2014年最高人民法院工作報(bào)告（全文）
Report on the Work of the Supreme People's Court (2014)
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| 2014年3月10日，最高人民法院院長(zhǎng)周強(qiáng)同志作最高人民法院工作報(bào)告。[人民畫(huà)報(bào) 徐迅 攝] Zhou Qiang, president of the Supreme People's Court (SPC), delivered a report on the SPC's work on March 10, 2014. [Xu Xun/China Pictorial] |
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最高人民法院工作報(bào)告 |
Report on the Work of the Supreme People's Court |
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——2014年3月10日在第十二屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第二次會(huì)議上 |
Delivered at the Second Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress on March 10, 2014 |
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最高人民法院院長(zhǎng)周強(qiáng) |
By Zhou Qiang, President of the |
| 各位代表： | Fellow Deputies, |
| 我代表最高人民法院向大會(huì)報(bào)告工作，請(qǐng)予審議，并請(qǐng)全國(guó)政協(xié)各位委員提出意見(jiàn)。 | On behalf of the Supreme People's Court (SPC), I now present to you the report on the work of the SPC for your deliberation, and I welcome comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). |
| 2013年主要工作 | Review of Work in 2013 |
| 2013年，最高人民法院在以習(xí)近平同志為總書(shū)記的黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，在全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)及其常委會(huì)有力監(jiān)督下，緊緊圍繞“讓人民群眾在每一個(gè)司法案件中都感受到公平正義”的目標(biāo)，堅(jiān)持服務(wù)大局、司法為民、公正司法，忠實(shí)履行憲法和法律賦予的職責(zé)，各項(xiàng)工作取得新進(jìn)展。最高人民法院受理案件11016件，審結(jié)9716件，比2012年分別上升3.2%和1.6%；地方各級(jí)人民法院受理案件1421.7萬(wàn)件，審結(jié)、執(zhí)結(jié)1294.7萬(wàn)件，同比分別上升7.4%和4.4%。通過(guò)充分履行職能，為推進(jìn)平安中國(guó)、法治中國(guó)建設(shè)作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。 | In 2013, the SPC, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary, and under the effective supervision of the National People's Congress (NPC) and its standing committee, closely centered on the goal of "letting the people to feel fairness and justice in each judicial case，" adhered to serving the overall situation, administrating justice for the people and maintaining judicial fairness, performed the duties conferred by the Constitution and laws faithfully, and made new progress in all the work. During the year, The SPC accepted and heard 11,016 cases of various types, up 3.2% over 2012, and concluded 9,716 cases, up 1.6% over 2012. Local people's courts at various levels accepted and heard 14.217 million cases of various types, up 7.4% over 2012, and concluded and enforced 12.947 million cases, up 4.4% over 2012. It made a positive contribution to promoting safety and rule of law in the country, by fully performing its functions. |
| 一、依法懲治犯罪、保障人權(quán)、化解矛盾，維護(hù)社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定 | I. Punishing crimes, Protecting Human Rights and Resolving Contradictions in accordance with Laws to Safeguard Social Harmony and Stability |
| 依法懲治危害國(guó)家安全和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的犯罪。各級(jí)法院審結(jié)一審刑事案件95.4萬(wàn)件，判處罪犯115.8萬(wàn)人。依法嚴(yán)懲煽動(dòng)分裂國(guó)家、暴力恐怖襲擊等危害國(guó)家安全和公共安全犯罪，嚴(yán)懲嚴(yán)重危害人民群眾生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全的犯罪，審結(jié)殺人、搶劫、綁架、爆炸、強(qiáng)奸、拐賣婦女兒童、黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織犯罪等案件25萬(wàn)件，判處罪犯32.5萬(wàn)人。最高人民法院會(huì)同有關(guān)部門發(fā)布指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)，依法懲治性侵兒童犯罪和危害校園安全犯罪，加強(qiáng)對(duì)未成年人的保護(hù)。發(fā)布關(guān)于辦理盜竊、敲詐勒索、搶奪等刑事案件司法解釋，各級(jí)法院審結(jié)侵犯財(cái)產(chǎn)犯罪案件30.3萬(wàn)件，判處罪犯39.8萬(wàn)人。發(fā)布關(guān)于辦理尋釁滋事、編造傳播虛假恐怖信息等刑事案件司法解釋，指導(dǎo)地方法院正確審理相關(guān)案件，依法懲治破壞社會(huì)秩序犯罪。發(fā)布關(guān)于辦理利用信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)施誹謗等刑事案件的司法解釋，統(tǒng)一法律適用，打擊利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)造謠傳謠的犯罪行為，維護(hù)良好的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境。依法懲治擾亂醫(yī)療秩序的違法犯罪行為，切實(shí)保護(hù)醫(yī)務(wù)人員和廣大患者合法權(quán)益。明確“醉駕”的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，各級(jí)法院審結(jié)危險(xiǎn)駕駛犯罪案件9萬(wàn)件。積極參與禁毒斗爭(zhēng)，審結(jié)毒品犯罪案件9.5萬(wàn)件，判處罪犯9.9萬(wàn)人。最高人民法院認(rèn)真做好死刑復(fù)核工作，嚴(yán)把案件事實(shí)關(guān)、證據(jù)關(guān)、法律關(guān)，確保死刑只適用于極少數(shù)罪行極其嚴(yán)重的犯罪分子。 | —— Punishing the crimes of endangering national security and social stability in accordance with laws. The people's courts at various levels concluded 954,000 criminal cases of first instance, and convicted 1.158 million criminals. The people's courts severely punished the crimes of endangering national security and public safety through inciting to split the country and launching violent terrorist attacks, and of greatly threatening the safety of people's lives and properties. The people's courts concluded 250,000 cases of severe crimes, including homicide, robbery, kidnapping, explosion, rape, the trafficking in women and children, and organized crime committed by Mafia-like gang. A total of 325,000 criminals involved in these cases were convicted and punished. The SPC issued guidance jointly with other organizations concerned to punish according to law the crimes of sexual aggression against children and the crimes against campus safety, and to strengthen juvenile protection. The SPC published a judicial interpretation on handling the criminal cases of theft, racketeering and looting. The people's courts at various levels concluded 303,000 criminal cases of property violations and convicted 398,000 criminals in total. It released judicial interpretations on handling criminal cases of picking quarrels and provoking troubles, and fabricating and spreading false terrorism information, guided local courts to correctly hear the relevant cases, and punished the crimes of disrupting public order according to law. It also published a judicial interpretation on handling criminal cases of defamation on the Internet, unified the application of laws, and fought against the crimes of starting and mongering rumors through networks, to maintain a sound network environment. It punished the illegal and criminal acts of disrupting the medical order according to law, and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of medical staff and patients. It clarified the identification criterion of "drunk driving". The people's courts at various levels concluded 90,000 criminal cases involving dangerous driving. Meanwhile, they also took an active part in anti-drug campaign, with 95,000 drug-related crimes concluded and 99,000 criminals convicted. The SPC shared no efforts in the review of death sentences by being stringent with the facts, evidence and legal provisions relating to the cases, to ensure that the death penalty shall only be applied to a very small number of criminals who have committed extremely serious crimes. |
| 依法懲治經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪、貪污賄賂和瀆職犯罪。發(fā)布關(guān)于辦理組織、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)傳銷活動(dòng)刑事案件等指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)，各級(jí)法院審結(jié)傳銷、走私、洗錢、非法集資、金融詐騙、內(nèi)幕交易、商業(yè)賄賂等經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪案件5萬(wàn)件，判處罪犯6.9萬(wàn)人。充分發(fā)揮刑事審判在懲治腐敗中的職能作用，加大對(duì)貪污賄賂等犯罪的打擊力度，審結(jié)國(guó)家工作人員貪污賄賂、瀆職侵權(quán)犯罪案件2.9萬(wàn)件，判處罪犯3.1萬(wàn)人，其中包括薄熙來(lái)受賄、貪污、濫用職權(quán)案，劉志軍受賄、濫用職權(quán)案等一批大案要案，促進(jìn)反腐敗斗爭(zhēng)深入開(kāi)展。 | —— Punishing the crimes of economic offences, embezzlement, bribery and dereliction of duty according to law. The SPC issued guidance opinions on handling criminal cases of organizing and leading pyramid selling. The people's courts at various levels concluded 50,000 cases of economic crime involving pyramid selling, smuggling, money laundering, illegal fund-raising, financial swindling, insider trading, and business bribery, and convicted 69,000 criminals. The people's courts gave full play to the function of criminal justice in cracking down corruption, intensified fight against the crimes of embezzlement and bribery. 29,000 cases involving embezzlement, bribery and dereliction of duty were concluded, with 31,000 criminals convicted, including several high-profile cases, such as the case of bribery, embezzlement and abuse of power by Bo Xilai, and the case of bribery and abuse of power by Liu Zhijun. All these efforts further promote the anti-corruption struggle in depth. |
| 依法懲治危害食品安全和污染環(huán)境犯罪。積極回應(yīng)群眾關(guān)切，發(fā)布關(guān)于辦理危害食品安全犯罪的司法解釋，各級(jí)法院審結(jié)相關(guān)案件2082件，判處罪犯2647人。發(fā)布關(guān)于辦理污染環(huán)境刑事案件的司法解釋，加大懲處污染環(huán)境犯罪力度。公布王長(zhǎng)兵生產(chǎn)、銷售有毒食品犯罪以及胡文標(biāo)、丁月生投放危險(xiǎn)物質(zhì)污染環(huán)境犯罪等典型案例，有力震懾犯罪分子。 | —— Punishing the crimes of endangering food safety and environmental pollution in accordance with law. The SPC actively responded to the concerns of the people, issued a judicial interpretation on handling the crime of endangering food safety. The people's courts at various levels concluded 2,082 related cases and convicted 2,647 criminals in total. The SPC issued a judicial explanation on handling criminal cases of polluting the environment, and intensified the punishment on the crime of polluting the environment. It also disclosed several typical criminal cases, including the case of Wang Changbing who produced and sold poisoned food, and the case of Hu Wenbiao and Ding Yuesheng who threw hazardous substances to contaminate the environment, so as to forcefully deter criminal offenders. |
| 堅(jiān)決防止和糾正冤假錯(cuò)案。尊重和保障人權(quán)，恪守罪刑法定、證據(jù)裁判、疑罪從無(wú)等原則，嚴(yán)格排除非法證據(jù)，各級(jí)法院依法宣告825名被告人無(wú)罪，確保無(wú)罪的人不受刑事追究。加強(qiáng)與律師協(xié)會(huì)的溝通，高度重視律協(xié)、律師反映的問(wèn)題，尊重和保障律師依法履職。以堅(jiān)決果斷的態(tài)度依法糾正“張氏叔侄強(qiáng)奸殺人案”等一批重大冤假錯(cuò)案，從錯(cuò)案中深刻汲取教訓(xùn)，強(qiáng)化證據(jù)審查，發(fā)揮庭審功能，與公安、檢察機(jī)關(guān)分工負(fù)責(zé)、互相配合、互相制約，建立健全防范刑事冤假錯(cuò)案工作機(jī)制，堅(jiān)守防止冤假錯(cuò)案底線。 | —— Resolutely preventing and correcting wrongful convictions. The SPC respected and protected human rights, adhered to the principles of legality, evidence judgment and presumption of innocence, and strictly excluded illegally obtained evidences. The people's courts at various levels acquitted according to law 825 people for lack of evidence and reasonable doubts, and ensured innocent people from being subject to criminal sanctions. The people's courts further strengthened communication with lawyer associations, highly valued the issues reflected by the lawyer associations and lawyers, respected and guaranteed lawyers to perform their duties according to law. The people's courts took resolute measures to correct several major unjust, false and erroneous cases in accordance with law, such as "the case of rape and murder by Zhang nephew and uncle，" and learnt profound lessons from them. Meanwhile, The people's courts strengthened evidence review, made the court hearing fully functional, divided work with the public security and procuratorial organs for cooperation and mutual restriction, established and improved a working mechanism preventing unjust, false and erroneous criminal cases, and defended the bottom line of preventing wrongful convictions. |
| 妥善化解社會(huì)矛盾。堅(jiān)持合法自愿原則，規(guī)范司法調(diào)解，各級(jí)法院通過(guò)調(diào)解和撤訴方式處理案件479.8萬(wàn)件。依法支持仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)揮作用，執(zhí)結(jié)仲裁裁決13.3萬(wàn)件。加強(qiáng)刑事附帶民事訴訟調(diào)解工作，完善刑事被害人救助制度，保障被害人合法權(quán)益。積極參與社會(huì)治理，健全訴訟與非訴訟相銜接的矛盾糾紛解決機(jī)制，加大訴前調(diào)解力度，堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展“楓橋經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，指導(dǎo)、支持人民調(diào)解，將大量矛盾糾紛化解在基層和訴前，促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧。 | —— Properly resolving social conflicts. The SPC adhered to the principles of legality and voluntariness to regulate judicial mediation. The people's courts at various levels handled 4.798 million cases through mediation and withdrawal of lawsuits. The SPC supported arbitration institutions to well function according to law, and 133,000 arbitral awards were concluded and enforced. It strengthened mediation for civil claims annexed to criminal cases, improved the assistance system for criminal victims, and protected the legitimate rights and interests of the victims. It actively participated in social governance, improved court-annexed ADR, strengthened pre-litigation mediation, upheld and developed the "Fengqiao Experience"， guided and supported mediation among the people. In result, a great deal of disputes can be resolved at the grassroots and before litigation, so as to promote social harmony. |
| 二、依法審理經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域各類案件，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展 | II. Hearing Economic Cases according to Law to Promote Healthy and Sustainable Economic Development |
| 加強(qiáng)商事審判工作。依法平等保護(hù)各類市場(chǎng)主體的合法權(quán)益，為加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)提供司法保障，各級(jí)法院審結(jié)一審商事案件395.7萬(wàn)件。發(fā)布企業(yè)破產(chǎn)法司法解釋，規(guī)范破產(chǎn)程序，保障債權(quán)人公平受償，各級(jí)法院審結(jié)企業(yè)破產(chǎn)案件1998件。發(fā)布保險(xiǎn)法司法解釋和出口信用保險(xiǎn)司法解釋，各級(jí)法院審結(jié)保險(xiǎn)、證券、票據(jù)等金融糾紛案件71.4萬(wàn)件。加強(qiáng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展新情況新問(wèn)題的司法應(yīng)對(duì)，認(rèn)真研究服務(wù)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)、民間借貸等方面的法律問(wèn)題，及時(shí)提出司法建議，積極防范和化解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 | —— Strengthening commercial adjudication. The SPC equally protected the legitimate rights and interests of all kinds of market entities according to law, and provided judicial guarantee to speed up transformation of economic development patterns, and make economic progress while maintaining stability. The people's courts at various levels concluded 3.957 million commercial cases of first instance. The SPC issued a judicial interpretation on enterprise bankruptcy law to standardize bankruptcy procedure, and guarantee creditors to have fair compensation. The people's courts at various levels concluded 1,998 cases of enterprise bankruptcy. Meanwhile, the SPC also issued judicial interpretations on the insurance law and export credit insurance. The people's courts at various levels concluded 714,000 financial dispute cases concerning insurance, securities and bills. Moreover, the SPC further enhanced judicial response to new situations and problems emerging in economic and social development, seriously studied legal issues serving the real economy and private lending, duly put forward judicial suggestions, and actively prevented and precluded risks. |
| 加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)審判工作。依法保護(hù)專利權(quán)、著作權(quán)、商標(biāo)權(quán)，加大對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)司法保護(hù)力度，依法制裁不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和壟斷行為，維護(hù)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境，促進(jìn)國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)，各級(jí)法院審結(jié)一審知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)案件10萬(wàn)件。積極參與打擊侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和制售假冒偽劣商品專項(xiàng)行動(dòng)，公布知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)司法保護(hù)狀況白皮書(shū)和典型案例，樹(shù)立我國(guó)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)司法保護(hù)良好形象。 | —— Strengthening intellectual property rights adjudication. The people's courts protected the patent rights, copyrights and trademark rights according to law, intensified judicial protection of Internet intellectual properties rights, cracked down unfair competition and monopoly according to law, to maintain a sound market environment for fair competition, and to promote the construction of the national innovation system. The people's courts at various levels concluded 100,000 cases of first instance on intellectual properties. The courts were also actively involved in the specific action of cracking down on infringement of intellectual properties, and manufacturing and selling of counterfeit goods, published white paper and typical cases on judicial protection of intellectual properties, and established a sound image of China in judicial protection of intellectual properties. |
| 加強(qiáng)涉外、涉港澳臺(tái)、涉僑、海事海商審判工作和司法交流合作。平等保護(hù)中外當(dāng)事人合法權(quán)益，促進(jìn)開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，各級(jí)法院審結(jié)一審涉外商事案件5364件，涉港澳臺(tái)案件1.5萬(wàn)件，海事海商案件1.1萬(wàn)件。妥善審理海洋污染和資源開(kāi)發(fā)等案件，切實(shí)維護(hù)國(guó)家海洋權(quán)益。高度重視涉港澳臺(tái)、涉僑案件審判工作，維護(hù)香港、澳門、臺(tái)灣同胞和歸僑僑眷合法權(quán)益。積極開(kāi)展與港澳臺(tái)地區(qū)和有關(guān)國(guó)家的司法交流與合作，推動(dòng)在臺(tái)灣舉辦第二屆海峽兩岸暨香港澳門司法高層論壇，辦理送達(dá)文書(shū)、調(diào)查取證、裁判認(rèn)可等國(guó)際、區(qū)際司法協(xié)助案件1.3萬(wàn)件。 | —— Enhancing Maritime Trials involving Foreign Parties, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Overseas Chinese, and Strengthening Judicial Exchanges and Cooperation. The people's courts gave equal protection to the legitimate rights and interests of the parties involved from home and abroad, to facilitate development of the open economy. The people's courts at various levels concluded 5,364 foreign-related commercial cases of first instance, 15,000 cases involving Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and 11,000 cases of maritime affairs and maritime commerce. The people's courts properly heard cases on maritime pollution and resources development, to effectively safeguard maritime rights and interests of the country. The people's courts attached great importance to the adjudication of cases involving Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and overseas Chinese, and safeguarded the legitimate rights and interests of compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and returned overseas Chinese and their relatives. The courts actively launched judicial exchanges and cooperation with Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and other countries, promoted the convening of the second Cross-Strait & Hong Kong, Macao High-level Judicial Forum in Taiwan, and handled 13,000 international and regional judicial assistance cases including service of documents, taking of evidence, and judgment recognition. |
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