征實(shí)現(xiàn)了中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國革命事業(yè)從挫折走向勝利的偉大轉(zhuǎn)折?！客局校娼瓚?zhàn)役一戰(zhàn)，中央紅軍從長征出發(fā)時(shí)的8.6萬多人銳減至3萬多人。在革命前途變得十分黯淡的時(shí)刻，黨對自己的信念毫不動(dòng)搖，在困境中發(fā)展壯大，在絕境中突出重圍，在逆境中毅然奮起。新中國成立后，面對軍事上、經(jīng)濟(jì)上、國際上的困難和挑戰(zhàn)，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民發(fā)揚(yáng)“一不怕苦、二不怕死”的革命精神，堅(jiān)定信心，克服困難，使社會(huì)主義中國巍然屹立在世界東方。上世紀(jì)80年代末90年代初，世界社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)陷入低潮，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民頂住逆流，排除干擾，沿著中國特色社會(huì)主義道路堅(jiān)定前行。進(jìn)入新時(shí)代，面對國內(nèi)改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定的繁重任務(wù)，面對嚴(yán)峻的國際形勢和外部壓力，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民進(jìn)行具有許多新的歷史特點(diǎn)的偉大斗爭，把中國特色社會(huì)主義繼續(xù)推向前進(jìn)。100年來，困難、失敗和挫折沒有阻擋住中國共產(chǎn)黨的前進(jìn)，只是使它更加堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、更加成熟。在重大歷史關(guān)頭和危難時(shí)刻，黨堅(jiān)守理想信念，不畏懼、不退縮，迎難而上、勇往直前，一次次彰顯了黨的力量，一次次增強(qiáng)了人民對黨的信任和信心，一次次扭轉(zhuǎn)了黨和國家的前途命運(yùn)，一次次把社會(huì)主義事業(yè)推向前進(jìn)。

Rising through adversity and failures. In the years of revolutionary war, the CPC was repeatedly confronted with difficulties and setbacks, to the extent that its very survival was threatened. After the failure of the Great Revolution (1924-1927), the membership of the Party fell from around 60,000 to just over 10,000. After defeat in the fifth encirclement and suppression campaign by the KMT in 1934, [ This refers to the Central Red Army's fight against the fifth encirclement and suppression campaign launched by the KMT troops in the Central Revolutionary Base Area from September 1933 to October 1934. From 1930 to 1934, the KMT troops launched five largescale onslaughts against the Central Revolutionary Base Area headquartered in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province. The Red Army overcame the KMT forces in the first four campaigns, but after defeat in the fifth campaign, it made a strategic withdrawal.] the Party and the Red Army were seriously weakened. The Battle of Xiangjiang soon after the beginning of the Long March [ This was the strategic retreat of the main Red Army forces under the leadership of the CPC, and the trek from the Soviet Area south of the Yangtze River to the Shaanxi-Gansu border area during the period from October 1934 to October 1936, marking a great transition from defeat to victory for the Party and the Chinese revolution.] cost the Central Red Army more than 50,000 of its 86,000 troops. But for all that the situation was bleak, the CPC remained unshaken in its convictions. It shook off its pursuers, rose above adversity, and emerged stronger from the setbacks.

After the founding of the PRC, the country faced testing military and economic challenges and hostility from abroad. Led by the CPC, and fearless of hardship and death, the people overcame these challenges. A new socialist China soon stood firm in the East.

From the late 1980s to early 1990s, when the tide of world socialism was on the ebb, the CPC led the people to press forward on the path of Chinese socialism, heedless of all obstacles.

In the new era, faced with the formidable tasks of reform, development and stability, and confronted by an unpromising external environment, the Party has led the people to continue the great historic struggle and to champion the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Difficulties, failures and setbacks in the past hundred years have never prevented the CPC from forging ahead; they have only made it stronger and helped it mature. At critical historical junctures and in times of crisis, the Party has stood firm in ideals and convictions, rising undaunted to face challenges. This has demonstrated its strength, increased the people's trust and confidence, transformed its own prospects and those of the country, and advanced the cause of socialism.

在逆境中拼搏奮斗，在順境中繼續(xù)奮斗。面對勝利順利，中國共產(chǎn)黨力戒驕傲自滿，保持奮斗精神。取得執(zhí)政地位后，在進(jìn)入繁華城市、執(zhí)掌全國政權(quán)、從事和平建設(shè)的歷史條件下，黨繼續(xù)保持了謙虛、謹(jǐn)慎、不驕、不躁的作風(fēng)和艱苦奮斗本色，沒有被糖衣炮彈打倒。改革開放后，黨抵制住了資本主義和封建主義腐朽思想的影響和侵蝕。進(jìn)入新時(shí)代，黨和國家各項(xiàng)事業(yè)蒸蒸日上，黨保持清醒認(rèn)識(shí)，反復(fù)警醒全黨絕不能有半點(diǎn)驕傲自滿、固步自封，絕不能有絲毫猶豫不決、徘徊彷徨，居安思危，繼續(xù)奮斗。100年來，黨沒有躺在功勞簿上沉湎過去，沒有因?yàn)槿〉玫某煽兯沙谛傅?，沒有在喝彩聲、贊揚(yáng)聲中喪失斗志，始終保持了昂揚(yáng)奮進(jìn)的精神狀態(tài)。

Fighting in both favorable and unfavorable circumstances. After securing victory in its military campaigns, the CPC maintained its fighting spirit and strove to avoid complacency. After becoming the governing party of China, it continued to remain modest and prudent, never arrogant or impetuous. In leading reconstruction in the cities in peace time, it preserved the style of plain living and hard struggle and never fell victim to the desire for creature comforts. In the process of reform and opening up, the CPC endeavors to guard against the erosive influence of feudalist and capitalist decadence.

Entering the new era, the CPC has never allowed itself to be carried away by the successes the Party and the state have achieved. It has warned all its members that they must never surrender to complacency or sclerotic thinking, never falter, never waver; rather, they must remain alert to dangers in times of peace and keep fighting.

Over the past hundred years the Party has never rested on its laurels, slackened its efforts, or allowed flattery and praise to dilute its spirit and will to fight.

既錨定遠(yuǎn)大目標(biāo)，又腳踏實(shí)地，一代人負(fù)起一代人的使命，不斷向著奮斗目標(biāo)前進(jìn)。黨追求的共產(chǎn)主義最高理想，只有在社會(huì)主義社會(huì)充分發(fā)展和高度發(fā)達(dá)的基礎(chǔ)上才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。中國共產(chǎn)黨人之所以為之前仆后繼，是因?yàn)樗麄儓?jiān)信，一代又一代人馳而不息、接續(xù)奮斗，崇高理想就一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。在中華民族偉大復(fù)興的接力跑中，一代又一代中國共產(chǎn)黨人，一代又一代中國人民，一棒接著一棒跑下去，奮力跑好自己這一棒，為下一代跑出好成績。

Being firmly grounded while aiming high for the future. Every generation of Party members has fulfilled its respective missions and kept pressing forward. The ideals of communism can only be realized by the Party based on fully developed and highly advanced socialism. Communists in China believe that if they keep fighting for this with sufficient effort over generations it can be achieved. In the battle to realize national rejuvenation, the Party and the people will pass on the torch from one generation to the next, with each generation fulfilling its duties for the benefit of the next.

在奮斗行動(dòng)中淬煉奮斗精神，用奮斗精神激勵(lì)奮斗行動(dòng)。中國共產(chǎn)黨人弘揚(yáng)偉大建黨精神，頑強(qiáng)拼搏、不懈奮斗，涌現(xiàn)了一大批視死如歸的革命烈士、一大批頑強(qiáng)奮斗的英雄人物、一大批忘我奉獻(xiàn)的先進(jìn)模范，形成了系列偉大精神，構(gòu)建起中國共產(chǎn)黨人的精神譜系。這些寶貴精神財(cái)富，深深融入中華民族的血脈之中，使中國人民的精神面貌發(fā)生巨大變化，為民族復(fù)興提供了更持久、更深沉、更有力量的強(qiáng)大支撐。

100年來，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民拼搏奮斗，在中國大地不僅建筑起遍地林立的高樓大廈，而且鑄造了巍然聳立的中華民族精神大廈。

Forging a fighting spirit in hard work and working hard to keep that spirit. Carrying forward its founding spirit, the CPC has fought hard and persevered. It has developed a set of inspiring principles which are manifested in the ranks of its revolutionary martyrs defiant in the face of death, its hard-working heroes, and its selfless and devoted models. This invaluable spirit has been distilled into the lifeblood of the Chinese nation, boosting the Chinese people's morale, and creating longer, fuller and stronger support for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Over the past hundred years, led by the CPC, the Chinese people have changed the face of the country through their arduous efforts, and more importantly, reshaped China's national psyche.

（三）在不斷探索中前進(jìn)

3. Breaking New Ground

中國的革命、建設(shè)、改革，走的是前人沒有走過的道路，沒有現(xiàn)成經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以照搬。面對前進(jìn)道路上層出不窮的新情況新問題，中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民勇于探索、敢闖敢試，不斷實(shí)現(xiàn)從未知到已知、從必然王國向自由王國的跨越，不斷把社會(huì)主義事業(yè)推向前進(jìn)。

China's revolution, reconstruction and reform are unprecedented undertakings, with no previous examples to serve as a guide. Facing new situations and new problems on the way forward, and employing indomitable courage and determination, the CPC has succeeded in blazing a new trail from the unknown to the realms of freedom. All its endeavors have advanced the cause of socialism in China.

把握世界大勢，抓住和用好歷史機(jī)遇。人類歷史有其發(fā)展的大邏輯。100年來，黨在歷史前進(jìn)的邏輯中前進(jìn)，在時(shí)代發(fā)展的潮流中發(fā)展，因勢而謀、應(yīng)勢而動(dòng)、順勢而為，掌握了歷史主動(dòng)。中國共產(chǎn)黨的誕生，社會(huì)主義中國的成立，改革開放的實(shí)行，都是順應(yīng)世界發(fā)展大勢的結(jié)果。改革開放后，黨把握和平與發(fā)展時(shí)代主題，加快推進(jìn)改革開放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)；緊緊抓住世界科技迅猛發(fā)展機(jī)遇，提出“科學(xué)技術(shù)是第一生產(chǎn)力”的重要論斷，集全國之力實(shí)施“863”計(jì)劃、“973”計(jì)劃、【“863”計(jì)劃，指根據(jù)1986年11月18日中共中央、國務(wù)院轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的《高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃綱要》實(shí)施的國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃?！?73”計(jì)劃，指根據(jù)1997年6月4日國家科技領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組第三次會(huì)議制定《國家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展規(guī)劃》的決定，組織實(shí)施的國家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃?！繃抑攸c(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃等一系列科技計(jì)劃，極大推動(dòng)了原始創(chuàng)新能力提升和高技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展；順應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化趨勢，實(shí)施一系列對外開放重大舉措，創(chuàng)辦經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)，開發(fā)開放上海浦東，實(shí)施“引進(jìn)來”“走出去”戰(zhàn)略，加入世界貿(mào)易組織，推動(dòng)中國經(jīng)濟(jì)融入世界。進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)，黨抓住21世紀(jì)頭20年的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，集中精力，加快發(fā)展。進(jìn)入新時(shí)代，黨統(tǒng)籌中華民族偉大復(fù)興戰(zhàn)略全局和世界百年未有之大變局，作出“中國發(fā)展仍處于重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期”“機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)之大都前所未有，總體上機(jī)遇大于挑戰(zhàn)”的戰(zhàn)略判斷，順應(yīng)和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏的時(shí)代潮流，順應(yīng)世界多極化和國際關(guān)系民主化大勢，順應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化大勢，對內(nèi)推進(jìn)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，把握新發(fā)展階段、貫徹新發(fā)展理念、構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局；對外實(shí)行高水平開放，實(shí)施更大范圍、更寬領(lǐng)域、更深層次的全面開放，促進(jìn)合作共贏，在更好發(fā)展自己的同時(shí)更好貢獻(xiàn)世界。

Recognizing the prevailing trends in the world, seizing and making the most of historic opportunities. There is an essential logic to the progress of human history. Over the past hundred years, the CPC has developed with this logic and kept pace with the trends of the times, constantly adjusting its strategies and policies in accordance with changing circumstances.

The founding of the CPC, the founding of a socialist people's republic, and the launch of reform and opening up all followed underlying global trends. Based on its belief that peace and development were the themes of the times, the CPC pressed ahead with its plans for reform, opening up and modernization. It seized the opportunity of rapid advances in science and technology around the world, and applied the important proposition that "science and technology constitute a primary productive force". It mobilized the resources of the whole country in a series of key national science and technology research and development programs such as the 863 Program and the 973 Program [ The codename 863 refers to the National High-tech R&D Program implemented in accordance with a guideline issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on November 18, 1986, while that of 973 is for the National Key Basic Research Program implemented in accordance with a decision by the National Science, Technology and Education Leading Group on June 4, 1997.]. All of this strengthened China's capacity for original innovation and resulted in significant progress in high-tech and key industries.

The CPC followed the trend of economic globalization and initiated a set of major reform and opening-up measures, for example, creating special economic zones, opening up Shanghai Pudong New Area, implementing the strategies of "bringing in" and "going global", and acceding to the World Trade Organization, all of which helped the Chinese economy to integrate with the international economy.

At the turn of the century, the CPC seized the first two decades as an important period of strategic opportunity to focus on development and promote more rapid growth.

In the new era, the CPC has implemented the strategy of national rejuvenation within the context of global changes of a scale unseen in a century. It has judged that "China remains in an important period of strategic opportunity for development", and that "both opportunities and challenges are unprecedented in scale, with more opportunities than challenges in general".

To tap into the trends of peace, cooperation, multi-polarity, economic globalization, and democracy in international relations, the Party places greater emphasis on the quality of growth. To this end, it has introduced and is implementing a new development philosophy and a new development dynamic as the country enters a new development stage. In external relations, the CPC pursues high-standard opening up and promotes win-win cooperation with more countries in more areas, on a larger scale, and in greater depth. The CPC is willing to contribute more to the world while promoting China's own development.

堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主，堅(jiān)定不移走自己的路。在中國這樣一個(gè)人口眾多和經(jīng)濟(jì)文化落后的東方大國進(jìn)行革命、建設(shè)、改革，道路問題是最根本的問題。新民主主義革命時(shí)期，黨一開始想走蘇聯(lián)那樣的中心城市暴動(dòng)的道路，實(shí)踐證明這條道路走不通，黨通過總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)、深化對國情的認(rèn)識(shí)，找到了以農(nóng)村包圍城市、武裝奪取政權(quán)的正確道路。新中國成立后，黨一開始注重學(xué)習(xí)蘇聯(lián)，但后來發(fā)現(xiàn)蘇聯(lián)模式也存在問題，開始探索中國自己的社會(huì)主義建設(shè)道路。改革開放以來，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民找到了、堅(jiān)持了、拓展了符合中國國情的中國特色社會(huì)主義道路，沿著這條道路堅(jiān)定不移地走了下來。在經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中，黨始終堅(jiān)持自力更生為主的方針，把發(fā)展的主動(dòng)權(quán)牢牢掌握在自己手中，近年來，面對國際形勢不確定不穩(wěn)定因素增多，黨作出加快構(gòu)建以國內(nèi)大循環(huán)為主體、國內(nèi)國際雙循環(huán)相互促進(jìn)的新發(fā)展格局的重大戰(zhàn)略部署，立足自身把國內(nèi)大循環(huán)暢通起來，任由國際風(fēng)云變幻，始終充滿朝氣地生存和發(fā)展下去。在科技領(lǐng)域，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民自立自強(qiáng)，堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主、自力更生，依靠中國人自己的力量，建立了獨(dú)立完整的學(xué)科體系和科研布局，走出一條具有中國特色的自主創(chuàng)新道路，實(shí)現(xiàn)了科技實(shí)力和創(chuàng)新能力的跨越式提升。從新中國成立初期連火柴、鐵釘都要依靠進(jìn)口，到量子通信、人工智能、5G等世界領(lǐng)先，再到“神舟”遨游太空、“祝融”探測火星、“天宮”空間站建造、“蛟龍”入海等，中國正在走向高水平科技自立自強(qiáng)。在社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)進(jìn)程中，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民推動(dòng)物質(zhì)文明、政治文明、精神文明、社會(huì)文明、生態(tài)文明協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，創(chuàng)造了中國式現(xiàn)代化新道路，創(chuàng)造了人類文明新形態(tài)，打破了只有遵循資本主義現(xiàn)代化模式才能實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的神話。堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主，堅(jiān)持中國的事情按照中國的特點(diǎn)、中國的實(shí)際來辦，堅(jiān)定不移走自己的路，是黨取得勝利的一條基本經(jīng)驗(yàn)。中國人民有骨氣、有信心、有能力，做好自己的事，走好自己的路。

Following an independent path. To carry out revolution, reconstruction and reform in a poor and backward country with a large population, it is fundamental to choose the right path.

During the New Democratic Revolution, the CPC initially opted to follow the Soviet example of insurrection in key cities. But that proved unsuccessful. It then reviewed the lessons learned, summarized the experience gained, and embarked on the correct path of encircling the cities from the countryside and seizing state power with military force.

After the founding of the People's Republic, the CPC applied itself to learning from the Soviet Union. Encountering problems with the Soviet model, it began to explore its own path for building socialism. Since the beginning of reform and opening up, it has led the people in identifying, upholding, broadening, and committing to the path best suited to China's actual conditions – socialism with Chinese characteristics.

In economic development, the Party has always adhered to the principle of self-reliance. To ensure that robust development continues amid mounting instability and uncertainties in the international environment, the Party has made the major strategic decision to accelerate the fostering of a double development dynamic, with the domestic economy and international engagement reinforcing each other, and the former as the mainstay.

In the field of science and technology, the Party has led the people in independent and self-reliant development. With their own strength, the Chinese people have put in place a complete and independent system of academic disciplines and a comprehensive program of scientific research, paving the way for independent innovation with Chinese characteristics.

All of this has carried forward the country's scientific and technological strength and capacity for innovation in leaps and bounds. In the early days of the People's Republic, even matches and iron nails had to be imported. China now leads the world in quantum communication, artificial intelligence and 5G technology. Its Shenzhou manned spacecraft and Tiangong space lab are orbiting the earth. The rover Zhurong has landed on Mars and is engaged in scientific exploration. Its manned submersible, Jiaolong, dived to the deep sea. All of these serve to demonstrate how China has significantly improved its independent scientific and technological capabilities.

In the process of socialist modernization, the Party has led the people in realizing coordinated material, political, cultural, social and eco-environmental progress, pioneering a new and distinctively Chinese path to modernization, creating a new model for human progress, and refuting the myth that modernization can be achieved only by following the capitalist model.

One of the basic reasons for the Party's success is its adherence to the principles of independence and self-reliance. It follows its own path in managing China's affairs in accordance with the country's own realities and characteristics. The Chinese people have the courage, confidence, and ability to manage their own affairs well.

解放思想，實(shí)事求是，敢闖敢試。不論是革命、建設(shè)還是改革，中國共產(chǎn)黨都堅(jiān)持一切從實(shí)際出發(fā)，不唯書、不唯上、只唯實(shí)，敢于突破條條框框和現(xiàn)成模式，不斷探索新路。在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的長期實(shí)踐中，黨既堅(jiān)持馬克思主義政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的基本原理和方法論，又結(jié)合中國實(shí)際大膽創(chuàng)新，從單一公有制到公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展和堅(jiān)持“兩個(gè)毫不動(dòng)搖”【“兩個(gè)毫不動(dòng)搖”，指毫不動(dòng)搖鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，毫不動(dòng)搖鼓勵(lì)、支持、引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。】；從傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制到社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，從市場在資源配置中起基礎(chǔ)性作用到市場在資源配置中起決定性作用、更好發(fā)揮政府作用，一系列新探索新實(shí)踐，既確保了國民經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈牢牢掌握在黨和人民手中，確保了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展服務(wù)人民利益、公共利益和國家利益，也提升了市場主體的自主性創(chuàng)造性，極大解放和發(fā)展了社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力。黨的十八大以來，面對改革進(jìn)入攻堅(jiān)期和深水區(qū)，黨以巨大政治勇氣推進(jìn)全面深化改革，革除制約和束縛發(fā)展的深層次弊端，推出2400多項(xiàng)改革舉措，在重要領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)取得決定性成果，激活了發(fā)展動(dòng)力，釋放了發(fā)展活力。在推進(jìn)改革的實(shí)踐中，黨既大膽探索創(chuàng)新，又把握正確方向，始終把基點(diǎn)放在堅(jiān)持和完善中國特色社會(huì)主義制度上、放在推進(jìn)國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化上，既不走封閉僵化的老路，也不走改旗易幟的邪路，實(shí)現(xiàn)了改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定的有機(jī)統(tǒng)一、協(xié)同推進(jìn)。

Emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and moving forward with unrelenting courage. In all of its endeavors in revolution, reconstruction and reform, the CPC has always proceeded from reality rather than placing its faith in books or established authority. It has constantly explored new paths, free from hidebound restrictions and proscriptive models.

In its long-term leadership of economic development, the Party has adopted the basic principles of Marxist political economics and applied them in China's realities, shifting from a model of pure public ownership to a model where public ownership plays the dominant role alongside economic entities under diverse forms of ownership. It is committed to consolidating and developing the public sector of the economy, and to encouraging, supporting, and guiding the non-public sector of the economy. The economic system has been reformed from a traditional planned economy to a socialist market economy, so that the market can play a decisive rather than a supportive role in resource allocation, while the government can fulfill its role better. This has ensured that the lifelines of the Chinese economy remain firmly in the hands of the Party and the people, and that economic development serves the interests of the people and the country. Market entities can be more innovative, and the productive forces have been unleashed and allowed to develop.

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, China's reform has entered uncharted waters and encountered new problems. The Party has shown tremendous political courage, enacting more than 2,400 measures to remove deep-rooted obstacles, and promoting further comprehensive reform. This has achieved decisive results in key areas and boosted the driving forces of development. In pursuing reform, the Party encourages bold experiments and innovation while making sure that progress continues in the right direction. The basis of reform has always been upholding and improving socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernizing the country's system and capacity for governance. Pressing ahead with reform and development while maintaining the stability of the country, it has rejected both the old and rigid closed-door policy, and any attempt to abandon socialism in favor of some erroneous path.

研究規(guī)律，把握規(guī)律，遵循規(guī)律。善于把握規(guī)律，按照客觀規(guī)律辦事，是馬克思主義政黨之所以先進(jìn)的重要因素。黨不斷探索共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政規(guī)律、社會(huì)主義建設(shè)規(guī)律、人類社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)律，并把這些規(guī)律運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐當(dāng)中，指導(dǎo)和校正自己的行動(dòng)。在社會(huì)主義建設(shè)實(shí)踐中，黨對“什么是社會(huì)主義、怎樣建設(shè)社會(huì)主義”“建設(shè)什么樣的黨、怎樣建設(shè)黨”“實(shí)現(xiàn)什么樣的發(fā)展、怎樣發(fā)展”“新時(shí)代堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展什么樣的中國特色社會(huì)主義、怎樣堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國特色社會(huì)主義”等重大問題的認(rèn)識(shí)不斷深化，提出一系列新觀點(diǎn)新論斷，進(jìn)行一系列新探索新實(shí)踐，豐富和發(fā)展了科學(xué)社會(huì)主義。從“貧窮不是社會(huì)主義，發(fā)展太慢也不是社會(huì)主義”，到“社會(huì)主義的本質(zhì)是解放生產(chǎn)力，發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力，消滅剝削，消除兩極分化，最終達(dá)到共同富裕”，再到“實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕是社會(huì)主義的本質(zhì)要求”，黨對社會(huì)主義本質(zhì)的認(rèn)識(shí)不斷深化。從新中國成立后確立社會(huì)主義基本制度，到改革開放后探索建立中國特色社會(huì)主義制度，再到黨的十八大以來堅(jiān)持和完善中國特色社會(huì)主義制度，構(gòu)建起包括根本制度、基本制度、重要制度在內(nèi)的國家制度和治理體系的總體框架，使中國特色社會(huì)主義制度更加成熟更加定型，黨對社會(huì)主義制度建設(shè)的認(rèn)識(shí)不斷深化。從“又快又好”到“又好又快”，從“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式”到“經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式”，從高速增長到高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，從加快發(fā)展到統(tǒng)籌好發(fā)展和安全兩件大事，從全面、協(xié)調(diào)、可持續(xù)的發(fā)展觀到創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享的新發(fā)展理念，黨對經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)不斷深化。黨的十八大以來，黨提出統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)“五位一體”總體布局、協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，提出“八個(gè)明確”【“八個(gè)明確”，指明確堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國特色社會(huì)主義，總?cè)蝿?wù)是實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化和中華民族偉大復(fù)興，在全面建成小康社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)上，分兩步走在本世紀(jì)中葉建成富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧美麗的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國；明確新時(shí)代我國社會(huì)主要矛盾是人民日益增長的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的發(fā)展之間的矛盾，必須堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，不斷促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展、全體人民共同富裕；明確中國特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)總體布局是“五位一體”、戰(zhàn)略布局是“四個(gè)全面”，強(qiáng)調(diào)堅(jiān)定道路自信、理論自信、制度自信、文化自信；明確全面深化改革總目標(biāo)是完善和發(fā)展中國特色社會(huì)主義制度、推進(jìn)國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化；明確全面推進(jìn)依法治國總目標(biāo)是建設(shè)中國特色社會(huì)主義法治體系、建設(shè)社會(huì)主義法治國家；明確黨在新時(shí)代的強(qiáng)軍目標(biāo)是建設(shè)一支聽黨指揮、能打勝仗、作風(fēng)優(yōu)良的人民軍隊(duì)，把人民軍隊(duì)建設(shè)成為世界一流軍隊(duì)；明確中國特色大國外交要推動(dòng)構(gòu)建新型國際關(guān)系，推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體；明確中國特色社會(huì)主義最本質(zhì)的特征是中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，中國特色社會(huì)主義制度的最大優(yōu)勢是中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，黨是最高政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力量，提出新時(shí)代黨的建設(shè)總要求，突出政治建設(shè)在黨的建設(shè)中的重要地位?！俊笆膫€(gè)堅(jiān)持”【“十四個(gè)堅(jiān)持”，指堅(jiān)持黨對一切工作的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，堅(jiān)持以人民為中心，堅(jiān)持全面深化改革，堅(jiān)持新發(fā)展理念，堅(jiān)持人民當(dāng)家作主，堅(jiān)持全面依法治國，堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值體系，堅(jiān)持在發(fā)展中保障和改善民生，堅(jiān)持人與自然和諧共生，堅(jiān)持總體國家安全觀，堅(jiān)持黨對人民軍隊(duì)的絕對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，堅(jiān)持“一國兩制”和推進(jìn)祖國統(tǒng)一，堅(jiān)持推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，堅(jiān)持全面從嚴(yán)治黨?！笆膫€(gè)堅(jiān)持”是新時(shí)代堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國特色社會(huì)主義的基本方略?！?，標(biāo)志著黨對共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政規(guī)律、社會(huì)主義建設(shè)規(guī)律、人類社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)提升到了新的高度。

Understanding, grasping and following the laws of development. The ability to grasp and follow the objective laws of development is an important skill for a progressive Marxist party. The CPC has continued to expand its understanding of governance by a communist party, the development of socialism, and the evolution of human society, and to apply them in practice as a guide for action.

In developing socialism, the Party has constantly asked and answered a series of key questions, such as:

? "What is socialism?"

? "How should we build socialism?"

? "What kind of a political party should the CPC be?"

? "How should we build the CPC?"

? "What kind of development should we pursue?"

? "How should we pursue this development?"

? "What is socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era?"

? "How should we uphold and develop this socialism?"

It has given a series of new answers that have enriched and developed scientific socialism, and gained a much deeper understanding of the essence and nature of socialism, such as:

? "Poverty is not socialism. Development that is too slow is not socialism, either."

? "The nature of socialism is to release and develop the productive forces, eliminate exploitation and polarization, and achieve common prosperity."

? "Achieving common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism."

The CPC has also gained a much deeper understanding of the process of building a socialist system, from establishing the basic socialist system in the early days of the PRC, through creating socialism with Chinese characteristics after the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy, to upholding and improving socialism with Chinese characteristics since the 18th CPC National Congress. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has matured with the completion of an overall framework of systems for state governance.

The CPC has also come to a deeper understanding of the laws of economic and social development, as reflected by its shift from "fast and sound growth" to "sound and fast growth", from "economic growth" to "economic development", from "high-speed growth" to "high-quality development", from "accelerating development" to "equal emphasis on development and security", from "the vision of comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development" to "the vision of innovation-based, coordinated, green, open and shared development". Since its 18th National Congress, the CPC has initiated the Five-sphere Integrated Plan, the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy, the Eight Clarifications [ The Eight Clarifications: ? that the overarching task of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics is to realize socialist modernization and national rejuvenation, and on the basis of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, a two-step approach should be taken to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the 21st century. ? that the principal challenge facing Chinese society in the new era is the gap between unbalanced and inadequate development and the growing expectation of the people for a better life, which requires further commitment to the people-centered philosophy of development, well-rounded human development, and common prosperity for everyone. ? that the overall plan for building socialism with Chinese characteristics is the Five-sphere Integrated Plan, and the overall strategy is the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy, with an emphasis on stronger confidence in the path, theory, system and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. ? that the overall goal of in-depth reform in every field is to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernize China's system and capacity for governance. ? that the overall goal of comprehensively advancing law-based governance is to establish a system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics and build a country of socialist rule of law. ? that the Party's goal of building a strong military in the new era is to build the armed forces of the people into world-class forces that obey the Party's command, can fight and win, and maintain excellent conduct. ? that major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics aims to foster a new type of international relations and build a global community of shared future. ? that the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the CPC; the greatest strength of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the CPC; the Party is the highest force for political leadership, setting forth the general requirements for strengthening the Party in the new era and underlining the importance of reinforcing the Party's political foundations.] and the Fourteen Imperatives" [ The Fourteen Imperatives are: ? ensuring Party leadership over all endeavors, ? people-centered development, ? comprehensive and in-depth reform, ? a new vision for development, ? the people running the country, ? law-based governance, ? core socialist values, ? improvement of the people's lives through development, ? harmony between humanity and nature, ? a holistic approach to national security, ? absolute Party leadership over the people's forces, ? the principle of One Country, Two Systems for national reunification, ? the building of a global community of shared future, ? the full and rigorous implementation of the Party's discipline. The Fourteen Imperatives form the fundamental guideline that underpins the endeavors to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.], which exemplify the Party's new understanding of the nature of governance by a communist party, the development of socialism, and the evolution of human society.

社會(huì)主義好，就是要解決其他社會(huì)形態(tài)解決不了的問題，不斷推進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展和實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕。中國社會(huì)主義只搞了幾十年，還處在初級階段。黨對社會(huì)主義的認(rèn)識(shí)和把握還非常有限，還面臨很多沒有弄清楚的問題和待解的難題，對許多重大問題的認(rèn)識(shí)和處理還處于不斷深化的過程之中。黨將繼續(xù)探索，更好把握中國特色社會(huì)主義發(fā)展趨勢和規(guī)律，更好地把新時(shí)代中國特色社會(huì)主義不斷推向前進(jìn)。

Socialism can solve problems that other social systems cannot, and can achieve sustained, well-rounded human development and common prosperity. After several decades, socialism in China is still at the primary stage. The Party's understanding and practical experience of socialism with Chinese characteristics is still very limited, with many more questions to answer and many more problems to solve. The Party will continue to explore how best to advance socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era by building a deeper understanding of its nature and laws.

（四）勇于戰(zhàn)勝風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)

4. Defusing Risks and Overcoming Challenges

中國的革命、建設(shè)、改革，面臨著黨內(nèi)和黨外的、國內(nèi)和國際的、傳統(tǒng)和非傳統(tǒng)的、人類社會(huì)和自然界的多種復(fù)雜嚴(yán)峻的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)。黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民迎接挑戰(zhàn)、從容應(yīng)對，敢于斗爭、敢于勝利，在應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)、化解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中推動(dòng)事業(yè)發(fā)展，取得并鞏固了執(zhí)政地位，保證了國家安全，保持了發(fā)展的連續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性。

China has carried out its revolution, reconstruction and reform against a backdrop of both conventional and exceptional risks and challenges, from both inside and outside the Party, from both within China and abroad, and from both human society and nature. The CPC has led the people in defusing these risks and meeting these challenges with courage, confidence and resilience, while promoting the cause of socialism. It has secured and consolidated its position as the governing party, guaranteed national security, and ensured continuous and consistent development.

保持憂患意識(shí)，始終居安思危。中國共產(chǎn)黨在苦難中誕生、在斗爭中成長，時(shí)刻牢記“安而不忘危，存而不忘亡，治而不忘亂”。革命戰(zhàn)爭年代，在殘酷的斗爭環(huán)境中，黨時(shí)刻保持高度警惕，在與強(qiáng)大敵人的長期斗爭中成長壯大。改革開放新時(shí)期，面對社會(huì)矛盾易發(fā)多發(fā)頻發(fā)，面對世界社會(huì)主義出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重曲折，黨把增強(qiáng)抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力作為黨的建設(shè)重大歷史性課題，成功應(yīng)對各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)。黨的十八大以來，黨清醒認(rèn)識(shí)內(nèi)外環(huán)境新的重大變化和面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，把增強(qiáng)憂患意識(shí)、做到居安思危作為治國理政必須堅(jiān)持的重大原則，把保證國家安全作為鞏固執(zhí)政地位、堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國特色社會(huì)主義的頭等大事，從最壞處著眼，做最充分的準(zhǔn)備，朝好的方向努力，爭取最好的結(jié)果，掌握了應(yīng)對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)略主動(dòng)。正是因?yàn)辄h在不同歷史時(shí)期，保持清醒頭腦，科學(xué)分析形勢，下好先手棋、打好主動(dòng)仗，在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)來臨時(shí)，能夠遇變不驚、化險(xiǎn)為夷、取得勝利。

The Party is always ready to protect against potential dangers even in times of peace. Founded in years of trial and tribulation and maturing in adversity, the CPC always keeps in mind the ancient wisdom that "One should be mindful of potential danger in times of peace, the risk of downfall in times of rise, and potential chaos in times of stability."

In the years of revolutionary war, the CPC maintained a high level of vigilance during a life-and-death struggle, and grew in size and strength despite being menaced by formidable enemies.

During reform and opening up, faced with frequent social conflicts and disputes, and major setbacks to world socialism, the CPC made it a priority to increase its ability to fend off threats, and successfully dealt with various risks and challenges.

After its 18th National Congress, the CPC was fully aware of the major changes in the domestic and international environment. One of its major principles of governance is to be always on guard against potential dangers in times of peace. It has made national security its top priority in upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Always alert to the worst possible scenarios, the Party adopts proactive strategies and strives for the best results.

In every historical period, the CPC has remained vigilant and clearheaded about the situation, seizing the initiative on every occasion and ensuring success in defusing risks and overcoming challenges.

面對重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，迎難而上，敢于勝利。對于危及黨的執(zhí)政地位、國家政權(quán)穩(wěn)定，危害國家核心利益，危害人民根本利益，有可能打斷中華民族復(fù)興進(jìn)程的重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，黨毫不猶豫、斷然出手，堅(jiān)決斗爭、堅(jiān)決勝利。新中國成立后，面對美帝國主義的威脅和挑釁，黨以“不惜國內(nèi)打爛了重新建設(shè)”的決心和氣魄，作出抗美援朝、保家衛(wèi)國的歷史性決策，最終取得偉大勝利，粉碎了侵略者陳兵國門、進(jìn)而將新中國扼殺在搖籃之中的圖謀，使新中國真正站穩(wěn)了腳跟。改革開放新時(shí)期，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民經(jīng)受住1989年政治風(fēng)波考驗(yàn)，戰(zhàn)勝亞洲金融危機(jī)、國際金融危機(jī)，戰(zhàn)勝特大洪澇災(zāi)害，奪取抗擊非典、汶川地震抗震救災(zāi)勝利，依法堅(jiān)決平息和妥善處理拉薩、烏魯木齊打砸搶燒嚴(yán)重暴力犯罪事件，抵制住一些外國政治勢力對中國的孤立、打壓、遏制。黨的十八大以來，面對波譎云詭的國際形勢、復(fù)雜敏感的周邊環(huán)境、艱巨繁重的改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定任務(wù)，黨統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展和安全，貫徹總體國家安全觀，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民有效應(yīng)對重大挑戰(zhàn)、抵御重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、克服重大阻力、解決重大矛盾，在危機(jī)中育先機(jī)、于變局中開新局。推進(jìn)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革化解經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，果斷應(yīng)對美國單方面挑起的中美經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦，取得抗擊新冠肺炎疫情斗爭重大戰(zhàn)略成果，采取一系列重大措施一舉扭轉(zhuǎn)香港亂局、實(shí)現(xiàn)重大轉(zhuǎn)折，保持了經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展和社會(huì)大局穩(wěn)定。

The Party meets major risks and challenges head-on. It never hesitates in taking resolute action to address risks and challenges that threaten its position as the governing party, or endanger the stability of state power, the core interests of the country, the fundamental interests of the people, or the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Shortly after the founding of the PRC, in the face of threats and provocation by American imperialism, the CPC had the courage to resist US aggression and aid Korea, in defense of the motherland and at the cost of its own economic development. Victory in this war foiled the aggressors' attempt to suffocate the new-born PRC, and established a firm foothold for the country.

After the launch of reform and opening up, the Party led the people through the political turbulence in 1989, the Asian financial crisis in 1997, the global financial crisis in 2008, and a succession of unprecedented natural disasters. It emerged victorious from the fight against the SARS epidemic in 2002 and the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. It adopted resolute and lawful measures to quell the riots, robbery, arson and vandalism in Lhasa and Urumqi. It also resisted attempts to isolate, suppress and contain China by external political forces.

Since 2012, faced with a sensitive and volatile international situation, and challenging tasks related to domestic reform, development and stability, the Party has placed equal emphasis on development and security, pursued a holistic approach to national security, and led the people in an effective response to major risks, challenges, obstacles and conflicts by exploring new opportunities and breaking new ground.

It has promoted supply-side reform to stave off economic risks. It has implemented effective countermeasures in the economic and trade friction provoked by the US. It has won a strategic victory in the battle against the Covid-19 pandemic. It has taken a series of resolute measures to restore order in Hong Kong and ensure a turn for the better in the region. All of these actions have contributed to social stability in China and sound and sustained economic development.

中華民族偉大復(fù)興，絕不是輕輕松松、敲鑼打鼓就能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，前進(jìn)道路上會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種可以預(yù)測和不可預(yù)測的困難和挑戰(zhàn)。中國共產(chǎn)黨是經(jīng)過百年錘煉，具有長期豐富斗爭實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的大黨，具有抵御各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、駕馭各種復(fù)雜局面的能力。任何風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，只要來了，黨都將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民進(jìn)行堅(jiān)決斗爭，毫不動(dòng)搖，毫不退縮，直至取得勝利。

The rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will not be easily achieved. It cannot be achieved merely by beating drums and clanging gongs. There will be all kinds of foreseeable and unforeseeable difficulties on the way forward. The CPC is a major political party that has accumulated rich experience in the long-term struggle over the last hundred years, which has enabled it to withstand risks and address complex issues. No matter the difficulties, the Party will lead the people to final victory.

在百年奮斗征程中，中國共產(chǎn)黨錘煉了不畏強(qiáng)敵、不懼風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、敢于斗爭、敢于勝利的風(fēng)骨和品質(zhì)，這種風(fēng)骨和品質(zhì)，成為黨鮮明的特質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)。一切成就都是接續(xù)奮斗的結(jié)果，一切事業(yè)都需要在繼往開來中推進(jìn)。中國共產(chǎn)黨以奮斗鑄就歷史，也必將以奮斗創(chuàng)造未來。

On its centennial journey, the CPC has tempered its character with the courage to vanquish formidable enemies, defuse risks, and overcome challenges. This has become the Party's defining quality. All of its achievements are the results of the hard work of generations of Party members, and the base on which the cause will continue to prosper. The success of the Party in the past equips it to face the future with full confidence.

三、具有強(qiáng)大領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力執(zhí)政力

III. Robust Leadership and Strong Governance

中國體量巨大、人口眾多、國情復(fù)雜，求獨(dú)立、求發(fā)展、求富強(qiáng)，必須有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力量。中國共產(chǎn)黨這樣一個(gè)大黨，在中國這樣一個(gè)大國，能夠把億萬人民團(tuán)結(jié)和凝聚起來，一次次跨過急流險(xiǎn)灘，一次次戰(zhàn)勝困難危機(jī)，關(guān)鍵在于黨高度團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一，具有強(qiáng)大的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力執(zhí)政力。

China is a huge country with a large population and complex national conditions. In order to achieve independence, development, and prosperity it must have robust and decisive leadership. It is the CPC's solidarity and unity, its firm leadership, and its strong governance capability that have rallied and united hundreds of millions of the Chinese people and overcome a multitude of difficulties and crises.

（一）黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)有力

1. A Strong Central Committee

中國共產(chǎn)黨是按照民主集中制【民主集中制，指民主基礎(chǔ)上的集中和集中指導(dǎo)下的民主相結(jié)合的制度。民主集中制是中國共產(chǎn)黨的根本組織原則和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)制度?！吭瓌t組織起來的馬克思主義政黨。維護(hù)黨中央權(quán)威和集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，是一個(gè)成熟的馬克思主義執(zhí)政黨的重大建黨原則。堅(jiān)持民主集中制原則，堅(jiān)持黨中央權(quán)威和集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，堅(jiān)持個(gè)人服從組織、少數(shù)服從多數(shù)、下級服從上級、全黨服從中央，在充分發(fā)揚(yáng)民主的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行集中，是黨在革命、建設(shè)、改革中形成的政治優(yōu)勢和寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

The CPC is a mature Marxist political party organized in accordance with the principle of democratic centralism [ This is a principle that combines centralism built on the basis of democracy with democracy under centralized guidance. Democratic centralism is the Party's fundamental organizational principle and leadership system.]. Upholding the authority of the Central Committee and its centralized leadership has always been one of the Party's fundamental operational principles. Democratic centralism involves Party members deferring to Party organizations, the minority deferring to the majority, lower-level Party organizations deferring to higher-level organizations, and the whole Party deferring to the Central Committee. This and upholding the authority of the Central Committee and its centralized leadership are strengths the Party has built from valuable experience gained during revolution, reconstruction and reform.

黨中央的權(quán)威和集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，保證了革命、建設(shè)、改革順利推進(jìn)，保證了黨的執(zhí)政地位鞏固和國家長治久安。以毛澤東同志為核心的黨的第一代中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體，團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)全黨和全國人民，成功開辟以農(nóng)村包圍城市、武裝奪取政權(quán)的中國革命道路，完成新民主主義革命，建立中華人民共和國，完成社會(huì)主義革命，確立社會(huì)主義基本制度，推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義建設(shè)，完成了中華民族有史以來最為廣泛而深刻的社會(huì)變革，為當(dāng)代中國一切發(fā)展進(jìn)步奠定了根本政治前提和制度基礎(chǔ)，為新的歷史時(shí)期開創(chuàng)中國特色社會(huì)主義提供了寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)、理論準(zhǔn)備、物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。黨的十一屆三中全會(huì)后，以鄧小平同志為核心的黨的第二代中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體，團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)全黨和全國人民，作出把黨和國家工作中心轉(zhuǎn)移到經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)上來、實(shí)行改革開放的歷史性決策，深刻揭示社會(huì)主義本質(zhì)，確立社會(huì)主義初級階段基本路線，明確提出走自己的路、建設(shè)中國特色社會(huì)主義，科學(xué)回答了建設(shè)中國特色社會(huì)主義的一系列基本問題，成功開創(chuàng)了中國特色社會(huì)主義。黨的十三屆四中全會(huì)后，以江澤民同志為核心的黨的第三代中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體，團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)全黨和全國人民，在國內(nèi)外形勢十分復(fù)雜、世界社會(huì)主義出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重曲折的嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)面前捍衛(wèi)了中國特色社會(huì)主義，確立了社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的改革目標(biāo)和基本框架，確立了社會(huì)主義初級階段的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度和分配制度，成功把中國特色社會(huì)主義推向21世紀(jì)。黨的十六大后，以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央，團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)全黨和全國人民，在全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)進(jìn)程中推進(jìn)實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新、理論創(chuàng)新、制度創(chuàng)新，強(qiáng)調(diào)堅(jiān)持以人為本、全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，成功在新的歷史起點(diǎn)上堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展了中國特色社會(huì)主義。黨的十八大以來，以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央，團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)全黨和全國人民，統(tǒng)攬偉大斗爭、偉大工程、偉大事業(yè)、偉大夢想，堅(jiān)持和加強(qiáng)黨的全面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)“五位一體”總體布局，協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，堅(jiān)持和完善中國特色社會(huì)主義制度，推進(jìn)國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化，推動(dòng)黨和國家事業(yè)發(fā)生歷史性變革、取得歷史性成就，中國特色社會(huì)主義進(jìn)入新時(shí)代，迎來了實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的光明前景。

Upholding the Central Committee's authority and its centralized leadership has led to smooth and steady progress in China, and ensures the CPC's position as the governing party and the country's long-term stability.

The first generation of the CPC central collective leadership with Mao Zedong at the core united the whole Party and the people and led them on the revolutionary path, using rural areas to encircle the cities and seizing state power with military force. It was under its centralized leadership that the Party and the people completed the New Democratic Revolution, founded the People's Republic of China, succeeded in socialist revolution, established socialism as the country's basic system, and advanced socialist development. All of this led to success in the broadest and most profound social transformation in the history of the Chinese nation. It also laid down the political and institutional groundwork for all future progress and provided invaluable experience, a theoretical base, and the material conditions for Chinese socialism in the new historical period.

After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in 1978, the second generation of the Party's central collective leadership with Deng Xiaoping at the core led the Party and the people in a historic shift of focus to economic development and reform and opening up. Based on its keen understanding of the essence of socialism, the Party established its basic line for the primary stage of socialism, made it clear that China must define its own approach in building socialism, and provided answers to a series of basic questions. This marked the creation of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

After the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee in 1989, the third generation of the Party's central collective leadership with Jiang Zemin at the core led the Party and the people in defending socialism with Chinese characteristics in a complex domestic and international situation and in the face of serious setbacks experienced by socialism worldwide. It established the objectives and framework of reform for developing the socialist market economy, and put in place basic economic and distribution systems in the primary stage of socialism, advancing Chinese socialism into the 21st century.

After the 16th CPC National Congress in 2002, the Central Committee with Hu Jintao as general secretary led the Party and the people in promoting innovation in theory, practice, and systems in the course of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, with a focus on people-centered, all-round, coordinated, and sustainable development, and upholding and building socialism with Chinese characteristics, at a new historical point.

Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, the Central Committee with Xi Jinping at the core has led the Party and the people in pursuing a great struggle, a great project, a great cause, and a great dream, upholding and improving the Party's overall leadership, and implementing the Five-sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy. The Party has made greater efforts to improve Chinese socialism, modernize the system and capacity for governing the country, and uphold socialism with Chinese characteristics. All of this has prompted historic shifts and led to historic achievements in the cause of the Party and the country, ushering Chinese socialism into a new era. The prospects of national rejuvenation are ever brighter.

黨的十八大以來，以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央采取一系列有力舉措，全面加強(qiáng)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，進(jìn)一步堅(jiān)持和維護(hù)黨中央權(quán)威和集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。黨中央鮮明提出，黨政軍民學(xué)，東西南北中，黨是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一切的，是最高政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力量；堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，首先是堅(jiān)持黨中央權(quán)威和集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，這是黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的最高原則，是最根本的政治紀(jì)律和政治規(guī)矩；要增強(qiáng)政治意識(shí)、大局意識(shí)、核心意識(shí)、看齊意識(shí)，堅(jiān)定中國特色社會(huì)主義道路自信、理論自信、制度自信、文化自信，堅(jiān)決維護(hù)習(xí)近平總書記黨中央的核心、全黨的核心地位，維護(hù)黨中央權(quán)威和集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。黨的十九大將“中國特色社會(huì)主義最本質(zhì)的特征是中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，中國特色社會(huì)主義制度的最大優(yōu)勢是中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，黨是最高政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力量”確立為習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國特色社會(huì)主義思想的重要內(nèi)容，并把這一重大政治原則寫入黨章。十三屆全國人大一次會(huì)議通過憲法修正案，在憲法序言確定黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位的基礎(chǔ)上，又在總綱中明確規(guī)定中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是中國特色社會(huì)主義最本質(zhì)的特征，強(qiáng)化了黨總攬全局、協(xié)調(diào)各方的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。

Since 2012, the CPC Central Committee has taken a series of effective measures to strengthen the overall leadership by the Party and uphold the authority of the Central Committee and its centralized leadership. The central leadership has emphasized that:

(1) The Party exercises leadership over all areas of endeavor across the country and is the highest force for political leadership;

(2) Upholding overall Party leadership means first and foremost upholding the authority of the Central Committee and its centralized leadership, which is the highest principle of the Party's leadership and the fundamental political discipline and rule;

(3) It is important to strengthen the consciousness of the need to maintain political commitment, think in terms of the broader picture, follow the core leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and act in accordance with its requirements; to enhance confidence in the path, theory, system and culture of Chinese socialism; and to resolutely uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping's core position in the CPC Central Committee and in the Party as a whole.

The 19th CPC National Congress in 2017 emphasized: "Leadership by the CPC is the defining feature of Chinese socialism and the greatest strength of this system. The Party is the highest force for political leadership." The congress confirmed this principle as a significant element of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and this major political principle has been enshrined in the CPC Constitution. In 2018 the 13th National People's Congress adopted at its first session an amendment to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China. In addition to providing for the CPC's leading position in its Preamble, the amended Constitution explicitly stipulates in its General Principles that leadership by the Party is the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

為確保維護(hù)黨中央權(quán)威和集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的要求落到實(shí)處，黨進(jìn)一步健全完善領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制和工作機(jī)制。黨中央制定一系列黨內(nèi)法規(guī)，對維護(hù)黨中央權(quán)威和集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作出明確規(guī)定。堅(jiān)持黨的組織和黨的工作全覆蓋，健全黨中央對重大工作的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制，強(qiáng)化黨中央決策議事協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)構(gòu)職能作用，完善推動(dòng)黨中央重大決策落實(shí)機(jī)制，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行請示報(bào)告制度，推動(dòng)維護(hù)黨中央權(quán)威和集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)具體化、制度化、規(guī)范化。近年來，中央政治局常委會(huì)每年專門聽取全國人大常委會(huì)、國務(wù)院、全國政協(xié)、最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院黨組工作匯報(bào)和中央書記處工作報(bào)告，中央政治局全體同志每年向黨中央和習(xí)近平總書記書面述職一次，已經(jīng)成為加強(qiáng)和維護(hù)黨中央集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的重要制度安排。

To uphold the CPC Central Committee's authority and its centralized leadership through concrete actions, the CPC has improved its leadership system and its working mechanism. The Central Committee has issued a series of regulations to this end:

? ensuring Party organizations and initiatives cover all areas;

? improving the system by which the Central Committee exercises leadership over major tasks;

? strengthening the roles and functions of relevant Central Committee offices in decision-making, deliberation and coordination, and improving the mechanism by which the Central Committee's major decisions are implemented;

? strictly enforcing the system by which all important issues are promptly reported;

? developing practical measures and making institutional arrangements to implement the principle of upholding the Central Committee's authority and its centralized leadership.

In recent years, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee has held dedicated meetings to hear annual work reports of CPC leadership groups of the NPC Standing Committee, the State Council, the CPPCC National Committee, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and the report of the CPC Central Committee Secretariat. Each member of the Political Bureau has submitted a written work report to the Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping every year. This has been one of the institutional arrangements for strengthening and upholding the Central Committee's centralized leadership.

維護(hù)黨中央權(quán)威和集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心是重中之重、要中之要。新民主主義革命時(shí)期，正是因?yàn)樽窳x會(huì)議事實(shí)上確立了毛澤東同志在黨中央和紅軍的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位，開始形成以毛澤東同志為核心的黨的第一代中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體，革命事業(yè)才轉(zhuǎn)危為安。黨的十八大以來，正是因?yàn)榇_立了習(xí)近平同志黨中央的核心、全黨的核心地位，黨的面貌、國家的面貌、人民的面貌、軍隊(duì)的面貌、中華民族的面貌才發(fā)生了前所未有的變化。100年來，黨之所以能夠統(tǒng)一思想、步調(diào)一致向前進(jìn)，根本原因就是形成了堅(jiān)強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心；黨不斷發(fā)展壯大，克服重重艱難險(xiǎn)阻而立于不敗之地，黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心發(fā)揮了獨(dú)特的、不可替代的作用。歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)充分表明，全黨有核心，黨中央才有權(quán)威，黨才有力量。黨形成并擁護(hù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心，決不是庸俗化的“個(gè)人崇拜”，黨自成立之日起就堅(jiān)決反對“個(gè)人崇拜”，并將“黨禁止任何形式的個(gè)人崇拜”寫入黨章。黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心并不意味著無限權(quán)力、任性決策，而是擔(dān)負(fù)著為大黨大國掌舵領(lǐng)航的重大職責(zé)。黨是按照民主集中制原則組織起來的，黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心也要按照民主集中制原則發(fā)揮作用，遵守集體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)制度，遵守黨在憲法和法律范圍內(nèi)活動(dòng)的法治原則。黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心不是天生的，也不是自封的，而是在長期實(shí)踐中通過正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)形成的，是全黨全國人民的共同選擇。

To uphold the Central Committee's authority and its centralized leadership, a robust leadership core is the top priority. During the New Democratic Revolution, it was at the Zunyi Conference in 1935 that Mao Zedong was confirmed as the de facto leader of the Party Central Committee and the Red Army, and the Party's first central collective leadership with Mao Zedong at the core took shape. This move circumvented a serious threat to China's revolution and resulted in positive progress. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, with Xi Jinping at the core of the Central Committee, the Party, the country, the people, the military, and the whole Chinese nation have made unprecedented headway.

Over the past hundred years since its founding in 1921, the CPC has been able to build consensus among its members on the way forward and take concerted actions; the fundamental reason for this is its robust leadership core, which has played a unique and irreplaceable role in leading the Party to grow stronger despite all the difficulties it has encountered.

Both history and reality have shown to us that only with a firm and effective leadership core can the Central Committee exert authority and the Party remain strong.

Upholding the leadership core of the CPC in no way involves the creation of any kind of personality cult – something the CPC has resolutely opposed ever since it was first founded. The Party's Constitution explicitly stipulates that "The Party proscribes all forms of personality cult." The Party leadership core never wields unlimited power or engages in decision-making at will; instead, it takes on heavy responsibilities in steering the Party and the country. The CPC is organized on the basis of democratic centralism, so its leadership core functions by that principle, observes the system of collective leadership, and acts within the scope of the country's Constitution and the law. The Party leadership core does not emerge through entitlement; it is not self-proclaimed. It comes into being through long-term experience under sound leadership and as a common choice of the whole Party and the whole country.

不論是中國幾千年的歷史，還是中國的革命、建設(shè)、改革，都充分表明，中央政權(quán)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)有力，維持大一統(tǒng)局面，國家才能富強(qiáng)、安寧、穩(wěn)定，人民才能安居樂業(yè)。中國共產(chǎn)黨實(shí)行集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，符合人民利益，符合中國國情，符合中國歷史文化傳統(tǒng)，得到了人民廣泛擁護(hù)，是黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民在長期探索實(shí)踐中得出來的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)。堅(jiān)決維護(hù)黨中央權(quán)威和集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，堅(jiān)決維護(hù)核心、捍衛(wèi)核心、忠誠核心，是中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國人民的共同認(rèn)識(shí)和自覺行動(dòng)。

China's history, which dates back thousands of years, and its revolution, reconstruction and reform have fully demonstrated that only with a robust centralized authority to maintain unity of the whole country and rally the people can the nation achieve long-term peace, stability, and prosperity, and the people work and live in contentment. Centralized leadership by the Party serves the best interests of the Chinese people, suits China's national conditions, and conforms to traditional Chinese culture. This is an invaluable understanding that the Chinese people have gained through years of CPC leadership. There is a common purpose behind the conscious commitment of the Party and the Chinese people to uphold the authority of the Central Committee and its centralized leadership, and to protect and be loyal to the leadership core.

（二）制定正確路線和戰(zhàn)略策略

2. Sound Guidelines and Strategies

堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，來源于正確的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；正確的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，來源于正確的決策。對中國共產(chǎn)黨這樣一個(gè)大黨來講，政策和策略是黨的生命。100年來，黨在歷史重大轉(zhuǎn)折到來時(shí)，能夠比較好地、有預(yù)見地、全面客觀地分析研究形勢，并在此基礎(chǔ)上制定切合實(shí)際的目標(biāo)和任務(wù)、政策和路徑，使全黨在正確路線指引下有條不紊地開展工作。

Robust leadership comes from sound leadership; sound leadership comes from rational policymaking. For a party as large as the CPC, policymaking is its lifeline. Over the past hundred years, at every historic juncture, the CPC has been able to analyze the situation from an overall, objective and forward-looking perspective, and set forth practical goals, tasks, policies and roadmaps. It is the Party's sound guidelines that have enabled it to carry out its work in a well-organized and systematic manner.

制定正確的路線方針政策。在不同歷史時(shí)期，黨科學(xué)分析面臨形勢，準(zhǔn)確把握內(nèi)外條件，在此基礎(chǔ)上制定路線方針政策。黨在成立之初，制定了最高綱領(lǐng)和最低綱領(lǐng)，指出中國革命必須分兩步走，為革命斗爭明確了基本方向?？谷諔?zhàn)爭時(shí)期，黨制定全面抗戰(zhàn)路線和打持久戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)略方針，為抗戰(zhàn)勝利指明了方向。社會(huì)主義革命時(shí)期，制定了“一化三改”的過渡時(shí)期總路線【1953年，黨中央提出了黨在過渡時(shí)期的總路線。這就是：從中華人民共和國成立，到社會(huì)主義改造基本完成，這是一個(gè)過渡時(shí)期。黨在這個(gè)過渡時(shí)期的總路線和總?cè)蝿?wù)，是要在一個(gè)相當(dāng)長的時(shí)期內(nèi)，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)國家的社會(huì)主義工業(yè)化，并逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)國家對農(nóng)業(yè)、對手工業(yè)和對資本主義工商業(yè)的社會(huì)主義改造?！?，為邁向社會(huì)主義社會(huì)指明了路徑。改革開放后，黨制定了“一個(gè)中心、兩個(gè)基本點(diǎn)”的社會(huì)主義初級階段基本路線【1987年，黨的十三大系統(tǒng)闡明了黨在社會(huì)主義初級階段建設(shè)有中國特色的社會(huì)主義的基本路線。這就是：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和團(tuán)結(jié)全國各族人民，以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，堅(jiān)持四項(xiàng)基本原則（堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義道路，堅(jiān)持人民民主專政，堅(jiān)持中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，堅(jiān)持馬克思列寧主義毛澤東思想），堅(jiān)持改革開放，自力更生，艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)，為把我國建設(shè)成為富強(qiáng)、民主、文明的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國家而奮斗。這條基本路線，簡稱為“一個(gè)中心、兩個(gè)基本點(diǎn)”?！?，確保了中國特色社會(huì)主義沿著正確方向不斷發(fā)展。黨的十八大后，黨堅(jiān)持基本理論、基本路線、基本方略，提出統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)“五位一體”總體布局、協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，確立了新時(shí)代堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國特色社會(huì)主義的戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃和部署。正是有了正確的路線方針，黨的事業(yè)才有所指，全黨才有所依，人民才有所趨，才形成了為實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)共同奮斗的強(qiáng)大力量。

The CPC is adept at formulating sound guidelines, principles and policies. At different historical stages, the Party has succeeded in devising the right policies based on an accurate analysis of domestic and international developments.

In the early years of the CPC, at its Second National Congress in 1922, the Party set forth its primary platform of achieving national independence and establishing a democratic republic, and its ultimate goal of realizing socialism and communism, pointing out the direction for a two-step Chinese revolution.

During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Party identified the correct path towards ultimate success, adopting the strategy of total resistance and protracted war.

During the Socialist Revolution, the Party devised the general guideline for the transition period [ In 1953, the CPC Central Committee adopted the Party's general guideline for the transition period from the founding of the PRC in 1949 to the completion of socialist transformation. The master plan was to realize socialist industrialization and transformation of agriculture, craft industries, and capitalist industry and commerce step by step over a considerable period of time.], mapping out the road towards socialism.

After the adoption of reform and opening up, at its 13th National Congress in 1987, the Party formulated the basic guidelines for the primary stage of socialism – One Central Task, Two Basic Points [ In 1987, at its 13th National Congress, the CPC specified its basic guidelines for building socialism with Chinese characteristics in the primary stage – to unite with and lead the people of all ethnic groups, take economic development as the central task, uphold the Four Cardinal Principles (the socialist road, the people's democratic dictatorship, the CPC's leadership, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought), and uphold the policy of reform and opening up, be self-reliant, hard working and enterprising, to build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and modern socialist country. ] – to keep socialism with Chinese characteristics progressing on the right track.

After its 18th National Congress, in accordance with its basic theories, guidelines and policies, the Party specified the measures for upholding and developing Chinese socialism in the new era, proposing the Five-sphere Integrated Plan for coordinating economic, political, cultural, social and eco-environmental progress, and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy for achieving moderate prosperity, furthering reform, advancing the rule of law and strengthening Party self-governance.

It is due to sound policymaking that the great cause of the CPC has remained on the right course, the CPC has rational guidelines to follow, the Chinese people have been able to enjoy tangible benefits, and the entire Chinese nation has forged a strong synergy to pursue shared dreams and aspirations.

制定階段性發(fā)展目標(biāo)和戰(zhàn)略。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)長遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)，中國共產(chǎn)黨采取漸進(jìn)策略，提出一個(gè)時(shí)期內(nèi)的目標(biāo)任務(wù)和實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑，一步一步推進(jìn)，積小勝為大勝。上世紀(jì)60年代，在社會(huì)主義革命完成、社會(huì)主義建設(shè)取得顯著成效后，黨提出了在20世紀(jì)內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)“四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化”的奮斗目標(biāo)和實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)的“兩步走”設(shè)想【“兩步走”設(shè)想，指上世紀(jì)60年代，黨中央確定的分兩步走實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想：從1966年第三個(gè)五年計(jì)劃開始，第一步，經(jīng)過三個(gè)五年計(jì)劃時(shí)期，建成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的比較完整的工業(yè)體系和國民經(jīng)濟(jì)體系；第二步，全國實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)、國防和科學(xué)技術(shù)的現(xiàn)代化，使中國經(jīng)濟(jì)走在世界前列。】。改革開放初期，黨提出到20世紀(jì)末人民生活達(dá)到小康水平的目標(biāo)。上世紀(jì)80年代中期，黨制定“三步走”發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略【1987年，黨的十三大提出“三步走”發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略：第一步到20世紀(jì)80年代末，實(shí)現(xiàn)國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻一番，解決人民的溫飽問題；第二步到20世紀(jì)末，使國民生產(chǎn)總值再增長一倍，人民生活達(dá)到小康水平；第三步到21世紀(jì)中葉，人均國民生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國家水平，人民生活比較富裕，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化。】；90年代中期，制定新的“三步走”發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略【1997年，黨的十五大提出新的“三步走”發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略：到2010年實(shí)現(xiàn)國民生產(chǎn)總值比2000年翻一番，使人民的小康生活更加寬裕，形成比較完善的社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制；到2020年，使國民經(jīng)濟(jì)更加發(fā)展，各項(xiàng)制度更加完善；到21世紀(jì)中葉中華人民共和國成立100年時(shí)，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，建成富強(qiáng)民主文明的社會(huì)主義國家。】。進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)，黨提出在21世紀(jì)頭20年，全面建設(shè)惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會(huì)。黨的十八大提出到建黨100年時(shí)全面建成小康社會(huì)。黨的十九大提出在全面建成小康社會(huì)后到2035年基本實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化、到21世紀(jì)中葉建成社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國的奮斗目標(biāo)。這些目標(biāo)和部署，既保持一定的連續(xù)性穩(wěn)定性，又根據(jù)實(shí)際情況及時(shí)進(jìn)行調(diào)整，以更好適應(yīng)發(fā)展了的新形勢。集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的政治優(yōu)勢，使得黨可以根據(jù)長遠(yuǎn)戰(zhàn)略制定階段性目標(biāo)，有效協(xié)調(diào)整體利益和局部利益、長遠(yuǎn)利益和眼前利益，團(tuán)結(jié)各方為了實(shí)現(xiàn)共同目標(biāo)一起努力，國家的法律、政策也得以穩(wěn)定連貫實(shí)施。在不同歷史時(shí)期制定并實(shí)現(xiàn)階段性目標(biāo)，使中國幾十年如一日地向前發(fā)展邁進(jìn)，使社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化的目標(biāo)一步步成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。

The CPC is adept at formulating time-phased development goals and strategies. To achieve its long-range goals, the Party has adopted progressive tactics – defining time-phased objectives and roadmaps and achieving successes in steps.

In the 1960s, after the Socialist Revolution had been completed and initial success in socialist development had been made, the Party set the goal of achieving the Four Modernizations – of industry, agriculture, national defense, and science and technology – by the end of the 20th century, and to this end devised a Two-stage Plan on Economic Development [ In the 1960s, the CPC Central Committee issued a Two-stage Plan on Economic Development, effective since 1966, the first year of the Third Five-year Plan (1966-1970) period: The first stage was to build an independent and relatively comprehensive industrial and economic system by 1980; and the second stage was to achieve modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology by the end of the 20th century, bringing China to the forefront of the global economy.].

In the early stages of reform and opening up, the Party set the goal of providing a relatively comfortable life for the people by the end of the 20th century.

In the mid-1980s, the Party formulated a Three-step Strategy for Economic Development [ In 1987, at its 13th National Congress, the CPC put forward a Three-step Strategy for Economic Development: The first step was to double the 1980 GNP by the end of the 1980s, to ensure the people have adequate food and clothing; the second step was to quadruple the 1980 GNP by the end of the 20th century, to ensure the people live a relatively comfortable life; and the third step was to increase the per capita GNP to the level of moderately developed countries by the mid-21st century, to ensure the people live a well-off life and basically achieve modernization. ] to meet this goal.

In the mid-1990s, the Party proposed a New Three-step Strategy for Economic Development [ In 1997, at its 15th National Congress, the CPC proposed a New Three-step Strategy for Economic Development: The first step was to double the 2000 GNP by 2010, to ensure the people live a better-off life and form a relatively complete system of socialist market economy; the second step was to achieve greater economic growth and establish more complete systems and institutions by 2020; and the third step was to realize basic modernization and build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced socialist country by the mid-21st century, when the PRC would celebrate its centenary in 2049. ] to meet this goal.

Entering the new century, the Party proposed to build a well-off society of a higher standard in an all-round way to the benefit of well over one billion people in the first two decades of the 21st century.

In 2012, at its 18th National Congress, the Party set the goal of achieving moderate prosperity in all respects by 2021 when the CPC would celebrate its centenary.

In 2017, at its 19th National Congress, the Party set the goals of building on moderate prosperity in all respects to realize basic socialist modernization by 2035, and turning China into a strong, prosperous and modern socialist country by the mid-21st century.

The CPC has worked to see that the above goals and plans remain consistent, but are always adaptable to changing realities and new developments.

Centralized leadership by the Party is one of China's political strengths. It enables the Party to formulate time-phased objectives based on long-range plans. It makes it possible to balance overall with particular interests, and long-term with immediate interests, to forge unity among all social forces to achieve common goals, and to ensure consistency in the implementation of state laws and policies. A step-by-step approach to policymaking has for many years brought China ever closer to the goals of socialist modernization.

通過規(guī)劃引領(lǐng)發(fā)展、化解挑戰(zhàn)。制定和實(shí)施國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展五年規(guī)劃（計(jì)劃），是中國共產(chǎn)黨推動(dòng)發(fā)展、實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)。以五年為一個(gè)發(fā)展階段，時(shí)間長度合適，可以保持政策的穩(wěn)定和延續(xù)，既謀好大事，又辦成大事。從1953年實(shí)行國民經(jīng)濟(jì)第一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃，到現(xiàn)在正實(shí)施第十四個(gè)五年規(guī)劃。從上世紀(jì)90年代，黨把制定五年計(jì)劃和十年規(guī)劃結(jié)合起來，根據(jù)十年或者更長時(shí)間經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的總趨勢和奮斗目標(biāo)來確定五年計(jì)劃，使五年計(jì)劃更具長遠(yuǎn)性。五年計(jì)劃制定過程中，深入調(diào)查研究，廣泛征求意見，反復(fù)協(xié)商，形成共識(shí)。為實(shí)現(xiàn)國家規(guī)劃的落實(shí)，建立以國家發(fā)展規(guī)劃為統(tǒng)領(lǐng)的規(guī)劃體系，把全國總目標(biāo)按照不同層級、不同類別分解成為若干子目標(biāo)，使全國形成一盤棋。通過制定規(guī)劃引領(lǐng)發(fā)展，已經(jīng)從經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)展到國家治理的其他領(lǐng)域。具有前瞻性的發(fā)展規(guī)劃和可行性的具體舉措相結(jié)合，既避免了“只講長遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)”而“缺乏具體行動(dòng)”的空談，也避免了“只顧低頭拉車”而“忘了抬頭看路”的短視，對于黨的事業(yè)長期穩(wěn)定發(fā)展發(fā)揮了重要作用。

The CPC is adept at spearheading development and overcoming challenges through systematic planning. The mechanism of Five-year Plans on National Economic and Social Development has proven successful. Five years is an appropriate time span to ensure consistency in policymaking and to plan and accomplish major programs and projects. Since the implementation of the First Five-year Plan (1953-1957), the CPC has introduced a total of 14 such plans, with the 14th Five-year Plan (20212025) now under way.

In the 1990s, the Party launched a mechanism of Ten-year Outline Programs to anticipate general trends of economic development in the next decade or the foreseeable future. The purpose is to set long-range goals, provide a framework for the Five-year Plans, and make the plans more future-oriented. In preparing Five-year Plans, the Party conducts in-depth research and many rounds of extensive consultations.

To implement its time-phased plans and programs, a system of national planning guided by the country's overall development strategies has been established. This system divides overall goals into sub-goals in different categories and at various levels to ensure coordinated nationwide development.

The system has expanded from social and economic fields to other areas of state governance. With proactive plans and feasible measures, the Party has succeeded in eliminating both "grand words and no concrete action" on long-range goals, and blinkered carthorses feverishly dragging their loads with no real idea of where they are heading.

試點(diǎn)先行，穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。對關(guān)系國計(jì)民生的重大問題，黨既反對保守，也反對冒進(jìn)，既大膽試、大膽闖，又實(shí)事求是、穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打，在綜合平衡中穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)。把制定長期政策目標(biāo)和廣泛的政策試驗(yàn)結(jié)合起來，中央設(shè)定大的政策目標(biāo)，在地方設(shè)立試點(diǎn)或試驗(yàn)區(qū)摸索具體的實(shí)施方法，然后總結(jié)試點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，以點(diǎn)帶面、以點(diǎn)串線地推廣到其他地方，實(shí)現(xiàn)探索、試錯(cuò)、糾錯(cuò)、前進(jìn)的螺旋式發(fā)展。黨提出并實(shí)行改革決策與立法決策相銜接，確保重大改革于法有據(jù)、順利實(shí)施。注重發(fā)揮法治固根本、穩(wěn)預(yù)期、利長遠(yuǎn)的保障作用，及時(shí)將實(shí)踐證明行之有效的改革成果上升為法律制度和國家政策。對試點(diǎn)先行中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和挑戰(zhàn)，黨及時(shí)作出分析并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的政策和制度調(diào)整，避免了在全國推行時(shí)出現(xiàn)大范圍政策失誤甚至引發(fā)社會(huì)震蕩。從建立經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)到設(shè)立中國（上海）自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)，從建設(shè)雄安新區(qū)到支持深圳建設(shè)中國特色社會(huì)主義先行示范區(qū)、支持浦東新區(qū)高水平改革開放打造社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)引領(lǐng)區(qū)、支持浙江高質(zhì)量發(fā)展建設(shè)共同富裕示范區(qū)等，黨通過試點(diǎn)辦法，積極而又穩(wěn)妥地成功推進(jìn)一系列重大改革。試點(diǎn)先行、由點(diǎn)到面的工作方法，既實(shí)現(xiàn)了改革的“蹄疾步穩(wěn)”，也將地方的創(chuàng)新精神融入中央的政策制定過程中，促進(jìn)了中央和地方的良性互動(dòng)，提高了政策的創(chuàng)新力和適應(yīng)力。經(jīng)過長期探索實(shí)踐，中國實(shí)現(xiàn)了以試點(diǎn)促改革、以改革促發(fā)展、以發(fā)展促穩(wěn)定，人民在共享發(fā)展和穩(wěn)定“紅利”后進(jìn)一步支持改革的良性循環(huán)。

The CPC is adept at conducting pilot programs before launching nationwide reform measures. In addressing issues vital to the economy, development and people's wellbeing, the Party opposes both conservative thinking and impetuous actions, preferring to seek practical, balanced and steady progress while encouraging bold experiments and breakthroughs. Confirming long-term development goals and implementing related policies is always preceded by small-scale pilot programs. Within the policy framework of the central government, regional pilot programs are conducted to work out specific methods, through testing, modifying and then wider application, for the implementation of a particular national policy. These specific methods, if successful, will be gradually replicated by other localities.

The Party's reform initiatives are implemented through national legislation so as to ensure their legal basis and assist their smooth and effective application. The Party attaches great importance to the rule of law and considers it a guarantee for consolidating the foundations of the Party's governance, meeting people's expectations, and maintaining long-term development. Successful reform measures are codified into state laws and policies in a timely manner.

To mitigate the risks of any social instability or other problems that might arise from the ill-judged nationwide rollout of a pilot program, the Party conducts timely analysis of the results of the pilot and makes the appropriate policy adjustments.

The Party has launched a series of major reform initiatives through pilot programs, including:

? special economic zones,

? China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone,

? Xiong'an New Area,

? Shenzhen Pilot Demonstration Zone for Chinese Socialism,

? Pudong Leading Pilot Zone for Socialist Modernization Through High-level Reform and Opening Up,

? Zhejiang Demonstration Zone for Common Prosperity Through High-quality Development.

The pilot approach has ensured that vigorous reform can make steady progress. It has made national policies more creative and adaptable, and facilitated positive interaction between the policymaking of central government and the innovative initiatives of local government.

Through constant experiment and practice, China has created a positive cycle – promoting reform through pilot programs, propelling development through reform, maintaining stability through development, and winning public support for reform by sharing the fruits of development achievements with the people.

（三）決策部署有效貫徹

3. Effective Implementation of Decisions and Plans

中國共產(chǎn)黨這樣一個(gè)大黨，如果沒有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)有力的組織支撐和紀(jì)律約束，就是一盤散沙，大而不強(qiáng)，沒有力量。100年來，中國共產(chǎn)黨建組織、嚴(yán)紀(jì)律、強(qiáng)法治，真正使千百萬黨員凝聚起來，真正把億萬人民組織起來，保證了黨的決策部署能夠及時(shí)、堅(jiān)決、有力地貫徹執(zhí)行。

If there were no strong organizational support and disciplinary restraints, the CPC would become fragmented and remain weak in spite of its massive size. Over the past hundred years, the Party has been consistent in building its organization, tightening its discipline and strengthening the rule of law. It has united tens of millions of Party members and organized hundreds of millions of Chinese people, thereby ensuring that its decisions and plans are implemented in a timely, resolute and forceful manner.

建立上下貫通、執(zhí)行有力的組織體系。中國共產(chǎn)黨的醞釀和發(fā)起，就是以“成立一個(gè)強(qiáng)固的精密的組織”為目標(biāo)的。經(jīng)過長期發(fā)展，黨建立起由黨的中央組織、地方組織、基層組織構(gòu)成的科學(xué)嚴(yán)密的組織體系。黨的最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)關(guān)是黨的全國代表大會(huì)和它所產(chǎn)生的中央委員會(huì)，中央委員會(huì)、中央政治局、中央政治局常務(wù)委員會(huì)是黨的組織體系的大腦和中樞，黨中央制定黨的大政方針，具有定于一尊、一錘定音的權(quán)威。黨的各級地方組織負(fù)責(zé)黨中央的決策部署在本地區(qū)的貫徹落實(shí)，并把基層和黨員的意見建議報(bào)送黨中央，是承上啟下、實(shí)現(xiàn)政令暢通的重要環(huán)節(jié)。486萬多個(gè)基層黨組織，廣泛分布在企業(yè)、農(nóng)村、機(jī)關(guān)、學(xué)校、科研院所、街道社區(qū)、社會(huì)組織、解放軍連隊(duì)等基層單位，是黨的肌體的“神經(jīng)末梢”，負(fù)責(zé)把黨中央和上級黨組織的決策部署貫徹落實(shí)到基層末端，并收集反映黨員和群眾的意見建議。9500多萬黨員在基層組織中發(fā)揮先鋒模范作用。依托這種廣泛的、嚴(yán)密的、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的組織體系，黨中央既可以“如身使臂、如臂使指”，靈活高效地進(jìn)行指揮，使黨的大政方針和決策部署及時(shí)地、不折不扣地貫徹落實(shí)到基層，又可以使黨的組織和黨員深深扎根人民，不斷鞏固黨的執(zhí)政根基。

The CPC has built an organizational system featuring unimpeded communication and effective policy implementation at all levels. Prior to and during the creation of the CPC, its founders aimed to establish a strong and tightly-knit organization. Over the years, the Party has established a sound and complete structure consisting of the central, local and grassroots units.

The highest leading bodies of the Party are the National Congress, and the Central Committee which it elects. The Central Committee, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau are like the brain and nerve center of a body. The Central Committee is responsible for formulating the Party's policies and guidelines. Therefore, it has the authority to make the final decisions.

Local Party organizations are responsible for implementing the Central Committee's decisions and plans in their respective areas, and for reporting feedback and suggestions from grassroots Party organizations and Party members to the Central Committee. Hence they are important intermediate links helping realize the smooth transmission and implementation of policies.

There are more than 4.86 million grassroots Party organizations, widely distributed in enterprises, villages, Party and government institutions, schools, research institutes, sub-districts, communities, social organizations, military units and other grassroots entities. They are like the nerve endings of the Party, responsible for implementing, at the relevant level, the decisions and plans of the Central Committee and the Party organizations at each successive level up. They also collect and report the concerns and suggestions of Party members and the people. More than 95 million Party members also play an exemplary role in grassroots organizations.

With such an extensive, well-knit and strong organizational system, the Central Committee can command with flexibility and efficiency the subordinate Party organizations just as the brain employs the arms and the arms employ the fingers. This is why the Party's policies, guidelines, decisions and plans are implemented fully and rapidly at the grassroots. This is why the Party's organizations and members keep close ties with the people and constantly reinforce the foundations of the Party's governance.

具有嚴(yán)明的紀(jì)律規(guī)矩。紀(jì)律是黨的生命線。沒有鐵的紀(jì)律，就沒有黨的團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一，政令就不能通達(dá)，黨的凝聚力和戰(zhàn)斗力、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和執(zhí)行力就會(huì)大大削弱。革命戰(zhàn)爭年代，黨作出“三大紀(jì)律、八項(xiàng)注意”【“三大紀(jì)律、八項(xiàng)注意”，指毛澤東等黨和軍隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在土地革命戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期為中國工農(nóng)紅軍制定的紀(jì)律條規(guī)，后來成為八路軍、新四軍的紀(jì)律，以后成為人民解放軍的紀(jì)律。該紀(jì)律具體內(nèi)容在不同時(shí)候和不同部隊(duì)略有出入。1947年10月，中國人民解放軍總部對其內(nèi)容作了統(tǒng)一規(guī)定，并重新頒布?！叭蠹o(jì)律”：（一）一切行動(dòng)聽指揮；（二）不拿群眾一針一線；（三）一切繳獲要?dú)w公?！鞍隧?xiàng)注意”：（一）說話和氣；（二）買賣公平；（三）借東西要還；（四）損壞東西要賠；（五）不打人罵人；（六）不損壞莊稼；（七）不調(diào)戲婦女；（八）不虐待俘虜。】等紀(jì)律規(guī)定，提出“加強(qiáng)紀(jì)律性，革命無不勝”，加強(qiáng)了內(nèi)部團(tuán)結(jié)，贏得了人民支持。改革開放新時(shí)期，針對資產(chǎn)階級自由化思潮和西方腐朽生活方式的沖擊影響，黨提出“一靠理想二靠紀(jì)律才能團(tuán)結(jié)起來”，著力加強(qiáng)紀(jì)律建設(shè)。黨的十八大以來，黨把紀(jì)律建設(shè)作為全面從嚴(yán)治黨的治本之策，把嚴(yán)明政治紀(jì)律、政治規(guī)矩?cái)[在首位，堅(jiān)持依規(guī)治黨、形成比較完善的黨內(nèi)法規(guī)體系，加強(qiáng)黨員教育管理，嚴(yán)肅查處違規(guī)違紀(jì)行為，尊黨章、守紀(jì)律、講規(guī)矩在黨內(nèi)更加鮮明地立了起來。嚴(yán)明的紀(jì)律規(guī)矩加上嚴(yán)密的組織體系，使得黨像一臺(tái)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的精密機(jī)器，緊密、協(xié)調(diào)、高效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)大力量。

The CPC has strict discipline and rules. Discipline is the lifeline of the Party. Without strict discipline, there would be no unity and solidarity in the Party, policies would not be communicated and implemented smoothly, and the Party's cohesiveness and leadership would be seriously weakened.

In the years of revolutionary war, convinced that "the army will win all battles in revolution as long as discipline is strengthened", the Party issued the Three Main Rules of Discipline and the Eight Points for Attention [ The Three Main Rules of Discipline and the Eight Points for Attention were formulated by Mao Zedong and other Party and military leaders for the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army during the Agrarian Revolutionary War (1927-1937). Later, they were applied to the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army and the People's Liberation Army (PLA). The contents varied slightly in different military units and different periods of history. In October 1947, they were unified and reissued by the General Headquarters of the PLA. The Three Main Rules of Discipline are as follows: (1) Obey orders in all your actions; (2) Do not take a single needle or piece of thread from the people; (3) Turn in everything that is captured. The Eight Points for Attention are as follows: (1) Speak politely; (2) Pay fairly for what you buy; (3) Return everything you borrow; (4) Pay for anything you damage; (5) Do not hit or swear at people; (6) Do not damage crops; (7) Do not take liberties with women; (8) Do not ill-treat captives.]. It used these to reinforce its internal unity and win popular support.

After the beginning of reform and opening up, in response to the adverse impact of bourgeois liberalization and the decadent Western lifestyle, the Party proposed that unity depends on ideals and discipline, and made great efforts to strengthen discipline.

Since its 18th National Congress, the CPC has employed the enforcement of discipline as an essential tool in its full and rigorous self-governance. It has prioritized its efforts to enforce strict political discipline and rules, and is committed to running itself with rigor by forming a sound system of Party regulations. It has strengthened guidance and management of Party members, and strictly investigated and punished violations of discipline and rules. As a result, the principle of observing the Party's constitution, discipline and rules has become more firmly established.

Strict discipline and rules and a sound organizational system ensure that the sophisticated machine of the Party runs efficiently, with all its parts well-coordinated, generating a powerful force.

把黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)落實(shí)到國家治理各領(lǐng)域各方面各環(huán)節(jié)。中國共產(chǎn)黨作為執(zhí)政黨，通過建立和完善國家治理體系開展執(zhí)政活動(dòng)、實(shí)現(xiàn)執(zhí)政目標(biāo)。黨通過領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國家政權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)，將黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體現(xiàn)到國家政權(quán)機(jī)構(gòu)、體制、制度等的設(shè)計(jì)、安排、運(yùn)行之中，有效實(shí)現(xiàn)了黨的主張與國家意志的有機(jī)統(tǒng)一。黨始終支持和保證國家政權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)依照憲法法律積極主動(dòng)、獨(dú)立負(fù)責(zé)、協(xié)調(diào)一致地開展工作。按照黨管干部、黨管人才原則，黨通過甄選德才兼?zhèn)涞膬?yōu)秀人才，按照法定程序推薦到國家政權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)并成為其中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人員；又通過國家政權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)實(shí)現(xiàn)黨對國家和社會(huì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，確保黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)意志貫徹落實(shí)到國家治理之中。在國家機(jī)關(guān)、事業(yè)單位、群團(tuán)組織、社會(huì)組織、企業(yè)和其他組織中設(shè)立黨委（黨組），由批準(zhǔn)其成立的黨組織統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。在非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)組織和社會(huì)組織中建立健全黨的組織，做到黨和人民的事業(yè)發(fā)展到哪里，黨的組織就覆蓋到哪里。黨的十八大后，黨深化黨和國家機(jī)構(gòu)改革，對黨和國家組織結(jié)構(gòu)和管理體制進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性整體性重構(gòu)，黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體系、政府治理體系進(jìn)一步健全，黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力、政府執(zhí)行力進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)。中國特色社會(huì)主義具有制度優(yōu)勢，一個(gè)重要方面就是黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的政治優(yōu)勢與國家治理的制度優(yōu)勢有機(jī)結(jié)合，使得黨、國家和人民成為目標(biāo)相同、利益一致、相互交融、同心同向的整體，產(chǎn)生了極大耦合力，最大限度地避免了內(nèi)耗，顯著提升了國家治理效能。

The CPC ensures that its leadership is followed in all aspects of state governance. As a governing party, the CPC exercises governance and realizes its goals by establishing and improving the state governance system. By exercising leadership over departments running state power, and embodying its leadership in the design, setup and functioning of state power systems and institutions, the Party has effectively integrated its views with the will of the state.

The Party actively supports the work of the government in accordance with the Constitution and other laws. With the Party supervising officials and exercising leadership over staff, the CPC selects talented people of integrity and ability, and recommends candidates for leadership positions in government in accordance with statutory procedures. The Party exercises leadership over the state and society through the agencies of state power, and thus ensures that its decisions are implemented in the governance of the country.

The Party establishes Party committees or Party leadership groups in government agencies, public institutions, people's organizations, social groups, enterprises and other entities, and places them under the unified leadership of the Party organizations at the next level up. The Party sets up and improves Party organizations in non-public economic entities and social organizations, to ensure that its leadership reaches all social undertakings.

Since its 18th National Congress, the CPC has further reformed Party and government institutions, and conducted thorough and systematic restructuring of the organization and management of the Party and the government. As a result, the Party's leadership system and the government's administrative system have improved, and the leadership of the Party and the government's capacity to deliver have been strengthened.

The integration of the Party leadership's political strengths and the government's institutional strengths unites the Party, the government and the people behind shared goals, interests and aspirations. This generates a huge cohesive force, keeps internal differences to a minimum, and significantly raises the efficiency of state governance. This is a clear manifestation of the institutional strengths of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

通過法治保障黨的政策有效實(shí)施。崇尚法治、善用法治、厲行法治，是實(shí)現(xiàn)良政善治、保障黨的政策實(shí)施的必然途徑。中國共產(chǎn)黨始終堅(jiān)持依法治國，運(yùn)用法治思維和法治手段鞏固執(zhí)政地位、改善執(zhí)政方式、提高執(zhí)政能力。新民主主義革命時(shí)期，黨就在中央蘇區(qū)、陜甘寧邊區(qū)等局部執(zhí)政地區(qū)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)制定實(shí)施了有關(guān)土地、婚姻、勞動(dòng)、財(cái)經(jīng)等方面的法律。新中國成立后，在廢除舊法統(tǒng)的同時(shí)，黨積極運(yùn)用新民主主義革命時(shí)期根據(jù)地法制建設(shè)的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，初步奠定了社會(huì)主義法治的基礎(chǔ)。黨的十一屆三中全會(huì)后，黨總結(jié)民主法制建設(shè)正反兩方面經(jīng)驗(yàn)，加快推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義法治建設(shè)，將“依法治國”確立為黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民治理國家的基本方略，將“依法執(zhí)政”確立為黨治國理政的基本方式。黨的十八大以來，黨站在鞏固執(zhí)政地位、確保國家長治久安的高度，定位法治、布局法治、厲行法治，將“全面依法治國”納入“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，堅(jiān)持黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)立法、保證執(zhí)法、支持司法、帶頭守法，堅(jiān)持依法治國首先要堅(jiān)持依憲治國，進(jìn)一步健全黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全面依法治國的制度和工作機(jī)制，更好地通過法定程序使黨的主張成為國家意志、形成法律，通過法律保障黨的政策有效實(shí)施，有力推進(jìn)了國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化。

The CPC ensures effective implementation of its policies through the rule of law. Respecting and practicing the rule of law are essential to good governance and the implementation of the Party's policies. The CPC is committed to law-based governance and always applies law-based thinking and approaches to consolidate its governing status, improve its approach to governance, and strengthen its governance capability.

During the New Democratic Revolution, the Party supervised the formulation and implementation of laws on land, marriage, labor, finance and other matters in the Central Soviet Area, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region and other areas under its rule.

After founding the PRC, the Party applied its successful experience in introducing a new legal system in base areas during the New Democratic Revolution, and laid the foundations of socialist rule of law.

After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, the Party reviewed the experience and lessons it had learned in building democracy and the legal system. It used this review to accelerate the implementation of socialist rule of law and establish law-based governance as the basic means of governing the country, and law-based exercise of state power as the basic tool for governance.

Since the 18th National Congress, to consolidate its position as the governing party and ensure lasting peace and stability, the CPC has emphasized the importance of the rule of law. Comprehensively advancing the rule of law is one prong of the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy. The Party provides guidance for legislation, guarantees law enforcement, supports judicial justice, and plays an exemplary role in abiding by the law. It holds that respecting the Constitution is essential to law-based governance. The Party is improving its working mechanisms for exercising law-based governance to ensure effective implementation of its policies through the law, and to modernize China's governance system and capacity.

（四）團(tuán)結(jié)和凝聚各方力量

4. Pooling the Efforts of All Sectors

中國共產(chǎn)黨之所以有力量，在于黨在不同歷史時(shí)期，始終把統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線擺在重要位置，堅(jiān)持大團(tuán)結(jié)大聯(lián)合，堅(jiān)持一致性和多樣性統(tǒng)一，加強(qiáng)思想政治引領(lǐng)，廣泛凝聚共識(shí)，廣聚天下英才，努力尋求最大公約數(shù)、畫出最大同心圓，不斷鞏固和發(fā)展最廣泛的統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線，團(tuán)結(jié)一切可以團(tuán)結(jié)的力量、調(diào)動(dòng)一切可以調(diào)動(dòng)的積極因素，最大限度凝聚起共同奮斗的力量。愛國統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線是黨團(tuán)結(jié)海內(nèi)外全體中華兒女實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的重要法寶。

The CPC is strong because it has always placed the united front in an important position. It has ensured great unity and solidarity, and balanced commonality and diversity. It has strengthened theoretical and political guidance, built broad consensus, brought together the brightest minds, and expanded common ground and the convergence of interests.

It has always consolidated and developed the broadest possible front, combining all the forces that can be united, mobilizing all positive factors, and pooling as much strength as possible for collective endeavors. The patriotic united front is an important means for the Party to unite all the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, both at home and abroad, behind the goal of national rejuvenation.

團(tuán)結(jié)和凝聚各方力量戰(zhàn)勝強(qiáng)大敵人。大革命時(shí)期，中國共產(chǎn)黨積極推動(dòng)同中國國民黨的合作，建立國民革命聯(lián)合戰(zhàn)線，給予帝國主義在華的侵略勢力和北洋軍閥的反動(dòng)統(tǒng)治以致命打擊。抗日戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期，黨推動(dòng)建立抗日民族統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線，工人階級、農(nóng)民階級、城市小資產(chǎn)階級、民族資產(chǎn)階級、海外華僑、一部分地主買辦階級，以不同形式參加了抗日民族統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線，使抗日戰(zhàn)爭成為全民族的反侵略戰(zhàn)爭。解放戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期，黨在農(nóng)村、在城市、在國民黨軍隊(duì)中，團(tuán)結(jié)一切可以團(tuán)結(jié)的力量，建立最廣泛的人民民主統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線，人民軍隊(duì)能夠在那么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)取得三大戰(zhàn)役勝利，解放戰(zhàn)爭能夠以如此之快的速度向前推進(jìn)，與各方廣泛支持是分不開的。

The CPC has united with and pooled the efforts of all sectors to defeat powerful enemies. During the Great Revolution (1924-1927), the Party actively called for cooperation with the KMT, which resulted in a nationalist revolutionary united front, striking a blow against foreign imperialist forces in China and ending the reactionary rule of the Northern Warlords.

During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the CPC campaigned for a national united front. Workers, peasants, urban petty bourgeoisie, national bourgeoisie, overseas Chinese, and some landlords and compradors answered the call in various ways, waging an all-out people's war.

During the War of Liberation, the Party united all possible forces in both rural and urban areas, even among the KMT troops, forming the broadest possible people's democratic united front. The extensive support of so many parties was indispensable to the victory of the PLA in the three major campaigns and to the rapid success of the War of Liberation.

建立人民大眾的、各方面共同參與的人民政權(quán)。延安時(shí)期，黨就倡導(dǎo)建立“民主聯(lián)合政府”；陜甘寧邊區(qū)政府實(shí)行共產(chǎn)黨員、黨外進(jìn)步人士、中間派各占三分之一的“三三制”政權(quán)制度，極大調(diào)動(dòng)了各方面人士參與邊區(qū)建設(shè)的熱情。新中國成立前夕，在中國共產(chǎn)黨倡議下，中國人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議召開，中國共產(chǎn)黨、各民主黨派、無黨派人士、各人民團(tuán)體、人民解放軍、各地區(qū)、各民族以及國外華僑代表，代表4億中國人民，充分發(fā)揚(yáng)民主，開展熱烈討論，協(xié)商完成了建國大業(yè)。新中國成立后，黨繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持走人民民主統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的道路，凝聚各方力量建設(shè)國家。改革開放以來，黨同全國各民族工人、農(nóng)民、知識(shí)分子，同各民主黨派、無黨派人士、各民族的愛國力量團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和壯大由全體社會(huì)主義勞動(dòng)者、社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的建設(shè)者、擁護(hù)社會(huì)主義的愛國者、擁護(hù)祖國統(tǒng)一和致力于中華民族偉大復(fù)興的愛國者組成的最廣泛的愛國統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線，為民族復(fù)興大業(yè)匯聚各方力量。

The CPC has founded a people's government in which all parties participate. During its Yan'an Period (1935-1948), the Party proposed a "democratic coalition government", with CPC members, non-CPC progressives, and centrists each accounting for one third of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region government. This aroused great enthusiasm among all parties involved in the arrangement.

Shortly before the founding of the PRC, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) was convened at the behest of the CPC. The CPC, the other political parties, the non-affiliates, people's organizations, and the PLA were all represented, as were various regions and ethnic groups and overseas Chinese. On behalf of some 400 million Chinese people, they engaged in a lively democratic debate and agreed on the terms for the founding of the People's Republic.

After the PRC was founded, the Party continued to maintain the people's democratic united front, involving participants from all walks of life in reconstruction.

After policies for reform and opening up were implemented, the CPC united workers, farmers, intellectuals, and other patriots, regardless of their party affiliation or ethnic background, expanding the patriotic united front and making it as broad as possible. Formed of all builders of socialism, patriotic supporters of socialism, and patriots who support the reunification of the country and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the front represents a combined effort to achieve the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

探索形成新型政黨制度。在長期的革命、建設(shè)、改革進(jìn)程中，中國共產(chǎn)黨與各民主黨派、無黨派人士，長期共存、互相監(jiān)督、肝膽相照、榮辱與共，形成了中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度。這一新型政黨制度，能夠真實(shí)、廣泛、持久地代表并實(shí)現(xiàn)最廣大人民和全國各族各界的根本利益，有效避免了舊式政黨制度只代表少數(shù)人、少數(shù)利益集團(tuán)的弊端，有效克服了政黨之間互相傾軋?jiān)斐烧?quán)更迭頻繁的弊端。中國共產(chǎn)黨作為執(zhí)政黨，處于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位和執(zhí)政地位，善于聽取意見，樂于接受監(jiān)督，勇于接受批評。各民主黨派作為中國特色社會(huì)主義參政黨，是中國共產(chǎn)黨的好參謀、好幫手、好同事，積極參與國家政權(quán)建設(shè)和國家大政方針制定，在促進(jìn)國家政策、法律法規(guī)的制定實(shí)施等方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。

The CPC has formed a new political party system. During the long process of revolution, reconstruction and reform, the CPC, together with the other political parties and the non-affiliates, has formed a CPC-led system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation based on long-term coexistence, mutual oversight, sincerity and sharing weal and woe. This new model can truly, extensively, and consistently promote the interests of the maximum number of people of all ethnic groups and social sectors. It is effective in avoiding the drawbacks of the old political party system that stood for only a small number of people and interest groups, and it can prevent the frequent changes of regime caused by internal strife among political parties.

As the governing party, the CPC is willing and able to hear opinions, and accept scrutiny and criticism. As participants in socialism with Chinese characteristics, the non-CPC political parties function as advisors and assistants of the CPC, and play an active role in establishing the people's government and formulating important national strategies and policies. They have played a key role in devising and implementing national policies, laws and regulations.

不斷激發(fā)全體人民團(tuán)結(jié)奮進(jìn)力量。物質(zhì)生活的日益豐富、和平時(shí)期的承平日久，可能會(huì)滋生拜金主義、享樂主義、個(gè)人主義，導(dǎo)致理想信念消退、奮斗精神缺失、社會(huì)凝聚力下降。黨對此保持清醒認(rèn)識(shí)，在推進(jìn)物質(zhì)文明不斷發(fā)展的同時(shí)，高度重視精神文明建設(shè)，堅(jiān)持不懈在全社會(huì)開展黨的創(chuàng)新理論、理想信念、奮斗精神教育，加強(qiáng)思想輿論引導(dǎo)，展示昂揚(yáng)向上的社會(huì)主流，反映發(fā)展進(jìn)步的社會(huì)本質(zhì)，營造團(tuán)結(jié)奮進(jìn)的社會(huì)氛圍。加強(qiáng)青少年教育，引導(dǎo)他們堅(jiān)定理想信念、繼承革命精神、傳承紅色基因，扣好人生第一粒扣子，在黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下把紅色江山守衛(wèi)好，一代一代傳下去。

The CPC has systematically inspired and rallied the people to work together and make progress. Growing affluence and an extended period of peace may breed mammonism, hedonism and self-centrism, leading to a weakening of resolve, a loss of fighting spirit, and a decline in social cohesion.

Always conscious of this, while promoting continuous progress in material terms, the CPC also attaches great importance to education in culture and ethics. It carries out systematic campaigns to encourage the general public to study the Party's theories, ideals, beliefs, and spirit, so as to strengthen guidance and create a positive atmosphere for social development, unity and progress.

The CPC has stepped up education of young people, encouraging them to hold fast to its ideals and beliefs, carry forward the revolutionary spirit, and pass down revolutionary traditions. The Party works to ensure that they are on the right track when starting their lives. Thus, under the CPC's leadership, they will be able to safeguard the socialist country and pass it from generation to generation.

凝聚海外僑胞力量。海外僑胞是中華民族大家庭的重要成員，是實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的重要力量。黨在不同歷史時(shí)期，團(tuán)結(jié)號(hào)召海外僑胞積極投身中華民族復(fù)興大業(yè)。廣大海外僑胞不忘祖國、不忘祖籍，熱情支持中國革命、建設(shè)、改革事業(yè)，為中華民族發(fā)展壯大、促進(jìn)祖國和平統(tǒng)一大業(yè)、增進(jìn)中國人民同各國人民的友好合作作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。國家的強(qiáng)盛、民族的復(fù)興，極大增強(qiáng)了海外僑胞的民族自豪感和向心力。

The CPC has gathered the strengths of overseas Chinese. Overseas Chinese are important members of the great Chinese family, and a vital force for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Party has united with and called on them to play their part in national revival.

Overseas Chinese, with the motherland and hometown in their hearts, have given unstinting support to China's revolution, reconstruction and reform, and made a huge contribution to the development of the nation, the reunification of the motherland, and the cooperation between the peoples of China and other countries. China's growing prosperity and national rejuvenation have given a great boost to their pride in the nation and sense of identity.

（五）建設(shè)高素質(zhì)干部隊(duì)伍

5. Fostering High-Caliber Party Officials

政治路線確定以后，干部就是決定因素。黨之所以能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對黨和國家事業(yè)的全面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對各個(gè)領(lǐng)域各個(gè)行業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，關(guān)鍵是有一支規(guī)模宏大的高素質(zhì)干部隊(duì)伍，關(guān)鍵是能夠聚天下英才而用之。

With the CPC's political guidelines clearly defined, how officials carry out their duties makes a great difference to the performance of the Party. The CPC can realize its overall leadership over state affairs and in all sectors of society because a large number of high-caliber officials play their role to the best of their ability.

吸引匯聚先進(jìn)分子。自古以來，中國的仁人志士就有憂國憂民的家國情懷。中國共產(chǎn)黨的理想信念、性質(zhì)宗旨與中國先進(jìn)分子價(jià)值追求的一致性，使得黨對先進(jìn)分子具有強(qiáng)大的吸引力，成為他們一心向往、施展抱負(fù)、實(shí)現(xiàn)價(jià)值的依托。黨成立之初，許多家境富裕的青年知識(shí)分子放棄優(yōu)渥生活，加入中國共產(chǎn)黨，選擇了可能犧牲生命的革命事業(yè)。延安時(shí)期，全國各界的許多進(jìn)步人士紛紛奔赴延安，很多熱血青年更是“只要還有一口氣，爬也要爬到延安城”。新中國成立后，許多在海外的優(yōu)秀科學(xué)家，突破重重封鎖回國，為新中國建設(shè)貢獻(xiàn)力量。今天的中國繁榮發(fā)展，為各路英才實(shí)現(xiàn)人生理想搭建了更加廣闊的舞臺(tái)。黨在不同歷史時(shí)期，都能吸引匯聚中國最優(yōu)秀的群體，為民族獨(dú)立、人民解放和國家富強(qiáng)、人民幸福共同奮斗。

The CPC attracts progressive individuals. For millennia, dedicated progressives in China have demonstrated a deep concern for the country and the people. Today they are attracted to the CPC to realize their aspirations, as the Party's ideals, beliefs and principles are consistent with their values and goals.

In the early years of the CPC, a large number of young intellectuals left their well-off families and joined the Party in its struggle, ready to sacrifice their lives for the Chinese revolution wherever and whenever they might be called upon to do so.

During the Yan'an period, progressive individuals from every sector of society overcame great difficulties to make the testing journey from all parts of the country to Yan'an, where the CPC Central Committee was located. Many young patriots were willing to risk their lives to complete the journey.

After the founding of the PRC, many outstanding overseas Chinese scientists made great efforts to break through the Western blockade and return to China in order to work for the country.

Today's China, on the path to greater prosperity and development, provides an even larger arena for talented individuals to fulfill their aspirations.

Throughout history, the CPC has always been able to gather the most outstanding social groups, all dedicated to the nation's independence, the people's liberation and wellbeing, and the country's prosperity.

重視選賢任能。黨始終把選人用人作為關(guān)系黨和人民事業(yè)的關(guān)鍵性根本性問題來抓。革命戰(zhàn)爭年代，黨培養(yǎng)了一大批對黨忠誠、英勇善戰(zhàn)、不怕犧牲的優(yōu)秀干部。新中國成立后，隨著黨的工作重心由農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)向城市、由戰(zhàn)爭轉(zhuǎn)向生產(chǎn)建設(shè)，黨培養(yǎng)了一大批懂政治、懂業(yè)務(wù)、又紅又專的優(yōu)秀干部。改革開放后，適應(yīng)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)新要求，黨提出建設(shè)“革命化、年輕化、知識(shí)化、專業(yè)化”干部隊(duì)伍的要求，一批年富力強(qiáng)、銳意改革的優(yōu)秀干部走上領(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位。黨的十八大以來，黨總結(jié)干部隊(duì)伍建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，把從嚴(yán)治吏、培養(yǎng)選拔黨和人民需要的好干部作為從嚴(yán)治黨的重要內(nèi)容，進(jìn)一步明確以什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選人、選什么樣的人、怎樣選人，為優(yōu)秀人才脫穎而出創(chuàng)造了更好條件，培養(yǎng)選拔了一大批新時(shí)代的好干部。

The CPC values talented and capable professionals. Selecting and appointing talent has always been of fundamental importance in advancing the cause of the Party and the people.

During the revolutionary war years, the CPC trained a large number of qualified officials who were loyal to the Party, brave and skillful in battle, and unafraid to sacrifice their lives.

After the founding of the PRC, as the CPC shifted its focus from rural areas to cities, and from war to reconstruction, it trained a cohort of officials who were politically solid and professionally competent.

After the beginning of reform and opening up, to facilitate socialist modernization, the CPC began to select officials who were younger, better educated, more professional, and more dedicated to the revolution. A group of young officials committed to reform rose to positions of leadership.

Since its 18th National Congress, selecting and training officials, and tightening their discipline, have been key to strengthening the Party. The CPC has further clarified the standards and procedures for selecting officials for the new era, enabling a large number of outstanding candidates to emerge.

把好干部選出來、用起來。中國共產(chǎn)黨在長期探索中，傳承中國歷史上選賢任能的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，借鑒其他國家的有益做法，形成了選拔、任用、培訓(xùn)、管理、考核、激勵(lì)等比較完備的選人用人體系，使優(yōu)秀人才發(fā)現(xiàn)得了、培養(yǎng)得好、用得起來。制定黨的干部工作方針，強(qiáng)調(diào)堅(jiān)持黨管干部原則，堅(jiān)持德才兼?zhèn)?、以德為先，?jiān)持五湖四海、任人唯賢，堅(jiān)持事業(yè)為上、公道正派，堅(jiān)持注重實(shí)績、群眾公認(rèn)。提出“信念堅(jiān)定、為民服務(wù)、勤政務(wù)實(shí)、敢于擔(dān)當(dāng)、清正廉潔”的好干部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，體現(xiàn)了對干部綜合素質(zhì)的要求。干部錄用主要是通過嚴(yán)格公平的考試，從全社會(huì)優(yōu)秀人才中選拔。干部提拔晉升，按照好干部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，圍繞德、能、勤、績、廉，經(jīng)過組織推薦、民主評議、個(gè)別談話、會(huì)議決定等多個(gè)程序深入進(jìn)行考察，同時(shí)，嚴(yán)格實(shí)行“凡提四必”【“凡提四必”，指對擬提拔或進(jìn)一步使用人選的干部檔案必審、個(gè)人有關(guān)事項(xiàng)報(bào)告必核、紀(jì)檢監(jiān)察機(jī)關(guān)意見必聽、線索具體的信訪舉報(bào)必查?！康戎贫?，防止“帶病提拔”。黨的各級干部，都是一步步成長起來的，都是通過層層考核選拔出來的優(yōu)秀者。黨高度重視干部的使用培訓(xùn)，通過在職培訓(xùn)、掛職鍛煉、交叉任職、多崗輪換等多種形式，提升履職盡責(zé)的素質(zhì)能力，著力建設(shè)忠誠干凈擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)母咚刭|(zhì)專業(yè)化干部隊(duì)伍。

The CPC selects competent officials and puts them to good use. Drawing on domestic and foreign experience, the CPC has developed a comprehensive system for selecting, appointing, training, managing, evaluating and incentivizing officials, allowing competent officials to be identified and trained, then assigned to the posts where they are most needed.

The Party selects officials regardless of background, on the basis of both integrity and ability, with priority given to integrity. The Party appoints officials who are dedicated, impartial, upright, pragmatic and successful.

Qualified officials must be firm in their ideals and convictions, willing to serve the people, diligent in work, ready to take on responsibilities, honest and upright.

The recruitment of officials is based on the results of fair national exams and reviews.

The promotion of officials, based on the assessment of integrity, ability, diligence, performance and incorruptibility, follows strict procedures – recommendation by Party organizations, assessment by the public, oral inquiries, and group discussions. To prevent incompetent or even corrupt officials from being promoted, the Party has adopted the mechanism of Four Musts [ Before a proposed promotion is confirmed, the archives of the candidate must be reviewed; the report on personal information must be subject to investigation; feedback from discipline inspection and supervision departments must be reviewed; and details of reported misconduct must be subject to investigation. ] for the selection and appointment of officials at all levels.

To improve officials' performance, the Party provides them with training in various forms, including on-the-job training and assignment to temporary posts, rotating posts, and concurrent Party/administrative posts. The aim is to train competent and professional officials who are loyal, honest and upright.

100年來，中國共產(chǎn)黨從一棵小樹成長為枝繁葉茂的參天大樹。這棵大樹，吸吮著馬克思主義科學(xué)理論的養(yǎng)分，深深扎根于14億多人民的豐厚土壤之中，堅(jiān)強(qiáng)有力的黨中央和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心是主干，黨的各級組織是枝干，9500多萬黨員是樹葉。這樣一棵枝繁葉茂的大樹，具有不斷成長的內(nèi)生動(dòng)力，具有抵擋任何風(fēng)雨侵襲的強(qiáng)大力量。

Over the past hundred years, the CPC has grown into a towering tree with its roots spreading throughout China, drawing on a wealth of experience from Marxism and serving 1.4 billion people. The CPC Central Committee with its leadership core is the trunk of the tree, the Party organizations at all levels the branches, and 95 million Party members the leaves. The tree continues to grow with vigor and vitality, impervious to wind and storm.

四、始終保持旺盛生機(jī)和活力

IV. Maintaining Vigor and Vitality

革命者永遠(yuǎn)是年輕。黨歷經(jīng)百年風(fēng)雨仍然走在時(shí)代前列、保持青春活力，在于黨不但能夠領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民進(jìn)行偉大的社會(huì)革命，也能夠進(jìn)行偉大的自我革命，始終堅(jiān)持黨要管黨、全面從嚴(yán)治黨，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)推進(jìn)自我凈化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高，始終保持肌體健康和生機(jī)活力。

Forever young are the revolutionaries. The CPC has always been able to maintain vigor and vitality and stand at the forefront of the times despite the many hardships it has endured in the past hundred years. This is because it has constantly engaged in significant self-reform while leading the people in a great social revolution. To maintain its health and vigor, it exercises effective self-supervision, practices strict self-discipline in every respect, consistently pursues improvement, and advances with the times.

（一）堅(jiān)持黨內(nèi)民主

1. Upholding Intra-Party Democracy

中國共產(chǎn)黨倡導(dǎo)民主、推行民主，首先在黨內(nèi)實(shí)行民主。黨不斷探索黨內(nèi)民主的實(shí)現(xiàn)形式，激發(fā)全黨的活力和創(chuàng)造力，努力營造又有集中又有民主、又有紀(jì)律又有自由、又有統(tǒng)一意志又有個(gè)人心情舒暢生動(dòng)活潑的政治局面。

The CPC's advocacy and promotion of democracy is demonstrated first in its application within the Party. To achieve intra-Party democracy and create a political model characterized by centralism and democracy, by discipline and freedom, and by unity of will and individual initiative, the Party mobilizes all its members' dynamism and creativity in exploring the optimum models.

不斷發(fā)展黨內(nèi)民主。黨在成立之初就對黨員條件、黨的各級組織和黨的紀(jì)律作出具體規(guī)定，體現(xiàn)了民主集中制原則。新中國成立后，黨在健全民主集中制、實(shí)行黨務(wù)公開、建立黨代會(huì)常任制、保護(hù)和擴(kuò)大黨員民主權(quán)利等黨內(nèi)民主建設(shè)方面作出重要決定，促進(jìn)了黨內(nèi)民主的健康發(fā)展。改革開放后，黨提出“黨內(nèi)民主是黨的生命”的重要論斷。黨的十八大以來，黨大力推進(jìn)黨內(nèi)民主建設(shè)，從黨中央做起，以上率下、層層推動(dòng)，黨內(nèi)民主的好作風(fēng)好傳統(tǒng)得到傳承和發(fā)展，黨內(nèi)民主空氣越來越濃厚；民主決策進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，中央委員會(huì)、中央政治局、中央政治局常委會(huì)作出重大決策部署之前，深入開展調(diào)查研究，廣泛聽取下級黨組織和廣大黨員意見和建議；黨的代表大會(huì)報(bào)告、黨的全會(huì)文件、黨的重要文件和重大決策、重大改革發(fā)展舉措等，都在黨內(nèi)一定范圍內(nèi)征求意見，有的多次征求意見；嚴(yán)肅黨內(nèi)政治生活，中央政治局帶頭落實(shí)民主生活會(huì)制度，認(rèn)真開展批評與自我批評；黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層在政策上和工作上的一些不同意見，能夠通過黨內(nèi)正常的討論，取得意見的協(xié)調(diào)或認(rèn)識(shí)的一致。在黨中央帶動(dòng)下，各級黨組織黨內(nèi)民主不斷推進(jìn)，黨內(nèi)生活更加積極健康，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部的民主作風(fēng)不斷增強(qiáng)。

Advancing intra-Party democracy. Upon its founding the CPC specified provisions on criteria for full Party membership, Party organizations at all levels and Party discipline, which all embodied the principle of democratic centralism.

Some of the major decisions made by the CPC after the founding of the PRC included improving democratic centralism, making Party affairs transparent, establishing a system of Party congresses with a fixed term, and protecting and expanding Party members' democratic rights.

After the launch of reform and opening up, the Party made an important judgment – that "intra-Party democracy is the Party's lifeline".

Since its 18th National Congress, the CPC has stepped up efforts to strengthen intra-Party democracy.

The CPC Central Committee leads by example in passing on the Party's finest traditions and work styles and developing them at every level. It has created a more favorable environment for intra-Party democracy.

Democratic decision-making has been extended. The CPC Central Committee and the Political Bureau and its Standing Committee carry out in-depth research and solicit opinions from subordinate Party organizations and Party members before making major decisions and plans.

Reports to the Party congresses, documents of the plenary sessions of the Central Committee, other important documents and major decisions of the Party, and key measures for reform and development are drafted and issued after appropriate intra-Party consultations, in some cases amounting to several rounds.

A vigorous campaign has been conducted to regulate political activities and conduct within the Party. The Political Bureau takes the lead in holding meetings for criticism and self-criticism. Differences of opinions among Party leaders on policy and work can be discussed in pursuit of consensus.

With the Central Committee leading by example, intra-Party democracy in Party organizations at all levels has been constantly improved, intra-Party activities are more vigorous, and officials have taken the lead in practicing democracy in their work.

尊重黨員主體地位，保障黨員民主權(quán)利。黨員是黨內(nèi)民主的主體。所有黨員，不論從事何種社會(huì)職業(yè)，擔(dān)任何種職務(wù)，入黨時(shí)間長短和年齡大小，在黨內(nèi)政治生活中都處于平等地位，享有平等權(quán)利。黨員有參加黨的有關(guān)會(huì)議，閱讀黨的有關(guān)文件，接受黨的教育和培訓(xùn)的權(quán)利；有在黨的會(huì)議上和黨報(bào)黨刊上，參加關(guān)于黨的政策問題的討論的權(quán)利；有對黨的工作提出建議和倡議的權(quán)利；有行使表決權(quán)、選舉權(quán)的權(quán)利，有被選舉權(quán)；等等。在黨內(nèi)，民主渠道是暢通的，黨員在黨的會(huì)議上能夠暢所欲言，能夠講真話、講實(shí)話、講心里話，不同意見的平等爭論是受到鼓勵(lì)的，基層的許多真實(shí)情況是通過暢通的民主渠道充分反映的。真實(shí)的、廣泛的黨內(nèi)民主，增強(qiáng)了黨員參加黨內(nèi)事務(wù)的積極性、主動(dòng)性、創(chuàng)造性，使廣大黨員的聰明才智得到充分發(fā)揮。

Respecting the principal position of Party members and protecting their democratic rights. Party members play a principal role in intra-Party democracy. All Party members, regardless of occupation, position, Party standing and age, enjoy equal status and equal rights in political activities within the Party. They have the right to attend relevant Party meetings, read relevant Party documents, and benefit from Party education and training, to participate in discussion on questions concerning Party policy at Party meetings and in Party newspapers and periodicals, to make suggestions and proposals regarding the work of the Party, and to participate in voting and stand for election.

Within the Party, democratic channels are open and unimpeded. Party members can express their views freely, frankly and honestly at Party meetings. Arguments over differences of opinions are encouraged. Much information from the grassroots is accurately conveyed to the upper levels through unblocked democratic channels. Genuine and extensive intra-Party democracy increases Party members' enthusiasm, initiative, creativity, and will to participate in intra-Party affairs, and pools their wisdom and ingenuity.

把黨內(nèi)民主貫徹到民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監(jiān)督之中。黨的重大決策部署，在黨內(nèi)廣泛征求意見。黨堅(jiān)持集體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)制度，各級委員會(huì)實(shí)行集體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和個(gè)人分工負(fù)責(zé)相結(jié)合的制度形式，對于黨內(nèi)的重大問題，按照集體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、民主集中、個(gè)別醞釀、會(huì)議決定的原則，由集體討論、按少數(shù)服從多數(shù)作出決定。建立并不斷完善黨內(nèi)選舉制度，黨的各級代表大會(huì)的代表和委員會(huì)，全部由選舉產(chǎn)生，體現(xiàn)選舉人的意志。以黨的各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)關(guān)和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部，特別是各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子的主要負(fù)責(zé)人為重點(diǎn)，不斷加強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督。干部選拔任用中，民主推薦、民主測評已經(jīng)成為必經(jīng)程序和基礎(chǔ)環(huán)節(jié)?；鶎狱h內(nèi)民主形式豐富多彩，基層黨組織大多實(shí)行了直接選舉。

Applying intra-Party democracy in elections, decision-making, management and oversight. The Party's major decisions and plans are made after soliciting opinions from a wide range of Party members. The Party upholds collective leadership. Party committees at all levels combine collective leadership with individual responsibility based on the division of work. Decisions on major issues are made after discussion in accordance with the principles of collective leadership, democratic centralism, pre-meeting reflection, and meeting-based decision-making, with the minority deferring to the majority.

The intra-Party election system has been improved. Delegates to Party congresses and members of Party committees at all levels are elected, and reflect the will of the electorate.

Continuous efforts have been made to strengthen internal oversight, focusing on leading Party organs and Party members in leadership positions, and particularly those holding principal positions in leadership teams.

In the selection and appointment of officials, democratic recommendation and appraisal is a basic step and an essential requirement. Intra-Party democracy at the grassroots is practiced in many forms, and direct elections are held by most primary-level Party organizations.

作為執(zhí)政黨，中國共產(chǎn)黨黨內(nèi)民主的發(fā)展，對于國家政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生重要的積極影響。黨的各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部和廣大黨員，把在黨內(nèi)樹立的民主觀念、養(yǎng)成的民主習(xí)慣、培養(yǎng)的民主作風(fēng)、形成的民主傳統(tǒng)帶到各自工作崗位，模范遵守人民民主的法律和制度，影響和帶動(dòng)自己工作領(lǐng)域中的民主風(fēng)氣，增強(qiáng)身邊群眾的民主意識(shí)，有力帶動(dòng)和促進(jìn)了人民民主的發(fā)展。

As the CPC is the governing party, its progress in intra-Party democracy exerts an important and positive influence on the state's politics, and on society and the economy. Party officials at all levels and Party members have vigorously advanced people's democracy by applying democratic ideas, habits, conduct and traditions fostered within the Party, influencing others and nurturing a democratic atmosphere in their own fields, enhancing the sense of democracy around them, and strictly abiding by the law and regulations.

（二）勇于修正錯(cuò)誤

2. Correcting Mistakes

中國共產(chǎn)黨在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民取得革命、建設(shè)、改革偉大成就的同時(shí)，也經(jīng)歷過失誤和曲折。但是，黨能夠正視自身的問題，勇于堅(jiān)持真理、修正錯(cuò)誤，不斷戰(zhàn)勝自我、超越自我，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。

In the course of leading China's revolution, reconstruction and reform to great success, the CPC has made mistakes and experienced setbacks. It has faced up to its problems and mistakes, and corrected them by upholding the truth. Through trial and error, it has grown stronger and better, and continues to lead the people forward.

對待問題和錯(cuò)誤堅(jiān)持正確態(tài)度，不遮掩，不回避。中國共產(chǎn)黨是全心全意為人民服務(wù)的政黨，有缺點(diǎn)、有錯(cuò)誤不怕別人批評指出，敢于為人民利益堅(jiān)持正確的、改正錯(cuò)誤的?！按筌S進(jìn)”【“大躍進(jìn)”，指1957年冬至1960年初發(fā)動(dòng)的以片面追求工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和建設(shè)高速度，不斷大幅度提高和修改計(jì)劃指標(biāo)為標(biāo)志的社會(huì)主義建設(shè)運(yùn)動(dòng)?！按筌S進(jìn)”運(yùn)動(dòng)反映了廣大人民迫切要求改變國家經(jīng)濟(jì)文化落后狀況的普遍愿望，但忽視了客觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律。】后，毛澤東同志對“大躍進(jìn)”造成的工作失誤主動(dòng)承擔(dān)了責(zé)任，黨的其他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人向民主黨派和無黨派人士說明“大躍進(jìn)”時(shí)期國內(nèi)工作的缺點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤責(zé)任在中國共產(chǎn)黨，主要責(zé)任在黨中央，并作了誠懇的自我批評。一個(gè)馬克思主義政黨對自己的錯(cuò)誤所抱的態(tài)度，是衡量這個(gè)黨是否真正履行對人民所負(fù)責(zé)任、是否真正有力量的重要尺度。面對錯(cuò)誤，黨始終體現(xiàn)出馬克思主義政黨和一個(gè)大黨應(yīng)有的格局、風(fēng)范和擔(dān)當(dāng)，實(shí)事求是，襟懷坦白，贏得了人民的理解和擁護(hù)。

The CPC openly confronts its shortcomings and errors. As a party in service of the people, it is not afraid of criticism of its shortcomings. It always retains what is right and corrects what is wrong, all in the best interests of the people. After the Great Leap Forward [ This refers to the socialist movement from the winter of 1957 to early 1960 that set unrealistic goals for industry and agriculture, with an overemphasis on speed. It reflected the people's urgent need for development, but failed to respect basic economic laws.], Mao Zedong offered to take responsibility for the mistake. The Party leadership explained to the other political parties and non-affiliates that the CPC and particularly its Central Committee should take the main responsibility for the error, and offered sincere self-criticism.

The attitude of a Marxist party towards its mistakes is an important means to gauge whether it can fulfill its responsibilities towards the people, and whether it is truly a capable organization. In the case of the CPC, as a large Marxist party it always acts in ways commensurate with its character, breadth of vision, and sense of responsibility. Seeking truth from facts, it remains open to criticism and suggestions, and this has won understanding and support from the public.

實(shí)事求是地總結(jié)教訓(xùn)，在修正錯(cuò)誤中繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。人民至上的深厚情懷、對黨的事業(yè)的高度責(zé)任感、民主集中制的根本組織原則、批評與自我批評的有力武器，使得黨既有敢于面對錯(cuò)誤的勇氣，也有認(rèn)識(shí)錯(cuò)誤、修正錯(cuò)誤的能力。黨對自己包括領(lǐng)袖人物的失誤和錯(cuò)誤，歷來采取鄭重的態(tài)度，一是敢于承認(rèn)，二是正確分析，三是堅(jiān)決糾正，從而使失誤和錯(cuò)誤連同黨的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)一起成為寶貴的歷史教材。新民主主義革命時(shí)期，黨從大革命失敗和第五次反“圍剿”失敗的錯(cuò)誤中汲取教訓(xùn)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中國革命走上正確的道路。社會(huì)主義革命和建設(shè)時(shí)期，黨糾正“大躍進(jìn)”和“文化大革命”【“文化大革命”，簡稱“文革”。指1966年5月至1976年10月中國進(jìn)行的一場由毛澤東錯(cuò)誤發(fā)動(dòng)、廣大群眾參與并卷入其中，被林彪、江青集團(tuán)利用，給中國共產(chǎn)黨、國家和各族人民帶來嚴(yán)重災(zāi)難的政治運(yùn)動(dòng)?！康腻e(cuò)誤，深刻全面地總結(jié)教訓(xùn)，為開辟中國特色社會(huì)主義道路奠定了基礎(chǔ)。黨在與“左”的和右的兩種錯(cuò)誤傾向長期斗爭過程中，全面系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，先后作出《關(guān)于若干歷史問題的決議》《關(guān)于建國以來黨的若干歷史問題的決議》，深刻分析所犯錯(cuò)誤根源，對重大歷史事件和重要?dú)v史人物作出實(shí)事求是的評價(jià)，統(tǒng)一了全黨思想，維護(hù)了全黨團(tuán)結(jié)，為黨繼續(xù)前進(jìn)提供了重要保證。

The CPC learns from its mistakes, and, while correcting them, presses on. It has the courage to do this precisely because it has a deep love for the people and a strong sense of its cause. It applies the fundamental principle of democratic centralism, and employs the powerful weapon of criticism and self-criticism. Honestly acknowledging its problems and mistakes, including those of its leaders, the CPC has always conducted careful analysis of root causes and taken resolute measures to correct them. Its mistakes, failures, and lessons, together with its successes, all serve as an invaluable textbook.

During the New Democratic Revolution, the CPC drew lessons from the failed Great Revolution and from its defeat in the KMT's fifth encirclement and suppression campaign. It subsequently led the Chinese revolution onto the correct path.

During socialist revolution and reconstruction, the Party corrected the mistakes of the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution [ This refers to the tumultuous political movement from May 1966 to October 1976 initiated by Mao Zedong and manipulated by two counter-revolutionary cliques under Lin Biao and Jiang Qing. It caused great harm to the Party, the nation, and the people.], and conducted a comprehensive, in-depth review of the hard lessons it had learned, thus laying the groundwork for socialism with Chinese characteristics.

In the long-term fight against both Leftist and Rightist tendencies, the Party has made its position clear in the Resolution on Certain Issues in the History of the CPC (released in 1945) and the Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of the CPC Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China (released in 1981). The two resolutions document grave problems and mistakes in the history of the Party. They analyze the root causes and draw objective conclusions regarding important historical events and figures. In this way the whole Party has come to a clear consensus on its past and thus grown stronger in unity.

沒有一個(gè)政黨是不犯錯(cuò)誤的，重要的是能否從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)，取得教訓(xùn)。中國共產(chǎn)黨是偉大、光榮、正確的黨，并不是因?yàn)閺膩聿环稿e(cuò)誤，而是因?yàn)槟軌蛘_認(rèn)識(shí)錯(cuò)誤，從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)，通過錯(cuò)誤的教訓(xùn)提高對客觀規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)，進(jìn)而糾正錯(cuò)誤，使錯(cuò)誤成為正確的先導(dǎo)。堅(jiān)持真理、修正錯(cuò)誤，永遠(yuǎn)是黨堅(jiān)持為人民服務(wù)、堅(jiān)持人民至上而恪守的態(tài)度。

Every political party makes mistakes. What matters most is whether it can learn from its mistakes and improve itself. The CPC is a great and glorious party that charts the correct course. This does not mean that it never errs, but that it adopts the correct approach to its mistakes, corrects them, and learns from them. To uphold truth and correct any mistake is the Party's approach to always serving the people and putting people first.

（三）保持肌體健康

3. Protecting the Party's Health

在革命、建設(shè)、改革中，中國共產(chǎn)黨面臨著形形色色的考驗(yàn)。外部世界的各種誘惑，管黨治黨的松懈松弛，黨員思想行為的不良變化，都會(huì)對黨的肌體造成侵害。黨堅(jiān)決同影響黨的先進(jìn)性、弱化黨的純潔性的各種現(xiàn)象作斗爭，不斷醫(yī)治病癥，堅(jiān)決鏟除毒瘤，保持肌體健康。

In revolution, reconstruction and reform, the CPC has been and will be confronted with all kinds of tests, including temptations from the outside world. Any slackness in enforcing Party self-discipline or any negative shift in its members' thinking and behavior will erode its health. With that in mind, the Party takes resolute measures against all phenomena that may undermine its integrity and progressive nature. It treats any signs or symptoms of disease as soon as they appear and promptly removes any virus or tumor identified in order to protect its health.

保持黨員隊(duì)伍活力。黨員是黨的活動(dòng)的主體。黨高度重視黨員隊(duì)伍建設(shè)，在增加數(shù)量的同時(shí)提升質(zhì)量，把黨員鍛造成為一個(gè)個(gè)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)個(gè)體，黨的隊(duì)伍越來越團(tuán)結(jié)、越來越強(qiáng)大。在不同歷史時(shí)期，黨都注重結(jié)合時(shí)代特點(diǎn)，最廣泛地吸收社會(huì)各方面的先進(jìn)分子，補(bǔ)充新鮮血液，使黨始終代表最廣大人民的根本利益。雖然不同時(shí)期入黨條件和程序有一些變化，但對黨員的要求都很高，入黨程序都很嚴(yán)格。成為共產(chǎn)黨員，沒有身份、學(xué)歷、財(cái)富等要求，但有著十分嚴(yán)格的政治和道德要求。申請入黨要履行嚴(yán)格手續(xù)、經(jīng)過認(rèn)真教育和嚴(yán)格考察后才能成為正式黨員。黨始終重視加強(qiáng)黨員隊(duì)伍教育管理，使得來源不同的黨員在黨的大熔爐里，錘煉成為堅(jiān)定的共產(chǎn)主義戰(zhàn)士。黨員不論職務(wù)高低，都必須編入黨的一個(gè)支部、小組或其他特定組織，參加黨的組織生活，接受黨內(nèi)外群眾的監(jiān)督，開展批評和自我批評。在加強(qiáng)日常教育管理的同時(shí)，黨還圍繞一個(gè)時(shí)期面臨的形勢任務(wù)，針對黨員隊(duì)伍存在的突出問題，開展黨內(nèi)集中教育。黨高度重視作風(fēng)建設(shè)，把它作為關(guān)系人心向背、關(guān)系黨的生死存亡的重大問題，通過堅(jiān)決有力的措施，防止和懲治脫離人民、侵害人民利益的各種行為，始終保持黨同人民群眾的血肉聯(lián)系。黨的主體由健全的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的分子組成，但也不可避免地?fù)诫s不堅(jiān)定分子、變節(jié)分子、異己分子和腐敗分子。對不合格黨員，黨及時(shí)提出警告、促其改正，嚴(yán)重者堅(jiān)決清理出黨。

Maintaining the vitality of Party members. As Party members play the primary role in implementing CPC programs and activities, the Party attaches great importance to strengthening its membership in both quantitative and qualitative terms and making them a strong and united contingent of staunch Communists. In all historical periods, in the light of changing circumstances, the Party has given particular attention to replenishing its ranks by admitting progressive people from all sectors of society, so that it always represents the fundamental interests of the people. Although the eligibility and procedures for Party membership have varied in different periods, the requirements for Party members always remain high and procedures for joining the Party always remain rigorous. Personal status, level of education and financial background are irrelevant to qualification for CPC membership, but political and moral requirements are strict. An applicant must go through stringent procedures and undergo rigorous education and observation for a probationary period before becoming a full member.

The CPC considers it imperative to strengthen the education and management of its members, regardless of their origins and background, to forge resolute Communists. Every Party member, irrespective of position, must join a branch, group, or other given unit of the Party. They must participate in the regular activities of the Party organizations, place themselves under the scrutiny of people both within and outside the Party, and engage in criticism and self-criticism.

In addition to regular education and day-to-day management, the CPC also carries out themed education programs focusing on the situations and tasks that it faces in any given period, and on the prominent problems that confront its members. The Party gives priority to improving its conduct and regards this as a major issue that has a direct impact on its prospects of winning or losing public support and on the very survival of the Party. To forever maintain its close ties with the people, it applies resolute and effective measures to prevent or punish any action that creates barriers between the Party and the people or infringes on their interests.

The Party is mostly composed of sound and committed members, yet it is inevitable that some of them may become fainthearts, dissidents, corrupt elements, or traitors. To its underperforming members the Party sounds a warning and instructs them to rectify their conduct in a timely manner; it resolutely expels those with serious failings.

加強(qiáng)對權(quán)力的制約和監(jiān)督。中國共產(chǎn)黨的權(quán)力是人民賦予的，只能用來為人民謀利益，黨對此始終保持清醒認(rèn)識(shí)。黨創(chuàng)立伊始，就指出地方委員會(huì)的財(cái)政、活動(dòng)和政策應(yīng)受中央執(zhí)行委員會(huì)的監(jiān)督?？谷諔?zhàn)爭時(shí)期，黨提出只有讓人民來監(jiān)督政府，政府才不敢松懈。新中國成立后不久，黨成立了中央及地方各級紀(jì)律檢查委員會(huì)，成立國家行政監(jiān)察部門，加強(qiáng)對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部特別是高級干部的監(jiān)督。改革開放新時(shí)期，黨積極推進(jìn)黨和國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)制度改革，健全完善黨委內(nèi)部的議事和決策機(jī)制，建立健全決策權(quán)、執(zhí)行權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)既相互制約又相互協(xié)調(diào)的權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)行機(jī)制。黨的十八大以來，黨把加強(qiáng)對權(quán)力的制約和監(jiān)督作為全面從嚴(yán)治黨重要內(nèi)容，圍繞“把權(quán)力關(guān)進(jìn)制度的籠子里”，突出“一把手”和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子這個(gè)“關(guān)鍵少數(shù)”，以巡視工作條例、黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督條例等為重點(diǎn)健全黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督法規(guī)體系，鍛造巡視利劍并組織開展大規(guī)模巡視，實(shí)現(xiàn)向中央一級黨和國家機(jī)關(guān)全面派駐紀(jì)檢機(jī)構(gòu)，深化國家監(jiān)察體制改革，把黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督同國家機(jī)關(guān)監(jiān)督、民主監(jiān)督、司法監(jiān)督、群眾監(jiān)督、輿論監(jiān)督貫通起來，讓權(quán)力在陽光下運(yùn)行。

Strengthening checks and scrutiny over the exercise of power. The mandate of the CPC comes from the people and must be exercised in the interests of the people. The Party is always soberly aware of this. Upon its founding, the Party stipulated that the finances, activities and policies of local committees would be supervised by the Central Executive Committee. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Party made it clear that only under public scrutiny could a government be clean and efficient. Soon after the founding of the PRC, the Party set up commissions for disciplinary inspection and the state established supervisory departments at the central and local levels to bring officials under closer scrutiny, especially those in senior positions. Since the beginning of reform and opening up, the Party has actively pressed forward with reform of the system of Party and state leadership, improving the mechanisms for deliberation and decision-making within Party committees, and establishing and improving a framework for the exercise of power under which decision-making power, executive power and supervisory power are mutually exclusive but are coordinated with each other. Since its 18th National Congress, the CPC has been strengthening checks on and scrutiny over the exercise of power as an important part of its full and strict self-discipline.

Focusing on confining the exercise of power in an institutional cage, the Party gives prominence to scrutiny of the "key few" – the principal members of the leadership teams at all levels. It is improving its regulatory system for internal oversight, the priorities being the introduction of provisions on tours of disciplinary inspection and the regulations on internal scrutiny. While strengthening the deterrent role of disciplinary inspection, the Party has launched massive inspection campaigns and dispatched resident disciplinary inspection agencies to the central-level departments of the Party and the government. It works to extend reform of the national supervision system and integrates intra-Party oversight with oversight by state organs, democratic oversight, judicial oversight, public oversight, and oversight by the media, to ensure that power is exercised under public scrutiny.

堅(jiān)決反對腐敗。腐敗問題是關(guān)系黨的生死存亡的重大問題。中國共產(chǎn)黨深知腐敗之害，與腐敗水火不容。黨成立之初就提出對腐化分子混入黨內(nèi)的現(xiàn)象必須高度警惕，要求堅(jiān)決清洗不良分子，和不良傾向斗爭。新中國成立初期，在黨政機(jī)關(guān)工作人員中開展反對貪污、反對浪費(fèi)、反對官僚主義的“三反”運(yùn)動(dòng)，特別是判處在革命戰(zhàn)爭中有過功勞但墮落成為大貪污犯的劉青山、張子善死刑，在全黨引起震動(dòng)。黨的十八大以來，面對一段時(shí)間內(nèi)黨內(nèi)腐敗問題比較嚴(yán)重的狀況，黨以“得罪千百人，不負(fù)十四億”的意志，以猛藥去疴、重典治亂的決心，以刮骨療毒、壯士斷腕的勇氣，堅(jiān)持反腐敗無禁區(qū)、全覆蓋、零容忍，堅(jiān)定不移“打虎”“拍蠅”“獵狐”，以雷霆之勢、霹靂手段懲治腐敗，持續(xù)形成強(qiáng)大震懾，同時(shí)，堅(jiān)持系統(tǒng)施治、標(biāo)本兼治，一體推進(jìn)不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐，反腐敗斗爭取得壓倒性勝利并全面鞏固。在解決腐敗這個(gè)古今中外治國理政的頑疾方面，黨不僅有鮮明態(tài)度，更有實(shí)際行動(dòng)。

Resolutely combating corruption. Corruption is a major threat to the Party's survival. The CPC is fully aware of the harm that corruption can do and tolerates no corruption. At its very beginning, the Party cautioned that it must stay keenly alert to the entryism of corrupt elements, and vowed to resolutely expel bad elements and fight against negative trends. In the early years of the PRC, the Party launched the campaign against the "three evils" of corruption, waste and bureaucratism within Party and government institutions. In particular, the death penalties imposed on Liu Qingshan and Zhang Zishan, both of whom had performed with great merit in the revolutionary war but later degenerated into major embezzlers, sent a shockwave through the whole Party.

Since its 18th National Congress, facing a situation where corruption had been a growing problem in the Party for some time, the CPC has demonstrated its commitment to resolute action. It would rather offend a few thousand corrupt officials than fail to live up to the expectations of 1.4 billion Chinese people. It has remained firm in its determination and demonstrated great courage in combating corruption. Just as heavy doses of medicine are needed to treat serious disease, stringent measures must be applied to address serious corruption. To this end, the Party has allowed no safe haven, left no ground unturned, and shown no tolerance in fighting corruption. It has taken firm action to "take out tigers", "swat flies", and "hunt down foxes". [ Tigers and flies respectively refer to high-ranking and petty officials guilty of corruption, while foxes refer to corrupt officials who have fled abroad. – Tr.] To form a powerful deterrent it has punished corruption with decisive measures and overwhelming severity. At the same time it has taken a systemic approach to addressing both the symptoms and root causes of corruption, ensuring that officials do not dare to be, are denied the opportunity to be, and have no wish to be corrupt. As a result, a crushing victory has been won in the anti-corruption campaign and the success has been consolidated. In resolving the issue of corruption, a persistent problem in governance at all times and across the globe, the Party has adopted an uncompromising attitude and taken concrete actions.

堅(jiān)決防止在黨內(nèi)形成特權(quán)階層。中國共產(chǎn)黨深刻汲取古今中外治黨不嚴(yán)、治國不力的深刻教訓(xùn)，刀刃向內(nèi)，從嚴(yán)治黨，從黨中央嚴(yán)起、從黨的高級干部嚴(yán)起，嚴(yán)下先嚴(yán)上、嚴(yán)人先嚴(yán)己。革命戰(zhàn)爭年代，從黨的領(lǐng)袖、黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人到各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部，與普通士兵和廣大群眾同甘共苦，形成了無堅(jiān)不摧的戰(zhàn)斗力。新中國成立后，黨采取有力措施加強(qiáng)對黨的高級干部的監(jiān)督。改革開放初期，黨對高級干部生活待遇作出若干規(guī)定，強(qiáng)調(diào)高級干部必須帶頭發(fā)揚(yáng)黨的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。黨的十八大以來，黨中央以身作則、以上率下，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行中央八項(xiàng)規(guī)定【中央八項(xiàng)規(guī)定，即黨的十八屆中央政治局關(guān)于改進(jìn)工作作風(fēng)、密切聯(lián)系群眾的八項(xiàng)規(guī)定，主要內(nèi)容是：改進(jìn)調(diào)查研究、精簡會(huì)議活動(dòng)、精簡文件簡報(bào)、規(guī)范出訪活動(dòng)、改進(jìn)警衛(wèi)工作、改進(jìn)新聞報(bào)道、嚴(yán)格文稿發(fā)表、厲行勤儉節(jié)約?！?，并把反“四風(fēng)”【“四風(fēng)”，指形式主義、官僚主義、享樂主義和奢靡之風(fēng)?！?、反腐敗與反特權(quán)思想和特權(quán)現(xiàn)象相結(jié)合，在干部辦公用房、公務(wù)用車、秘書配備、公務(wù)消費(fèi)等方面出臺(tái)了一系列整治措施，嚴(yán)格規(guī)范領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部特別是高級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部的工作和生活待遇，帶動(dòng)了全黨全社會(huì)風(fēng)氣整體轉(zhuǎn)變，凝聚了黨心民心，提升了黨在人民心中的形象和威信。

Preventing the formation of an entitled elite in the Party. The CPC has drawn profound lessons from examples of failure or ineffective leadership of political parties or states throughout history and across the world. It is always strict with itself, with its Central Committee, and with its senior officials. In the years of revolutionary war, the Party's top leaders and other officials at all levels stood together with the rank and file through thick and thin, forming an invincible force. After the founding of the PRC, the Party adopted rigorous measures to bring senior officials under closer scrutiny. In the early years of reform and opening up, it set out provisions delimiting the legitimate privileges of senior officials, and emphasizing that they must take the lead in carrying forward the Party's fine traditions. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the Central Committee has played a model role in strictly observing its Eight Rules [ The Eight Rules were set by the Political Bureau of the 18th CPC Central Committee to urge all officials to improve their ways of doing things and maintain close ties with the people. They are summarized as follows: improving investigation and fact-finding trips, streamlining meetings and other activities, reducing documents and briefings, standardizing arrangements for visits abroad, improving security procedures, improving news reports, imposing restrictions on publishing writings, and practicing diligence and frugality.]. It opposes corruption and the Four Malfeasances [ The Four Malfeasances refer to the practices of favoring form over substance, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance.], as well as any sense of entitlement and the inclination to act on it. It has issued a series of rectifying measures on the assignment of offices, official vehicles, and immediate staff, and on spending in the performance of official duties, with the goal of strictly delimiting the privileges of officials, especially senior officials. All of this has led to a complete change in the whole ethos of the Party and society. As a result, the Party has boosted the faith of its members and the people, and enhanced its image and authority in their hearts.

（四）注重學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié)

4. Promoting Study and Review

中國共產(chǎn)黨是有本事的黨。100年來，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民創(chuàng)造了以少勝多、以弱勝強(qiáng)的戰(zhàn)爭奇跡，創(chuàng)造了經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展奇跡和社會(huì)長期穩(wěn)定奇跡，一次次讓不可能成為可能。黨之所以能夠站在時(shí)代潮頭、引領(lǐng)風(fēng)氣之先，能夠應(yīng)對復(fù)雜形勢、完成艱巨任務(wù)，一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素在于黨注重學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié)和吸收借鑒，不斷增強(qiáng)進(jìn)行革命、建設(shè)、改革所需要的實(shí)際本領(lǐng)。

The CPC is a capable party. Over the past hundred years, it has led the people to numerous great achievements: defeating the many and strong with the few and weak in war, maintaining rapid economic growth and lasting social stability, and turning the impossible into the possible again and again. The reasons that the Party has been able to stand in the forefront of the times, respond to complex circumstances, and complete arduous tasks, are twofold. One is its emphasis on study and review; the other its commitment to drawing on good experience from other countries to strengthen its own capability for revolution, reconstruction and reform.

中國共產(chǎn)黨是學(xué)習(xí)型政黨。黨的性質(zhì)和擔(dān)負(fù)的使命，要求黨必須注重學(xué)習(xí)、善于學(xué)習(xí)、不斷學(xué)習(xí)。面對不斷發(fā)展變化的形勢任務(wù)，黨始終甘當(dāng)小學(xué)生，向群眾學(xué)、向?qū)嵺`學(xué)、向歷史學(xué)、向別人學(xué)。革命戰(zhàn)爭年代，黨靠著學(xué)習(xí)，找到了中國革命的正確道路。新中國成立初期，黨靠著學(xué)習(xí)，迅速恢復(fù)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)，使國內(nèi)外那些懷疑共產(chǎn)黨能夠搞好經(jīng)濟(jì)的人們也不能不表示贊佩。改革開放后，黨靠著學(xué)習(xí)，探索出中國特色社會(huì)主義道路。進(jìn)入新時(shí)代，面對現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展和復(fù)雜的國內(nèi)外環(huán)境，黨提出建設(shè)學(xué)習(xí)型、服務(wù)型、創(chuàng)新型馬克思主義執(zhí)政黨的重大任務(wù)，在全黨大興學(xué)習(xí)之風(fēng)，執(zhí)政能力和執(zhí)政水平顯著提升。黨重視抓好領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部特別是高級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部的學(xué)習(xí)，培養(yǎng)了一支治黨治國治軍的中堅(jiān)力量。中共中央政治局建立集體學(xué)習(xí)制度【中央政治局集體學(xué)習(xí)，指中共中央政治局定期學(xué)習(xí)制度。由中共中央總書記主持并發(fā)表講話，中央政治局全體成員參加，邀請有關(guān)部門負(fù)責(zé)人、專家學(xué)者，就經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、歷史、文化、社會(huì)、科技、軍事、外交等問題進(jìn)行專題講解。第十八屆中央政治局共開展43次集體學(xué)習(xí)。截至2021年7月30日，第十九屆中央政治局共開展32次集體學(xué)習(xí)?！?，為全黨起到了重要的帶頭示范作用。建立黨委（黨組）理論學(xué)習(xí)中心組學(xué)習(xí)制度，各級黨委（黨組）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子成員定期圍繞不同主題進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。在全黨定期或不定期開展形勢政策教育。依托中央和地方各級黨校（行政學(xué)院），開展大規(guī)模多層次培訓(xùn)。重視學(xué)習(xí)、善于學(xué)習(xí)，使得黨能夠適應(yīng)不斷發(fā)展變化的形勢，樹立新觀念，掌握新本領(lǐng)，解決新問題。黨依靠學(xué)習(xí)贏得過去，也將依靠學(xué)習(xí)贏得未來。

The CPC is a learning party. Its nature and mission require it to devote attention to learning, be adept at learning, and continue to learn. Facing developments and changes in its circumstances and tasks, the Party has always been modest, learning from the people, from experience, from history and from other countries.

In the years of revolutionary war, it was by learning that the Party found the correct path for the Chinese revolution. After the founding of the PRC, it was by learning that the CPC was able to quickly restore the economy, winning praise and respect from those doubting its ability. After the launch of reform and opening up, it was by learning that the Party opened up the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the new era of surging modern information technology and a complex domestic and international landscape, the Party has set a major task – to develop itself into a learning, service-oriented, and innovative Marxist governing party, launching campaigns to encourage learning within the Party to strengthen its ability in governance.

The CPC gives priority to learning by officials, particularly those in leading positions, through which it has cultivated a strong contingent of individuals capable of leading the Party, governing the country, and commanding the military. The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee has a system of regular group study sessions [ Under this system, the general secretary presides over each session and delivers a speech, and all members of the Political Bureau attend the session. Experts and academics are invited to give lectures on issues relating to the economy, politics, history, culture, society, science and technology, military affairs, foreign relations, and other subjects. The Political Bureau of the 18th CPC Central Committee held 43 group study sessions. By July 30, 2021, the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee had held 32 group study sessions.], playing an exemplary and leading role for the whole Party. There is also a system of study groups for leading officials, under which Party committees and Party leadership groups at all levels hold study sessions on different topics on a regular basis. Various activities are organized to educate Party members on the current situation and the Party's targeted policies. Training on a large scale and at multiple levels is conducted by central and local Party schools or schools of governance. This requirement for learning and being able to learn has enabled the Party to adapt to changing circumstances, foster new ideas, acquire new skills and solve new problems. It is through learning that the Party has succeeded in the past, and it is through learning that it will succeed in the future.

中國共產(chǎn)黨是靠總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)成長起來的。不論是革命戰(zhàn)爭年代還是和平建設(shè)時(shí)期，從黨中央到基層組織，完成階段性工作和重大任務(wù)后，都要進(jìn)行總結(jié)，發(fā)揚(yáng)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，克服缺點(diǎn)，繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，做到打一仗進(jìn)一步。勤于總結(jié)、善于總結(jié)，已經(jīng)成為黨重要的思想方法和工作方法。黨既重視總結(jié)成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，更重視從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)。自己犯的錯(cuò)誤特別是大錯(cuò)誤，暴露出的問題、揭示出的規(guī)律往往更加深刻，更值得總結(jié)。歷史上，黨每次都能從大的錯(cuò)誤中總結(jié)教訓(xùn)，使黨的事業(yè)有一個(gè)大的推進(jìn)。黨在探索、總結(jié)、提高的螺旋式上升中，實(shí)現(xiàn)了重要經(jīng)驗(yàn)的提煉升華，實(shí)現(xiàn)了具有重要意義的歷史轉(zhuǎn)折。當(dāng)代中國是歷史中國的延續(xù)和發(fā)展。黨高度重視歷史的學(xué)習(xí)，反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)中國歷史，學(xué)習(xí)黨史、新中國史、改革開放史、社會(huì)主義發(fā)展史，在汲取歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)中不斷前進(jìn)。黨以史為鑒，既注重從中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化中汲取治國理政的智慧和營養(yǎng)，也深刻汲取歷代政權(quán)更迭和各種政治力量衰敗的教訓(xùn)，反復(fù)警醒全黨，避免重蹈覆轍。黨不僅注重總結(jié)汲取自身和本國歷史的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，還注重總結(jié)汲取世界政黨特別是世界社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，以其為鏡鑒，反思和改進(jìn)黨的工作，不斷提高執(zhí)政能力和拒腐防變能力。

The CPC has grown strong by reviewing experience and summarizing the lessons learned. Whether in times of war or peace, Party organizations, from the top-level Central Committee to the grassroots, produce a review after completing a project or major task, so that they can identify successes, remedy shortcomings, and move forward. Being diligent in and adept at reviewing experience has become an important part of the Party's theoretical and practical work. In addition to summing up successful experience, the CPC attaches great importance to drawing lessons from and learning from failures. Problems and mistakes – particularly serious ones – and the requirements revealed by such mistakes and problems are often worth summarizing. Throughout its history, the CPC has been able to draw lessons from every major error, in order to advance its cause. From this progressive spiral of review, summary, and action the CPC has extracted important experience, and gone on to make changes of historic significance.

Contemporary China is the extension and development of China in the past. The CPC pays close attention to learning from history and constantly emphasizes the significance of such learning. By studying its own history and the history of China, including the PRC, reform and opening up, and the development of socialism, the Party has been able to move forward based on historical experience. To learn from history the CPC draws on wisdom and nutrients from the best of traditional Chinese culture, and at the same time learns lessons from the rise and fall of previous regimes or political powers. It reminds the whole Party not to commit the same errors. The CPC also sums up experience and lessons from other political parties around the world and from the world socialist movement, to reflect on and improve its work, reinforce its ability to govern the country, and combat corruption.

中國共產(chǎn)黨是開明開放的政黨。對于人類文明的一切優(yōu)秀成果，黨從來都是結(jié)合實(shí)際，以開放態(tài)度積極吸收借鑒。新中國成立后，黨借鑒蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)驗(yàn)開展社會(huì)主義革命和建設(shè)，對于恢復(fù)和發(fā)展國民經(jīng)濟(jì)，推動(dòng)社會(huì)主義改造和工業(yè)化發(fā)展，發(fā)揮了重要作用。改革開放后，黨積極吸收和借鑒世界各國包括發(fā)達(dá)資本主義國家的一切反映現(xiàn)代社會(huì)化生產(chǎn)規(guī)律的先進(jìn)經(jīng)營方式、管理方法和科學(xué)技術(shù)，顯著提升了中國的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)水平。黨的十八大以來，黨積極推動(dòng)文明交流互鑒，深化與其他政黨治國理政經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流，加強(qiáng)多種形式、多種層次的國際政黨交流合作，通過政黨間協(xié)商合作促進(jìn)國家間協(xié)調(diào)合作，推動(dòng)共同發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)互利共贏。

The CPC is an open-minded party. Proceeding from China's realities, the Party absorbs and draws on all the excellent achievements of human civilization. After the founding of the PRC, it learned from the Soviet Union how to carry out socialist revolution and how to build socialism, which helped it to restore and develop the economy and advance socialist transformation and industrialization.

After the launch of reform and opening up, it drew on advanced operating models, managerial experience, and technologies that embody the laws of modern socialized production. What the Party learned from the rest of the world, including developed capitalist countries, helped advance China's modernization.

Since its 18th National Congress, the CPC has promoted exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations, expanded the sharing of experience with political parties from other countries, and strengthened communication and cooperation in many forms and at multiple levels with political parties around the world. Through consultation and cooperation with other political parties, the CPC has strengthened China's ties with other countries in pursuit of common development and mutual benefit.

100年來，中國共產(chǎn)黨歷經(jīng)千錘百煉而朝氣蓬勃，一個(gè)很重要的原因就是勇于自我革命。未來路上，黨仍然面臨著精神懈怠危險(xiǎn)、能力不足危險(xiǎn)、脫離群眾危險(xiǎn)、消極腐敗危險(xiǎn)，仍然面臨著執(zhí)政考驗(yàn)、改革開放考驗(yàn)、市場經(jīng)濟(jì)考驗(yàn)、外部環(huán)境考驗(yàn)。但是，經(jīng)過百年磨礪，黨具有自我革命的勇氣和能力，能夠經(jīng)受住各種挑戰(zhàn)和考驗(yàn)，不變質(zhì)、不變色、不變味，始終保持旺盛生機(jī)和活力。

Over the past hundred years, the CPC has remained robust and vibrant despite having undergone so many trials and tribulations. An important reason for this is that it has had the courage to carry out self-reform. On the way ahead, the Party will still face dangers – loss of drive, incompetence, disengagement from the people, inaction, or corruption. And it will still be confronted with tests of its capacity to exercise governance of the country, carry out reform and opening up, develop the market economy, and respond to external volatility.

However, after a hundred years of hard struggle, the CPC has the courage and ability to carry out self-reform and is able to meet any challenge and withstand any test. It will never change or betray its nature. It will always remain dynamic and grow stronger.

五、為人類和平與發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)力量

V. Contributing to World Peace and Development

中國共產(chǎn)黨是為中國人民謀幸福的政黨，也是為人類進(jìn)步事業(yè)奮斗的政黨。無論國際風(fēng)云如何變幻，中國共產(chǎn)黨始終秉持和平、發(fā)展、公平、正義、民主、自由的全人類共同價(jià)值，始終弘揚(yáng)國際主義精神，始終站在歷史正確的一邊，站在人類進(jìn)步的一邊，為世界和平發(fā)展作出貢獻(xiàn)。黨的十八大以來，中國日益走近世界舞臺(tái)中央，黨全面推進(jìn)中國特色大國外交和推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，以更加積極的姿態(tài)在國際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮作用。中國共產(chǎn)黨用實(shí)際行動(dòng)，贏得了世界愛好和平國家和人民的尊敬，中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國人民的朋友遍天下。

The CPC is a political party that seeks happiness for the people and progress for humanity. No matter how the global situation might have changed, the CPC has always pursued the shared human values of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom. It has championed internationalism, stood on the right side of history and the progressive side of humanity, and contributed to world peace and development.

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, China has moved closer to the center of the world stage. Playing a more active role in international affairs, the Party has consistently promoted major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics and the building of a global community of shared future. It has won respect from peace-loving people throughout the world with real actions, and friends of the CPC and the Chinese people are to be found all over the world.

（一）維護(hù)世界和平

1. Safeguarding World Peace

中國共產(chǎn)黨從苦難中走來，為爭取民族獨(dú)立、人民解放歷經(jīng)千辛萬苦，深知和平來之不易。在錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的國際形勢中，中國共產(chǎn)黨始終高舉正義的旗幟，支持和平、反對戰(zhàn)爭，支持民主、反對強(qiáng)權(quán)，支持多邊主義、反對單邊主義，堅(jiān)定維護(hù)世界和平，堅(jiān)定維護(hù)國際公平正義。

Having gone through many testing times in pursuing national independence and the people's liberation, the CPC deeply understands how precious peace is. In a complex world, the CPC has always championed justice, peace, democracy and multilateralism while opposing war, hegemony and unilateralism.

在世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭中捍衛(wèi)人類和平。在這場關(guān)乎人類前途命運(yùn)的歷史大決戰(zhàn)中，中國共產(chǎn)黨為和平而戰(zhàn)、為正義而戰(zhàn)。面對錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的民族矛盾和國內(nèi)階級矛盾，黨以民族利益為重，堅(jiān)定扛起反法西斯侵略的旗幟，支撐起中華民族救亡圖存的希望。黨提出全面抗戰(zhàn)路線，推動(dòng)建立抗日民族統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線，實(shí)現(xiàn)了近代以來不曾有過的全民族共同抗敵的嶄新局面。黨提出打持久戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)略總方針，極大增強(qiáng)了中國人民堅(jiān)持抗戰(zhàn)的信念，為中國抗戰(zhàn)指明了方向。黨不但在世界東方推動(dòng)率先建成抗日民族統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線，也積極推動(dòng)建立國際反法西斯統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線。戰(zhàn)爭后期，黨積極支持聯(lián)合國的創(chuàng)建，為推動(dòng)構(gòu)建戰(zhàn)后和平秩序發(fā)揮了積極作用。黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民開辟了世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭的東方主戰(zhàn)場，在中國抗日戰(zhàn)爭中發(fā)揮中流砥柱作用，為世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭作出重要貢獻(xiàn)。

Defending world peace in World War II. During this epic war on which the future of humanity depended, the CPC fought for peace and justice. In a complex conflict involving nations and domestic classes, it made the interests of the country its priority, steadfastly resisted Fascist aggression, and carried the hopes for national salvation. The Party led the people in fighting in the major eastern theater of the war, and made an important contribution to the ultimate victory.

During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the CPC proposed the guidelines for all-out resistance, and pushed for the formation of a united front, creating a situation never before seen in the country's modern history. It defined the strategic guidelines for a protracted war, solidified the Chinese people's resolution to fight, charted the direction for them, and played a key role in the victory.

In addition to taking the lead in successfully pushing for the united front in China, the CPC also called for a united international anti-Fascist front. During the later stages of the war, the Party actively supported the founding of the United Nations, and played an important role in the establishment of a peaceful post-WWII order.

旗幟鮮明反對霸權(quán)主義和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治。中國共產(chǎn)黨在反抗外敵入侵中誕生，反對霸權(quán)、反對強(qiáng)權(quán)是黨與生俱來的鮮明品質(zhì)。新中國成立后，在對外政策上堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主原則，堅(jiān)持中國共產(chǎn)黨的事情必須由中國共產(chǎn)黨來辦、中國的事情必須由中國人民來辦，決不允許外來任何力量、任何形式的干涉，決不屈服于任何外來壓力，始終保證國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益牢牢掌握在自己手中。黨鮮明提出，“一切反動(dòng)派都是紙老虎”。面對美帝國主義的粗暴挑釁，以戰(zhàn)止戰(zhàn)、以武止戈，取得抗美援朝戰(zhàn)爭勝利，以鐵的事實(shí)說明霸權(quán)主義不得人心、注定失敗。上世紀(jì)70年代，黨提出“三個(gè)世界”【“三個(gè)世界”，1974年2月22日，毛澤東會(huì)見贊比亞總統(tǒng)卡翁達(dá)時(shí)提出了劃分三個(gè)世界的觀點(diǎn)。按照這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，第一世界，指美國和蘇聯(lián)兩個(gè)擁有最強(qiáng)的軍事和經(jīng)濟(jì)力量、在世界范圍推行霸權(quán)主義的超級大國；第三世界，指亞洲、非洲、拉丁美洲和其他地區(qū)的發(fā)展中國家；第二世界，指處于這兩者之間的發(fā)達(dá)國家?！康膭澐?，并強(qiáng)調(diào)中國屬于第三世界，要聯(lián)合世界上一切可以聯(lián)合的力量，結(jié)成最廣泛的國際反霸統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線。黨的十八大以來，面對個(gè)別國家的霸權(quán)主義、單邊主義，面對一些外國勢力在涉疆、涉藏、香港、臺(tái)灣問題，以及所謂人權(quán)、民族、宗教、司法等問題上對中國內(nèi)政的粗暴干涉，在南海、東海等問題上危害中國領(lǐng)土主權(quán)安全的各種圖謀與行為，黨原則堅(jiān)定、立場鮮明，敢于碰硬、堅(jiān)決斗爭，堅(jiān)定維護(hù)國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益。當(dāng)今世界，多極化是大勢所趨，某些國家試圖像以往那樣稱王稱霸、唯我獨(dú)尊已經(jīng)不可能了。任何國家都沒有包攬國際事務(wù)、主宰他國命運(yùn)、壟斷發(fā)展優(yōu)勢的權(quán)力，更不能在世界上我行我素，搞霸權(quán)、霸道、霸凌。今天的中國，已不是100年前的中國。中國人民從來沒有欺負(fù)、壓迫、奴役過其他國家人民，也絕不允許任何外來勢力欺負(fù)、壓迫、奴役中國人民，誰妄想這樣干，必將在14億多中國人民用血肉筑成的鋼鐵長城面前碰得頭破血流。

Taking a clear-cut stance against hegemony and power politics. Born in resistance against foreign aggression, the CPC has an innate opposition to hegemony and power politics. Since the founding of the PRC, the Party has maintained an independent foreign policy, insisting that the CPC's affairs must be handled by the CPC, and China's affairs must be managed by the Chinese people. It never permits interference by any external force in any form, and never yields to any external pressure. This ensures that China's sovereignty, security and development interests always rest in China's own hands.

In the words of Chairman Mao, "All reactionaries are paper tigers." Confronted with blatant US provocation, the CPC decided to fight to defend China, which led to victory in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea (the Korean War), proving that hegemony would not be tolerated and was doomed to failure. In the 1970s, the CPC put forward the Three Worlds Theory [ On February 22, 1974, when meeting with Zambian President Kenneth David Kaunda, Mao Zedong proposed classifying countries into three categories, or three worlds. The First World refers to the United States and the Soviet Union, at the time the two superpowers that were using their military and economic power to pursue hegemony. The Second World includes other developed countries. The Third World refers to developing countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and other regions.], emphasizing that China belonged to the Third World, and it united with all possible forces to form the broadest international front against hegemony.

Since its 18th National Congress, the CPC has faced challenges such as hegemony and unilateralism. It has seen blatant external interference in China's internal affairs related to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tibet Autonomous Region, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Taiwan. It has faced criticism on human rights, ethnic and religious affairs, and the judicial system. On the issue of the South China Sea and the East China Sea, some forces have hidden agendas and have even taken actions that threaten China's territorial security. The CPC has maintained a firm and clear-cut stance, and resolutely defended China's sovereignty, security and development interests.

In today's world, multilateralism is the prevailing trend. Any country that attempts to pursue hegemony and supremacy will fail. No country has the right to dictate international affairs, determine other countries' destiny, monopolize development resources, do as it pleases, or ride roughshod over others. Weak a hundred years ago, China is no longer weak today. The Chinese people have never abused, oppressed or subjugated the people of any other country. By the same token, we in China will never allow any foreign force to abuse, oppress or subjugate us. Any force that attempts to do so will inevitably fail in front of the great wall forged by over 1.4 billion Chinese people.

為維護(hù)世界和平貢獻(xiàn)智慧和力量。從和平共處五項(xiàng)原則，獨(dú)立自主的、不結(jié)盟的和平外交政策，到建設(shè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界，再到構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體、構(gòu)建新型國際關(guān)系、共建“一帶一路”等重要理念、重要倡議，中國共產(chǎn)黨為維護(hù)世界和平積極貢獻(xiàn)中國智慧、中國方案。中國共產(chǎn)黨既有維護(hù)世界和平的莊嚴(yán)承諾，更有維護(hù)世界和平的實(shí)際行動(dòng)。新中國成立以來，中國沒有主動(dòng)挑起過任何一場戰(zhàn)爭和沖突，沒有侵略過別國一寸土地。中國從擁有核武器的第一天起，就積極倡導(dǎo)全面禁止和徹底銷毀核武器，始終恪守在任何時(shí)候和任何情況下都不首先使用核武器。中國承諾無條件不對無核武器國家和無核武器區(qū)使用或威脅使用核武器。改革開放以來，中國致力于促進(jìn)世界和平，主動(dòng)裁減軍隊(duì)員額400余萬。中國始終不渝奉行防御性國防政策，堅(jiān)持走中國特色強(qiáng)軍之路，中國軍隊(duì)忠實(shí)踐行人類命運(yùn)共同體理念，積極履行大國軍隊(duì)國際責(zé)任，全面推進(jìn)新時(shí)代國際軍事合作，努力為建設(shè)持久和平、普遍安全的美好世界作出貢獻(xiàn)。中國積極參與國際軍控、裁軍和防擴(kuò)散進(jìn)程，反對軍備競賽，維護(hù)全球戰(zhàn)略平衡與穩(wěn)定。中國始終致力于通過談判、協(xié)商方式處理領(lǐng)土問題和海洋劃界爭端，同14個(gè)鄰國中的12個(gè)國家徹底解決了陸地邊界問題，劃定了中越北部灣海上界線，為和平解決國家間歷史遺留問題以及國際爭端開辟了嶄新道路。中國積極參與重大國際和地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問題解決，根據(jù)事情本身的是非曲直作出公正判斷，勸和促談，維穩(wěn)防亂，為維護(hù)國際和地區(qū)和平安寧發(fā)揮了建設(shè)性作用。

Contributing wisdom and efforts to maintaining world peace. Actively offering Chinese solutions to maintain world peace, the CPC has proposed important ideas and initiatives such as the five principles of peaceful coexistence, the independent foreign policy of peace and nonalignment, a harmonious world of lasting peace and prosperity, a global community of shared future, a new model of international relations, and the Belt and Road Initiative. The CPC has not limited itself to solemn promises – it has done what it can to safeguard world peace.

Since 1949, China has neither started a single war or conflict, nor occupied an inch of any other country's land. Since the day that China gained a nuclear weapon, it has been actively advocating for a comprehensive ban and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons, and has pledged to the world that it will never make first use of nuclear weapons, and will never use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against nuclear-free countries and regions.

To promote world peace after the launch of reform and opening up, China voluntarily downsized its military forces by more than 4 million people. It is committed to a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. It has followed the path of building a strong military with Chinese characteristics, devoted itself to building a global community of shared future, and actively assumed its international military responsibilities as a major country. It has given impetus to comprehensive international military cooperation, and contributed to creating a beautiful world with lasting peace and universal security. China has actively participated in arms control, disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation, and opposed arms races so as to maintain global strategic balance and stability.

China is committed to solving land and water border disputes through negotiations and consultation. It has settled all land border disputes with 12 of its 14 neighbors and delimited the maritime boundary in the Beibu Gulf with Vietnam. This provides a new model for the peaceful resolution of historical border issues and other international disputes. China has actively participated in defusing major international and regional flashpoints, making fair and fact-based judgments, facilitating peaceful negotiations, and contributing to international and regional peace and stability.

堅(jiān)定維護(hù)以聯(lián)合國為核心的國際體系。作為聯(lián)合國創(chuàng)始會(huì)員國、聯(lián)合國安全理事會(huì)常任理事國和最大發(fā)展中國家，中國始終堅(jiān)定維護(hù)聯(lián)合國權(quán)威和地位，恪守聯(lián)合國憲章宗旨和原則，維護(hù)以國際法為基礎(chǔ)的國際秩序，同各國一道，堅(jiān)守多邊主義，反對單邊主義。中國積極參加聯(lián)合國維和行動(dòng)，是聯(lián)合國第二大會(huì)費(fèi)國和維和攤款國，是安理會(huì)常任理事國維和行動(dòng)第一大出兵國。新時(shí)代的中國軍隊(duì)已經(jīng)成為聯(lián)合國維和行動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵因素和關(guān)鍵力量，為世界和平與發(fā)展注入更多正能量。中國嚴(yán)格履行《巴黎協(xié)定》《核安全公約》《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》《禁止生物武器公約》《禁止化學(xué)武器公約》等國際公約，在聯(lián)合國框架下積極開展能源安全、糧食安全、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全、生物安全、極地、外空、海洋等領(lǐng)域國際交流與合作。當(dāng)今世界面臨深刻的規(guī)則危機(jī)、秩序危機(jī)，維護(hù)規(guī)則、維護(hù)秩序十分緊迫。世界上只有一個(gè)體系、一種秩序，就是以聯(lián)合國為核心的國際體系和以國際法為基礎(chǔ)的國際秩序；只有一套規(guī)則，就是以聯(lián)合國憲章宗旨和原則為基礎(chǔ)的國際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則。一個(gè)國家或少數(shù)國家圖謀搞霸權(quán)“體系”、霸權(quán)“規(guī)則”，打著“正義”旗號(hào)行“霸權(quán)”之實(shí)，中國堅(jiān)決反對，大多數(shù)國家也不會(huì)接受。

Firmly upholding the international system with the United Nations at the core. As a founding member of the United Nations, a permanent member of the UN Security Council, and the largest developing country, China has always firmly upheld the authority of the United Nations, strictly followed the missions and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and maintained the world order based on international law. It has worked with various countries to support multilateralism and oppose unilateralism.

China has taken an active part in UN peacekeeping operations. It is the second largest contributor to the UN's peacekeeping budget, and to its regular budget, and the largest contributor of peacekeeping troops among the permanent members of the UN Security Council. Chinese military forces have become a key force in UN peacekeeping missions, creating momentum for peaceful international development. China has strictly enforced international conventions such as the Paris Agreement, the Convention on Nuclear Safety, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction, and the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction. It has actively engaged in international exchanges and cooperation under the UN framework in such fields as energy security, food security, cybersecurity, and biosafety, as well as polar, outer space and ocean affairs.

Currently the world is plagued with a crisis of rule and order – restoring the rules and maintaining order are matters of the greatest urgency. There is only one international system – the one with the United Nations at the core. There is only one international order, which is based on international law, and there is only one set of fundamental international norms, which is based on the missions and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. Hegemonic "systems" or "rules" set by one country or a few countries, even when wrapping themselves in the cloak of justice, will be resolutely opposed by China and rejected by the overwhelming majority of countries.

推動(dòng)國際關(guān)系民主化。中國共產(chǎn)黨是民主的忠實(shí)追求者、積極探索者和模范實(shí)踐者，不但在黨內(nèi)實(shí)行民主、在中國發(fā)展全過程人民民主，而且在國際上大力推動(dòng)國際關(guān)系民主化。新中國成立之初就鮮明提出，和平共處五項(xiàng)原則應(yīng)該成為世界各國建立和發(fā)展相互關(guān)系的準(zhǔn)則。按照這一原則，中國與許多國家建立和發(fā)展了雙邊關(guān)系。面對世界百年未有之大變局，中國高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏的旗幟，推動(dòng)建設(shè)相互尊重、公平正義、合作共贏的新型國際關(guān)系，推動(dòng)國際關(guān)系民主化。面對全球范圍內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技等領(lǐng)域競爭，中國不是把對方視為對手，而是視為伙伴；不是搞冷戰(zhàn)和對抗、控制和操縱，而是促進(jìn)交流合作、實(shí)現(xiàn)互利共贏。中國始終秉持伙伴精神發(fā)展與各國關(guān)系，構(gòu)建總體穩(wěn)定、均衡發(fā)展的大國關(guān)系框架，按照親誠惠容理念和與鄰為善、以鄰為伴周邊外交方針深化同周邊國家關(guān)系，秉持正確義利觀和真實(shí)親誠理念加強(qiáng)同發(fā)展中國家團(tuán)結(jié)合作。

Promoting democracy in international relations. The CPC is faithful, active, and exemplary in pursuing, exploring, and practicing democracy. It has implemented democracy within the Party and throughout China, and vigorously promotes democracy in international relations.

Shortly after the founding of the PRC, the CPC proposed the five principles of peaceful coexistence as the norms for countries to follow when establishing and building relations with each other. China has applied these principles in its bilateral relations with many countries.

As the world experiences change on a scale unseen in a century, China has followed the principles of peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit, and pressed for a new model of international relations based on mutual respect, fairness, justice and win-win cooperation.

At a time of intense global competition in economic, scientific, technological and other fields, China still regards other countries as partners rather than rivals. It does not engage in cold war, confrontation, control or manipulation, but rather promotes mutually beneficial exchanges and cooperation.

China has formed partnerships with many countries, and established a framework of major-country relations that is generally stable and balanced. It implements the principles of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness in developing relations with neighboring countries, and promotes friendship and partnership with them. China upholds the values of greater good and shared interests, and follows the principles of sincerity, affinity, good faith and real results in strengthening cooperation with other developing countries.

當(dāng)今世界，公平正義遠(yuǎn)未實(shí)現(xiàn)。少數(shù)國家漠視國際公理、踐踏國際規(guī)則、違背國際民意，公然侵犯他國主權(quán)，干涉他國內(nèi)政，動(dòng)輒以大欺小、恃強(qiáng)凌弱，把“地球村”變成弱肉強(qiáng)食的原始叢林。一些政客泯滅做人良知、突破道德底線，為政治私利大肆炮制傳播謊言、對他國和人民進(jìn)行攻擊抹黑。面對充滿危機(jī)的世界，中國共產(chǎn)黨主張，國家不論大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富，在國際關(guān)系中都是平等的；大國要有大國的樣子，要以人類前途命運(yùn)為要，對世界和平與發(fā)展擔(dān)負(fù)更大責(zé)任，而不是依仗實(shí)力搞唯我獨(dú)尊、霸凌霸道；世界的命運(yùn)必須由各國人民共同掌握，各國和各國人民應(yīng)該共同享受尊嚴(yán)、共同享受發(fā)展成果、共同享受安全保障。

The present world is far from fair and just. A small number of countries ignore international law, trample on international justice, disdain international public opinion, flagrantly infringe upon the sovereignty of other countries, interfere with others' internal affairs, and frequently abuse and dictate to smaller and weaker countries, turning the "global village" into a primeval jungle where the strong prey on the weak. Their politicians fabricate and spread lies out of self-interest, and denigrate other countries and peoples.

In a world rife with crises, the CPC holds that all countries, large or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal. Powerful countries should behave as befits their status, make the future of humanity their priority, and shoulder greater responsibility for world peace and development, rather than wielding their power in pursuit of supremacy or hegemony. The future of the world should rest in the hands of all peoples and all countries, and all countries and all peoples should enjoy dignity and security and share development fruits.

政黨是維護(hù)世界和平、推動(dòng)人類進(jìn)步的重要力量。世界各政黨誕生的歷史背景和條件不同，承載的功能使命不同，取得執(zhí)政地位、履行執(zhí)政責(zé)任的方式不同。世界是豐富多彩的，不是“非黑即白”的單一色彩，同我即對、非我即錯(cuò)的邏輯方式不符合人類文明發(fā)展潮流。評判一個(gè)執(zhí)政黨是否先進(jìn)、合格，評判一種政治制度是否行得通、有效率、真管用，實(shí)踐最有說服力，人民最有發(fā)言權(quán)。各國政黨應(yīng)擔(dān)負(fù)起引領(lǐng)方向、凝聚共識(shí)、促進(jìn)發(fā)展、加強(qiáng)合作、完善治理的責(zé)任，求同存異、相互尊重、互學(xué)互鑒，加強(qiáng)交流合作，共謀人民幸福。

Political parties are an important force for safeguarding world peace and promoting human progress. Different political parties around the world, emerging from different historical backgrounds and conditions, are endowed with different missions and obtain their governing status and exercise their authority in different ways. The world is colorful, not monochrome. The logic that "whoever disagrees with me is wrong" is out of line with the evolution of human civilization. Facts are the most convincing criteria for judging whether a governing party is progressive and qualified to rule, and whether a political system is viable, efficient and effective. The people should have the biggest say in making such judgments. Political parties in all countries need to play their part in steering the course forward. They should seek common ground while setting aside differences. They must build consensus, promote development, enhance cooperation, improve governance, respect and learn from each other, strengthen exchanges and cooperation, and work together to seek happiness for all.

（二）促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展

2. Pursuing Common Development

發(fā)展是世界各國的權(quán)利，而不是少數(shù)國家的專利。中國共產(chǎn)黨不僅希望中國人民過上好日子，也希望其他國家人民過上好日子。在發(fā)展問題上，中國共產(chǎn)黨始終堅(jiān)持發(fā)展自己、兼濟(jì)天下、造福世界，在致力于實(shí)現(xiàn)自身發(fā)展的同時(shí)，為促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)力量。

Development is the right of all countries, rather than the exclusive privilege of the few. The CPC seeks happiness for the Chinese people, and also the wellbeing of all others. The CPC is committed to pursuing development for both China and the world, and to bringing benefits to all.

中國保持長期穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展是對人類的貢獻(xiàn)。中國是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家。中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民，集中力量辦好自己的事，讓國家更富強(qiáng)、人民更幸福，本身就是對世界和平與發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)。中國經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的主要穩(wěn)定器和動(dòng)力源。中國完成消除絕對貧困的任務(wù)，提前10年實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程減貧目標(biāo)，對全球減貧貢獻(xiàn)率超過70%。中國科技創(chuàng)新為其他國家人民生產(chǎn)生活帶來更多便利，為世界科技創(chuàng)新和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長注入了新動(dòng)能。中國以占全球9%的耕地，養(yǎng)活了世界近20%的人口。中國大力加強(qiáng)環(huán)境治理，是世界生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的重要力量。中國積極推進(jìn)綠色低碳發(fā)展，提前實(shí)現(xiàn)對國際社會(huì)承諾的2020年碳減排目標(biāo)，并承諾力爭2030年前實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、努力爭取2060年前實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和。中國全方位對外開放為各國分享“中國紅利”創(chuàng)造更多機(jī)會(huì)，龐大消費(fèi)需求為世界各國提供了巨大市場。新中國成立以來，中國經(jīng)歷了中華民族史乃至人類發(fā)展史上從未有過的巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)變遷，持續(xù)保持了國家政治和社會(huì)大局穩(wěn)定，這既是中國人民的福祉，也是中國為世界和平穩(wěn)定作出的貢獻(xiàn)。

As the world's largest developing country, China contributes to humanity by maintaining long-term stable development. The CPC is leading the Chinese people to focus on completing our own tasks, and making the country more prosperous and the people happier. This is a contribution to world peace and development in its own right. China's economy continues its healthy growth and has become the major driver of global economic growth. China has succeeded in eradicating absolute poverty, meeting the target set out in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 10 years ahead of schedule, and contributing to over 70 percent of global poverty reduction. China's innovative achievements in science and technology have brought greater convenience to work and daily life around the world, and injected new impetus into international technological innovation and global economic growth. China succeeds in feeding almost 20 percent of the global population with only 9 percent of the planet's arable land. China is making great efforts to strengthen environmental governance and has become a major force in global eco-environmental progress. It takes active steps to advance green and low-carbon development and has fulfilled its international commitment to reduce carbon emissions by 2020 ahead of schedule. In addition, it has pledged to peak carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. China's all-round opening up creates more opportunities for other countries to share China's development dividends, and China's strong domestic demand provides a huge market for other countries to explore. Since the founding of the PRC, the country has undergone profound economic and social changes of a scale never before seen in history. It has maintained long-term overall political and social stability, which not only benefits the Chinese people but also contributes to world peace and order.

加強(qiáng)國際發(fā)展合作。中國自身是發(fā)展中國家，對其他發(fā)展中國家正在經(jīng)受的貧困和苦難感同身受，積極開展國際發(fā)展合作，力所能及地為他們提供援助。新中國成立以來，中國向其他發(fā)展中國家提供不附加任何政治條件的援助。黨的十八大以來，中國的對外援助順應(yīng)時(shí)代要求，向國際發(fā)展合作轉(zhuǎn)型升級，為破解全球發(fā)展難題、推動(dòng)落實(shí)聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程注入中國力量。2013年至2018年，中國累計(jì)對外提供援助2702億元人民幣，實(shí)施成套項(xiàng)目423個(gè)，提供物資援助890批，完成技術(shù)合作項(xiàng)目414個(gè)，舉辦人力資源開發(fā)合作項(xiàng)目7000余期，共約20萬名人員受益。中國積極開展抗擊新冠肺炎疫情全球合作，力所能及為國際組織和其他國家提供援助，截至2021年6月，共為受疫情影響的發(fā)展中國家抗疫以及恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展提供了20億美元援助，向150多個(gè)國家和13個(gè)國際組織提供了抗疫物資援助，為全球供應(yīng)了2900多億只口罩、35億多件防護(hù)服、46億多份檢測試劑盒，向100多個(gè)國家和國際組織提供5.2億多劑疫苗，累計(jì)組派33批抗疫醫(yī)療專家組赴31個(gè)國家協(xié)助抗疫。當(dāng)今世界仍然面臨著嚴(yán)重的發(fā)展困境，許多人還在貧困、饑餓、疾病之中掙扎。一些國家越來越富，另一些國家越來越窮，世界不可能長久太平、持久繁榮。中國共產(chǎn)黨主張，加快全球減貧進(jìn)程，發(fā)達(dá)國家要加大對發(fā)展中國家的發(fā)展援助，發(fā)展中國家要增強(qiáng)內(nèi)生發(fā)展動(dòng)力。中國將盡己所能，繼續(xù)開展國際發(fā)展合作，深化南南合作，為全球減貧貢獻(xiàn)智慧和力量。

China is committed to strengthening international cooperation. As a developing country itself, China shows great empathy for other developing nations plagued by poverty and hardship, and provides assistance for them as far as its capacity permits. Since 1949, China has been a provider of support to other developing countries with no political strings attached. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, in response to the call of the times, China has been upgrading its foreign aid to a model of international development cooperation, contributing its strength to resolving global development issues and implementing the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. From 2013 to 2018, China allocated a total of RMB270 billion to foreign aid, undertook the construction of 423 complete projects, provided 890 shipments of goods and materials for countries and regions in need, completed 414 technical cooperation projects, and held more than 7,000 training sessions and seminars for about 200,000 people to promote cooperation in building human resource capacity.

China takes an active part in global cooperation against the Covid-19 pandemic, and has done its best to offer help to international organizations and other countries. By June 2021 China had provided US$2 billion in aid for the international Covid-19 response, and as aid to social and economic recovery in developing countries hit by the pandemic. It has sent medical supplies to more than 150 countries and 13 international organizations, and supplied more than 290 billion masks, 3.5 billion protective suits, and 4.6 billion testing kits to the world. It has also provided more than 520 million doses of vaccines to over 100 countries and international organizations, and sent 33 medical expert teams to 31 countries in need of help.

The global path to development is a rocky one, and many people are still struggling with poverty, famine and disease. Some rich countries are getting richer while poor countries are getting poorer. As long as this situation persists, the world can never enjoy lasting peace and prosperity. The CPC holds that to accelerate the global poverty relief process, developed countries need to increase their assistance to developing countries, and developing countries need to generate greater endogenous momentum for development. China will continue to do all it can to promote international cooperation, expand South-South cooperation, and contribute to global poverty reduction.

積極參與引領(lǐng)全球治理體系改革和建設(shè)。二戰(zhàn)以后建立的國際體系，對于戰(zhàn)后恢復(fù)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)揮了重要作用，但是，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化帶來的發(fā)展鴻溝和公平問題日益突出。中國作為負(fù)責(zé)任大國，始終堅(jiān)持權(quán)利和義務(wù)相平衡，積極參與全球治理體系改革和建設(shè)，推動(dòng)建立更加公正合理的國際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序。黨的十八大以來，中國積極推動(dòng)全球治理體系改革和建設(shè)，參與制定多個(gè)新興領(lǐng)域治理規(guī)則，推動(dòng)改革全球治理體系中不公正不合理的安排；堅(jiān)定支持多邊主義，搭建政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全、人文等領(lǐng)域多邊平臺(tái)，促進(jìn)對話與合作；發(fā)起成立亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行，設(shè)立絲路基金，為構(gòu)建開放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)，促進(jìn)全球包容、可持續(xù)發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)更大力量。當(dāng)前，全球治理體系改革和建設(shè)仍然面臨諸多困難和挑戰(zhàn)，任重而道遠(yuǎn)。中國將實(shí)施更加積極主動(dòng)的開放戰(zhàn)略，以實(shí)際行動(dòng)維護(hù)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，推動(dòng)構(gòu)建創(chuàng)新、活力、聯(lián)動(dòng)、包容的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)。中國將繼續(xù)發(fā)揮負(fù)責(zé)任大國作用，秉持共商共建共享的全球治理觀，積極參與引領(lǐng)全球治理體系改革和建設(shè)，推動(dòng)全球治理體系向著更加公正合理方向發(fā)展，使發(fā)展成果更多更好惠及各國人民。

China takes an active part in leading the reform of the global governance system. The international system formed after World War II played a pivotal role in post-war global economic recovery. However, the development gap and economic inequality caused by globalization has become increasingly prominent. As a major country that takes its responsibilities seriously, China has always sought to balance rights and obligations. It has taken an active part in reforming and developing the global governance system, and tried hard to recalibrate the international political and economic order according to a fairer and more reasonable set of standards. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China has actively pressed for reform and improvements in the global governance system. It has participated in formulating rules in a number of emerging fields, and stepped up the reform of unfair and unreasonable arrangements in the existing system.

China firmly supports multilateralism. To facilitate dialogue and cooperation, it devotes itself to building multilateral platforms in areas including politics, the economy, security, and culture. It has initiated the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and launched the Silk Road Fund, making a greater contribution to an open world economy and inclusive, sustainable global development. At present, considering the many difficulties and challenges ahead, it remains a daunting task to reform and develop the global governance system. China will adopt a proactive opening-up policy, safeguard economic globalization through concrete actions, and promote an innovative, invigorated, interconnected and inclusive world economy. China will continue to play its part as a major country, and follow the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration in global governance. It will be an active participant in reforming and developing the global governance system, with the goal of making the system fairer and more reasonable, to enable more people across the world to benefit from development.

（三）走和平發(fā)展道路

3. Following the Path of Peaceful Development

和平發(fā)展，是中國共產(chǎn)黨矢志不渝的追求，是中國發(fā)展的鮮明特征。100年來，黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民走的是強(qiáng)而不霸的復(fù)興新路，是追求和平、維護(hù)和平、捍衛(wèi)和平的道路。這條道路，是靠中國人民自力更生、艱苦奮斗，而不是靠殖民和侵略走出來的，是既促進(jìn)自身發(fā)展、也為世界和平發(fā)展作出貢獻(xiàn)的道路。事實(shí)充分表明，中國共產(chǎn)黨是熱愛和平的政黨，中國是熱愛和平的國家，中國人民是熱愛和平、真誠善良的人民。

Peaceful development is an everlasting aspiration of the CPC and the salient feature of China's progress. Over the past hundred years, pursuing and safeguarding peace, the CPC has led the Chinese people on a new path of national rejuvenation that leads to prosperity rather than hegemony. Laid down by the Chinese people through self-reliance and hard work rather than colonization and aggression, this path enables China to accelerate its own development and contribute to world peace and development. History demonstrates that the CPC is a peace-loving political party, that China is a peace-loving country, and that the Chinese people love peace and are sincere and generous.

歷史上確有國家因強(qiáng)成霸，但國強(qiáng)必霸不是歷史定律。用西方一些國家的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)評判中國，把西方一些國家的發(fā)展邏輯套用于中國，得出的結(jié)論必然荒謬失真。中國走和平發(fā)展道路，不是外交辭令，不是權(quán)宜之計(jì)，不是戰(zhàn)略模糊，而是思想自信和實(shí)踐自覺的有機(jī)統(tǒng)一。從中華民族薪火相傳的文化基因中，從中國過去到現(xiàn)在一脈相承的發(fā)展歷程中，從中國與西方大國崛起的相互比較中，可以清晰地看出，和平發(fā)展是中國共產(chǎn)黨的執(zhí)政軌跡、執(zhí)政邏輯、執(zhí)政方向，是中國的發(fā)展軌跡、發(fā)展邏輯、發(fā)展方向。

In the past, there have indeed been countries that followed the path of hegemony as they grew in strength, but there is no iron law that dictates that a rising power will inevitably seek hegemony. If the experience and logic of the West is applied mechanically in forecasting China's future, the conclusion will inevitably be counterfactual and false.

"China will continue to follow the path of peaceful development." This statement is neither diplomatic rhetoric nor a policy of expediency or strategic equivocation, but reflects the nation's self-confidence and conscientious behavior. Peaceful development is embedded in the trajectory, logic and goals of the CPC's governance and China's development. This is clear in the cultural genes of the Chinese nation that have been passed from generation to generation. It is clear from China's past and present, and from the comparison between the rise of China and the rise of Western powers.

中國走和平發(fā)展道路，源于中華文明的深厚底蘊(yùn)。中華文化蘊(yùn)含著天人合一的宇宙觀、協(xié)和萬邦的國際觀、和而不同的社會(huì)觀、人心和善的道德觀。和平、和睦、和諧是中華民族5000多年一直追求和傳承的理念，中國共產(chǎn)黨是中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的忠實(shí)傳承者，沒有侵略他人、稱霸世界的基因。

China's path of peaceful development derives from the legacy of the Chinese civilization. China's culture is characterized by a world view of harmony between humanity and nature, a global view of coordination and cooperation between all countries, a social view of unity without uniformity, and a moral outlook of kindness and friendship. Peace, amity and harmony have been cherished and passed down by the Chinese nation through more than 5,000 years of history. A loyal successor to the best of Chinese culture, the CPC has no inclination to invasion and hegemony.

中國走和平發(fā)展道路，源于對實(shí)現(xiàn)中國發(fā)展目標(biāo)條件的認(rèn)知。發(fā)展是黨執(zhí)政興國的第一要?jiǎng)?wù)。中國的發(fā)展得益于和平穩(wěn)定的外部環(huán)境，中國進(jìn)一步發(fā)展同樣需要和平穩(wěn)定的外部環(huán)境。對外搞擴(kuò)張、搞霸權(quán)，不符合中國利益，違背人民意愿。積極爭取和平的國際環(huán)境發(fā)展自己，又以自身的發(fā)展更好地維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展，始終是中國共產(chǎn)黨堅(jiān)定不移的選擇。

China takes the path of peaceful development due to its clear understanding of its own goals and conditions. Development is the CPC's top priority in governance. China's past development benefited from a peaceful, stable external environment, and its future will also depend on such an environment. Expansion and hegemony violate the interests of China and the aspirations of the Chinese people. The CPC has always been firm in its commitment to a peaceful international environment for China's own benefit, which in turn plays a greater role in safeguarding world peace and promoting common development.

中國走和平發(fā)展道路，源于對世界發(fā)展大勢的深刻把握。當(dāng)今世界，和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏是時(shí)代潮流。任何一個(gè)國家，無論大小強(qiáng)弱，只有在平等、互利、共贏基礎(chǔ)上參與國際合作，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)發(fā)展；反之，追逐霸權(quán)，窮兵黷武，只會(huì)消耗國力、走向衰亡。人類歷史上由于強(qiáng)國爭霸導(dǎo)致戰(zhàn)亂頻仍、生靈涂炭、人類文明遭受挫折甚至倒退，教訓(xùn)慘痛而深刻。要和平不要戰(zhàn)爭，要發(fā)展不要貧窮，要穩(wěn)定不要混亂，是各國人民樸素而真實(shí)的共同愿望。中國走和平發(fā)展道路，符合歷史潮流，順應(yīng)世界大勢。

China takes the path of peaceful development due to its deep understanding of global trends favoring peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit. Any country, regardless of size and strength, can achieve sustainable development only when it takes part in international cooperation following the principles of equality and mutual benefit. In contrast, those pursuing hegemony and military aggression will only exhaust their resources and eventually decline and fall.

Humanity can learn profound and bitter lessons from history, where people were plunged into misery and human civilization suffered repeated catastrophes due to the wars caused by great powers seeking hegemony. It is a simple and sincere aspiration shared by people around the world to achieve peace, development and stability, rather than war, poverty and unrest. China's path of peaceful development flows with the tide of history and conforms to the general trend of the world.

中國有發(fā)展的權(quán)利，中國人民有追求美好生活的權(quán)利。作為歷史上曾經(jīng)遭受欺凌、蒙受屈辱的大國，中國發(fā)展的目的是贏得尊嚴(yán)和安全，讓歷經(jīng)苦難的人民過上好日子。在追求這個(gè)目標(biāo)的過程中，中國自然而然地發(fā)展了、強(qiáng)大了，但不是想要超越誰、威脅誰、挑戰(zhàn)誰、取代誰，更不是要在世界上稱王稱霸。中國的未來掌握在自己手中，中國的命運(yùn)由中國人民說了算。沒有任何人能夠剝奪中國人民追求美好生活的權(quán)利，也沒有任何人能夠阻擋中國向前發(fā)展的步伐。

China has the right to development, and the Chinese people have the right to pursue a better life. As a country once subjected to oppression and humiliation, China seeks development with the goal of regaining dignity and security and enabling its people to live a happy life. In the process of pursuing this goal, China has grown and become strong. However, it will never seek to overtake, threaten, challenge or replace any other country, far less seek hegemony. The future of China lies in its own hands, and only the Chinese people can determine the destiny of their own country. No one has the right to deprive the Chinese people of the right to pursue a better life, or to slow China's pace of development.

中國堅(jiān)定不移走和平發(fā)展道路，也希望世界各國共同走和平發(fā)展道路。各國走和平發(fā)展道路，才能共同發(fā)展，國與國才能和平相處。中國決不會(huì)以犧牲別人利益為代價(jià)發(fā)展自己，也決不放棄自己的正當(dāng)權(quán)益。任何國家不要指望中國會(huì)拿自己的核心利益做交易，任何人不要指望中國會(huì)吞下?lián)p害國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益的苦果。

China hopes that other countries will accompany it on the same path. Only by sticking to this path can countries achieve common development and live together in peace. China will never pursue development at the expense of others' interests, nor will China ever give up its own legitimate rights and interests. No country should expect China to trade off its core interests. No country can undermine China's sovereignty, security and development.

（四）推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體

4. Building a Global Community of Shared Future

當(dāng)今世界正處在又一個(gè)十字路口，人類面臨著前進(jìn)還是倒退、光明還是黑暗的兩種前途、兩種命運(yùn)。百年變局與世紀(jì)疫情交織疊加，冷戰(zhàn)思維、零和心態(tài)沉渣泛起，單邊主義、霸權(quán)主義、強(qiáng)權(quán)政治甚囂塵上，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化遭遇逆流，軍備競賽加劇，氣候變化、恐怖主義、網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊、生物安全、重大傳染性疾病等傳統(tǒng)和非傳統(tǒng)安全問題相互交織，嚴(yán)重威脅全球和地區(qū)安全。人類共同生活的這顆美麗星球，面臨著來自人類本身的巨大危機(jī)。

The world has once again reached a crossroads, and humanity faces a choice between two paths. One advances into brightness; the other retreats into darkness. The profound changes we face, on a scale unseen in a century, and the raging Covid-19 pandemic are interlinked. Cold War thinking and the zero-sum game mindset are resurgent. Unilateralism, hegemony and power politics are on the rise. Economic globalization is battling against headwinds. The global arms race is escalating. Conventional and non-conventional security issues, such as climate change, terrorism, cyber-attacks, biosecurity challenges, and major infectious diseases, together pose a severe threat to global and regional security. The beautiful planet on which all humans live is experiencing a tremendous crisis, one caused by humanity itself.

面對百年未有之大變局，面對發(fā)展赤字和治理難題，人類社會(huì)迫切需要樹立新的發(fā)展觀，構(gòu)建更加公正合理的國際體系和國際秩序。中國共產(chǎn)黨提出構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，建設(shè)一個(gè)持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁榮、開放包容、清潔美麗的世界，著眼解決當(dāng)今世界面臨的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題、實(shí)現(xiàn)人類社會(huì)和平永續(xù)發(fā)展，開辟了合作共贏、共建共享的發(fā)展新道路。

Confronted by this level of change, and other difficulties and problems hindering development and governance, there is an urgent need for human society to seek out a new philosophy and make the international system and order fairer and more reasonable. The CPC has proposed building a global community of shared future, with the goal of creating an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity. By addressing practical problems faced by the world today, human society will achieve peace and sustainable development through win-win cooperation, joint efforts, and shared benefits.

構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體是順應(yīng)歷史發(fā)展大勢的必然選擇。當(dāng)今時(shí)代，各國相互聯(lián)系和彼此依存比以往任何時(shí)候都更加緊密。各國共處“地球村”，既有本國利益，也有需要與其他國家一起維護(hù)的共同利益。很多問題不再局限于一國內(nèi)部，很多挑戰(zhàn)不是一國之力可以應(yīng)對，沒有一個(gè)國家能夠獨(dú)自發(fā)展或者獨(dú)善其身。各國只有通力合作，才能有效應(yīng)對各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，才能在實(shí)現(xiàn)自身發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展。

Building a global community of shared future is an essential choice that aligns with the general trend of history. Today, the interconnections and interdependences between different countries are closer than ever before. All countries coexist in the same global village, where each needs to safeguard humanity's common interests together with other countries, while pursuing its own interests. Many problems are no longer confined to individual countries, and many challenges cannot be overcome by a single country alone. None can achieve development on its own; none is immune from global threats. Only through full cooperation can countries effectively address the problems the world faces and achieve common progress, on the base of their own development.

構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體理念，秉持合作共贏理念，摒棄叢林法則，不搞強(qiáng)權(quán)獨(dú)霸，超越零和博弈。政治上，倡導(dǎo)相互尊重、平等協(xié)商，摒棄冷戰(zhàn)思維和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治，走對話而不對抗、結(jié)伴而不結(jié)盟的國與國交往新路；安全上，倡導(dǎo)以對話解決爭端、以協(xié)商化解分歧，統(tǒng)籌應(yīng)對傳統(tǒng)和非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅，反對一切形式的恐怖主義；經(jīng)濟(jì)上，倡導(dǎo)同舟共濟(jì)，促進(jìn)貿(mào)易和投資自由化便利化，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化朝著更加開放、包容、普惠、平衡、共贏的方向發(fā)展；文化上，倡導(dǎo)尊重世界文明多樣性，以文明交流超越文明隔閡、以文明互鑒超越文明沖突、以文明共存超越文明優(yōu)越；生態(tài)上，倡導(dǎo)堅(jiān)持環(huán)境友好，加強(qiáng)應(yīng)對氣候變化和生物多樣性保護(hù)合作，保護(hù)好人類賴以生存的地球家園。

The concept of building a global community of shared future calls for promoting win-win cooperation. It rejects the law of the jungle, power politics and hegemony, and goes beyond the zero-sum game mindset.

In terms of politics, China calls on all countries to respect each other, discuss international issues as equals, reject the Cold War mentality and power politics, and take a new approach to developing state-to-state relations based on communication, not confrontation, and based on partnership, not alliance.

In terms of security, China calls on all countries to commit to settling disputes through dialogue and to resolving differences through discussion, to coordinate responses to conventional and non-conventional threats, and to oppose terrorism in all forms.

In terms of economic development, China calls on all countries to work together, to facilitate free trade and investment, and to make economic globalization more open, inclusive, and balanced, so that its benefits are shared by all.

In terms of cultural exchange, China calls on all countries to respect the diversity of civilizations, and to replace estrangement with exchange, clashes with mutual learning, and cultural superiority with coexistence of diverse cultures.

In terms of eco-environmental progress, China calls on all countries to be good friends to the environment, to strengthen cooperation on climate change and biodiversity conservation, and to protect our planet for the sake of human survival.

人類命運(yùn)共同體理念，揭示了世界各國相互依存和人類命運(yùn)緊密相聯(lián)的客觀規(guī)律，反映了全人類共同價(jià)值，找到了共建美好世界的最大公約數(shù)。構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，不是推進(jìn)一種或少數(shù)文明的單方主張，也不是謀求在世界建設(shè)統(tǒng)一的行為體，更不是一種制度替代另一種制度、一種文明替代另一種文明，而是主張不同社會(huì)制度、不同意識(shí)形態(tài)、不同歷史文明、不同發(fā)展水平的國家，在國際活動(dòng)中目標(biāo)一致、利益共生、權(quán)利共享、責(zé)任共擔(dān)，促進(jìn)人類社會(huì)整體發(fā)展。

The concept of building a global community of shared future reflects the truth that all countries are interdependent and the whole of humanity shares the same future. It reflects the common values of humanity and finds the greatest common ground to build a better world. The aim of building a global community of shared future is neither to promote the unilateral propositions of one or a few cultures, nor to seek to make each and every country act in the same manner, far less to replace one system or civilization model with another. Instead, it proposes that countries with different social systems, ideologies, historical civilizations and development levels target the same goals, align their interests, and share their rights and responsibilities, so as to promote the overall development of human society.

“一帶一路”是推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的重要實(shí)踐平臺(tái)。高質(zhì)量共建“一帶一路”，以和平合作、開放包容、互學(xué)互鑒、互利共贏的絲綢之路精神為指引，以政策溝通、設(shè)施聯(lián)通、貿(mào)易暢通、資金融通、民心相通為重點(diǎn)，秉持共商共建共享原則，堅(jiān)持開放、綠色、廉潔理念，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、惠民生、可持續(xù)目標(biāo)，已經(jīng)從理念轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)，從愿景轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)，從倡議轉(zhuǎn)化為全球廣受歡迎的公共產(chǎn)品。中國已同140個(gè)國家和32個(gè)國際組織簽署了200多份共建“一帶一路”合作文件。據(jù)世界銀行研究報(bào)告，共建“一帶一路”倡議將使相關(guān)國家760萬人擺脫極端貧困、3200萬人擺脫中度貧困，將使參與國貿(mào)易增長2.8%至9.7%、全球貿(mào)易增長1.7%至6.2%、全球收入增加0.7%至2.9%。共建“一帶一路”倡議源于中國，但機(jī)會(huì)和成果屬于世界。共建“一帶一路”追求的是發(fā)展，崇尚的是共贏，傳遞的是希望。

The Belt and Road Initiative provides an important platform for building a global community of shared future. To make a real success of the BRI, it is imperative to follow the Silk Road spirit characterized by peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning, and mutual benefit. It is also important to focus on policy coordination, connectivity of infrastructure, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and closer people-to-people ties. It is essential to uphold the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, and to pursue open, green, clean, and close cooperation to improve people's lives and promote sustainable development. The BRI has turned ideas into actions and vision into reality, and the initiative itself is a public product widely welcomed by the international community.

China has signed more than 200 documents on BRI cooperation with 140 countries and 32 international organizations. A World Bank report shows that the BRI could contribute to lifting 7.6 million people from extreme poverty and 32 million from moderate poverty, boost trade by 2.8 to 9.7 percent for participating countries and by 1.7 to 6.2 percent for the world, and increase global incomes by 0.7 to 2.9 percent. The BRI originated in China, but the opportunities and benefits it creates belong to the world. It pursues development, advocates win-win cooperation, and conveys hope.

中國共產(chǎn)黨是有遠(yuǎn)大抱負(fù)的政黨，這種抱負(fù)不是稱霸世界，而是貢獻(xiàn)世界。100年來，在風(fēng)云變幻的世界舞臺(tái)上，中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國既堅(jiān)定地保持自信，也秉持謙虛態(tài)度和伙伴精神與其他政黨和國家相處。中國共產(chǎn)黨始終堅(jiān)信，大黨之大、大國之大，不在于體量大、塊頭大、拳頭大，而在于胸襟大、格局大、擔(dān)當(dāng)大。中國共產(chǎn)黨始終堅(jiān)信，和平而不是戰(zhàn)爭、合作而不是霸道、對話而不是對抗、開放而不是封閉，才是人間正道，才能贏得未來。

The CPC is a political party with lofty goals. Its ambition is not to seek hegemony, but to contribute to the world. Over the past hundred years the CPC and China have shown firm self-confidence on a world stage riven with change, and built constructive relationships with other political parties and countries based on an attitude of humility and a spirit of partnership. The CPC firmly believes that the strength of a powerful political party or a powerful country lies in its open mind, broad vision, and great sense of responsibility, rather than its size and muscle. It also believes that peace, cooperation, dialogue and openness, rather than war, hegemony, confrontation and seclusion, represent the correct and the only path to a better future for humanity.

結(jié)束語

Conclusion

胸懷千秋偉業(yè)，百年只是序章。

The past hundred years have been the prologue.

中國共產(chǎn)黨走過波瀾壯闊的100年，演出了威武雄壯的中華民族偉大復(fù)興的歷史偉劇。

The past hundred years have witnessed the great struggle waged by the CPC to realize its goal of rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

這100年，極不平凡，極不容易。中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民創(chuàng)造了引以為豪的輝煌成就，但不會(huì)驕傲自滿、止步不前，仍將繼續(xù)奮斗、砥礪前行。

They have also been an extraordinary and difficult hundred years. The CPC has led the Chinese people to outstanding achievements of which they can be proud. But they will never give in to complacency or slacken their efforts. On the contrary, they will continue to work hard and forge ahead.

站在百年歷史新起點(diǎn)，中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國人民踏上了全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國家的新征程。到2035年，中國將基本實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化；到本世紀(jì)中葉中華人民共和國成立100年時(shí)，中國將全面建成富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧美麗的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國。之后，中國共產(chǎn)黨將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民向著更加高遠(yuǎn)的目標(biāo)繼續(xù)邁進(jìn)。

From a new starting point, the CPC and the Chinese people have set out on a new journey towards a modern socialist country. By the year 2035 China will realize socialist modernization, and by the middle of the 21st century, when the People's Republic of China celebrates its centenary, China will have developed into a great and modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful. For the future, the CPC will lead the Chinese people towards even more ambitious goals.

中國共產(chǎn)黨的百年歷史，清晰映照了來時(shí)的路，有力昭示了未來的路。必須堅(jiān)持中國共產(chǎn)黨堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，必須團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)中國人民不斷為美好生活而奮斗，必須繼續(xù)推進(jìn)馬克思主義中國化，必須堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國特色社會(huì)主義，必須加快國防和軍隊(duì)現(xiàn)代化，必須不斷推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，必須進(jìn)行具有許多新的歷史特點(diǎn)的偉大斗爭，必須加強(qiáng)中華兒女大團(tuán)結(jié)，必須不斷推進(jìn)黨的建設(shè)新的偉大工程，這些，既是黨百年歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)的深刻總結(jié)，也是黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民開創(chuàng)未來的根本遵循。

The history of the past hundred years tells the story of the road behind and foretells the story of the journey ahead. China must uphold the firm leadership of the CPC, and the CPC must lead the Chinese people in working ceaselessly for a better life. It must continue to adapt Marxism to the Chinese context, uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, continue the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, work towards a global community of shared future, engage in great endeavors, strengthen the unity of the Chinese people, and advance the new project of consolidating the Party.

This is a condensed summary of the 100-year experience of the CPC. It also reflects the fundamental principles by which the Party will lead the people in creating a better future.

實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興是中國共產(chǎn)黨的歷史使命。中國共產(chǎn)黨將團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)人民繼續(xù)奮斗，付出更為艱巨、更為艱苦的努力，不斷把民族復(fù)興偉業(yè)推向前進(jìn)。實(shí)現(xiàn)祖國完全統(tǒng)一是中國共產(chǎn)黨的歷史任務(wù)，中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國人民具有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)決心、堅(jiān)定意志、強(qiáng)大能力，任何人、任何力量都阻擋不了。

Achieving national rejuvenation is the historic mission of the CPC. It will maintain unity and lead the people to work harder than ever. Realizing China's complete reunification is one of the historic tasks of the CPC. The Party and the people have the resolve, the will and the ability to complete the task. This is a cause that no person and no force will thwart.

讓人民過上好日子，是中國共產(chǎn)黨矢志不移的奮斗目標(biāo)。實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕，讓14億多人享有現(xiàn)代化生活，不是一件輕輕松松的事情。新的征程上，中國共產(chǎn)黨始終把人民放在心中最高位置，著力解決發(fā)展不平衡不充分問題和人民急難愁盼問題，堅(jiān)決破除實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕、實(shí)現(xiàn)公平正義的阻礙和束縛，腳踏實(shí)地，久久為功，推動(dòng)人的全面發(fā)展、全體人民共同富裕不斷取得實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展。堅(jiān)定不移走好自己的路、辦好自己的事，不斷滿足人民過上美好生活的新期待，黨就能永遠(yuǎn)立于不敗之地。

The CPC has made an unbreakable commitment to bring the people a happy life. However, it is not an easy task to realize common prosperity and ensure the comforts of modern life for more than 1.4 billion people. On the journey ahead, the CPC will always put the people first, and work hard to resolve imbalances and inadequacies in development and the pressing difficulties and problems that are of the greatest concern to the people. It will overcome any obstacles and break any shackles hindering common prosperity, equity and justice. With pragmatic and sustained efforts, it will make substantive progress towards achieving well-rounded human development and common prosperity for all. The CPC will prevail so long as it follows its own path, runs its affairs well, and works to satisfy the people's new aspirations for a better life.

面向未來，中國共產(chǎn)黨將堅(jiān)定不移地把發(fā)展作為執(zhí)政興國的第一要?jiǎng)?wù)，始終踐行以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，全面深化改革和擴(kuò)大開放，深入推進(jìn)中國式現(xiàn)代化，實(shí)現(xiàn)更高質(zhì)量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持續(xù)、更為安全的發(fā)展，讓人民更多更好享有經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、社會(huì)、生態(tài)文明發(fā)展成果，以中國新發(fā)展為世界提供新機(jī)遇、為各國共同發(fā)展注入新動(dòng)力。

Moving forward, the CPC will continue to pursue people-oriented development as its top priority in governance. It will extend reform, open wider to the rest of the world, and follow a unique Chinese path to modernization. This will ensure that economic, political, cultural, social and eco-environmental development is of higher quality, more efficient, more equitable, more sustainable and more secure, so that the people will enjoy a greater share of its benefits. In addition, China will bring new opportunities to the rest of the world and provide new momentum for common development.

面向未來，中國共產(chǎn)黨將堅(jiān)定不移高揚(yáng)社會(huì)主義旗幟，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)馬克思主義中國化時(shí)代化，堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國特色社會(huì)主義，讓社會(huì)主義的美好前景在中國大地上更加生動(dòng)地展現(xiàn)出來，讓經(jīng)過實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)的科學(xué)社會(huì)主義理論放射出更加燦爛的真理光芒，讓社會(huì)主義實(shí)踐在人類文明進(jìn)程中有更大作為，為人類對美好社會(huì)制度的探索作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。

Moving forward, the CPC will continue to build socialism and continue to adapt Marxism to China's conditions and keep it up to date. It will continue to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, so that socialism can herald bright prospects for China. The theory of scientific socialism will withstand the test of time and increase its appeal, and socialism in practice will help facilitate human progress and make a greater contribution to the human quest for better social systems.

面向未來，中國共產(chǎn)黨將堅(jiān)定不移站在歷史正確的一邊，站在人類進(jìn)步的一邊，繼續(xù)同一切愛好和平的國家和人民一道，弘揚(yáng)和平、發(fā)展、公平、正義、民主、自由的全人類共同價(jià)值，堅(jiān)持合作、不搞對抗，堅(jiān)持開放、不搞封閉，堅(jiān)持互利共贏、不搞零和博弈，反對霸權(quán)主義和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治，推動(dòng)歷史車輪向著光明的目標(biāo)前進(jìn)，推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，建設(shè)更加美好的世界。

Moving forward, the CPC will continue to stand on the right side of history and human progress. It will work together with all peace-loving countries and peoples to carry forward the common values of humanity – peace, development, equity, justice, democracy and freedom. It will pursue cooperation rather than confrontation, opening up rather than isolation, and mutual benefits rather than the zero-sum game. It will oppose hegemony and power politics and contribute to building a global community of shared future and a better world.

面向未來，中國共產(chǎn)黨將堅(jiān)定不移推進(jìn)自我革命，加強(qiáng)先進(jìn)性和純潔性建設(shè)，提高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平和執(zhí)政水平，增強(qiáng)拒腐防變和抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力，在世界形勢深刻變化的歷史進(jìn)程中始終走在時(shí)代前列，在應(yīng)對國內(nèi)外各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)的歷史進(jìn)程中始終成為中國人民的主心骨，在堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國特色社會(huì)主義的歷史進(jìn)程中始終成為堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心。黨自身堅(jiān)強(qiáng)如鐵，就沒有任何外部力量能夠打垮。

Moving forward, the CPC will continue with its self-reform and maintain its progressive nature and integrity. It will continue to improve its leadership and governance and reinforce its ability to resist corruption and withstand risks. This will ensure that the Party remains always ahead of the times as history progresses and the world undergoes profound change. The Party will always remain the backbone of the nation as China responds to risks and challenges at home and abroad, and a powerful leadership core as the country continues to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics. No external force can defeat the CPC as long as it retains its strength.

一切事物發(fā)展都有邏輯可循，政黨也是如此。從中國共產(chǎn)黨的過去，可以解釋它的現(xiàn)在，也可以看到它的未來。

There is a logic behind all evolution. This is also true of political parties. The history of the CPC helps to explain how it has come to its present form, and also helps to indicate what its future will be.

前路不會(huì)平坦，前景光明遼闊。未來征程上，中國共產(chǎn)黨將更加緊密地團(tuán)結(jié)起來，中國人民將更加緊密地團(tuán)結(jié)起來，海內(nèi)外中華兒女將更加緊密地團(tuán)結(jié)起來，為更加美好的未來共同奮斗。中國全面建成社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國的目標(biāo)一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國夢一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，中華民族一定能夠?yàn)槿祟惒粩嘧鞒鲂碌母筘暙I(xiàn)。

The journey ahead will not be smooth, but the prospects are bright and broad. The CPC will unite more closely, the Chinese people will unite more closely, and all the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, both at home and abroad, will unite more closely, all in pursuit of the same, better future. The goal of building China into a great modern socialist country will surely be achieved, the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation will surely come true, and the Chinese nation will surely make a greater contribution to humanity.

（注：本文省略了原文中的表格和專欄）

Note: Tables and boxes omitted

（來源：新華網(wǎng)）

(Source: Xinhua)