全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)工作報(bào)告（2016）（全文）
Full text: Work report of NPC Standing Committee (2016)
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2016年3月9日，十二屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)委員長(zhǎng)張德江受十二屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)委托，向十二屆全國(guó)人大四次會(huì)議作《全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)工作報(bào)告》。[新華社] |
![2016年3月9日，十二屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)委員長(zhǎng)張德江受十二屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)委托，向十二屆全國(guó)人大四次會(huì)議作《全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)工作報(bào)告》。[新華社]](http://images.china.cn/site1007/2016-03/22/b8aeed990456185af8a35d.jpg "2016年3月9日，十二屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)委員長(zhǎng)張德江受十二屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)委托，向十二屆全國(guó)人大四次會(huì)議作《全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)工作報(bào)告》。[新華社]")
全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)工作報(bào)告 | Report on the Work of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress |
——2016年3月9日在第十二屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第四次會(huì)議上 | Delivered at the Fourth Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress on March 9, 2016 |
全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)委員長(zhǎng) 張德江 | Zhang Dejiang |
| 各位代表： | Fellow Deputies, |
| 現(xiàn)在，我受全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)委托，向大會(huì)報(bào)告工作，請(qǐng)予審議。 | On behalf of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), I now present to you this report on the work of the Standing Committee for your deliberation. |
| 過(guò)去一年的主要工作 | Major Initiatives of the Past Year |
| 過(guò)去一年，在以習(xí)近平同志為總書(shū)記的黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)全面貫徹黨的十八大和十八屆三中、四中、五中全會(huì)精神，以鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想、科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo)，深入學(xué)習(xí)貫徹習(xí)近平總書(shū)記系列重要講話精神，堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人民當(dāng)家作主、依法治國(guó)有機(jī)統(tǒng)一，按照“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局的要求，緊緊圍繞黨和國(guó)家工作大局依法行使職權(quán)、積極開(kāi)展工作。一年來(lái)，常委會(huì)制定5部法律，修改37部法律和1個(gè)有關(guān)法律問(wèn)題的決定，決定提請(qǐng)全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)審議的法律案1件，通過(guò)8個(gè)有關(guān)法律問(wèn)題的決定；檢查6部法律實(shí)施情況，聽(tīng)取審議國(guó)務(wù)院、最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院17個(gè)工作報(bào)告，開(kāi)展3次專(zhuān)題詢問(wèn)和3項(xiàng)專(zhuān)題調(diào)研，通過(guò)2個(gè)決議；審議通過(guò)專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)關(guān)于代表議案審議結(jié)果的報(bào)告8個(gè)、代表資格審查委員會(huì)關(guān)于個(gè)別代表的代表資格的報(bào)告6個(gè)，決定批準(zhǔn)我國(guó)與外國(guó)締結(jié)的條約、協(xié)定以及加入的國(guó)際公約11件，決定和批準(zhǔn)任免一批國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)工作人員等。十二屆全國(guó)人大三次會(huì)議確定的常委會(huì)各項(xiàng)任務(wù)已經(jīng)完成，常委會(huì)各方面工作都取得了新進(jìn)展、新成效。 | In the past year, under the firm leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, the NPC Standing Committee comprehensively implemented the guiding principles of the 18th National Party Congress and the third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee; followed the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development; and fully grasped and put into practice the guiding principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping's major policy addresses. Remaining committed to integrating leadership by the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country, and the law-based governance of the country, and acting in accordance with the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, we maintained a tight focus on the overall work of the Party and country as we performed our functions and powers and carried out our work in accordance with the law. Over the past year, the Standing Committee enacted five laws, revised 37 laws and one decision on legal issues, resolved to present the draft of the Charity Law to this session of the NPC for deliberation and approval,and passed eight decisions on legal issues. We inspected compliance with six laws; heard and deliberated 17 work reports from the State Council, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate; conducted three inquiries and three research projects; and passed two resolutions. We deliberated and approved eight reports from the NPC's special committees regarding their examination of deputies' proposals, as well as six reports from the Credentials Committee pertaining to its review of certain deputies' qualifications. We ratified 11 treaties and agreements with foreign countries or international conventions that China had concluded, and made decisions on or approved the appointment or removal of a number of officials of state bodies. Making progress and achievements in all aspects of our work, we have accomplished all the tasks set forth at the Third Session of the 12th NPC in 2015. |
| 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義最本質(zhì)的特征，是中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)。常委會(huì)始終把堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)貫徹于人大工作的各方面、全過(guò)程，堅(jiān)持黨中央的集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，自覺(jué)在思想上政治上行動(dòng)上同以習(xí)近平同志為總書(shū)記的黨中央保持高度一致；始終堅(jiān)持正確政治方向，統(tǒng)籌安排和推進(jìn)人大立法、監(jiān)督、決定、任免、代表、對(duì)外交往、新聞宣傳以及理論研究、聯(lián)系指導(dǎo)地方人大等各項(xiàng)工作和活動(dòng)，保證黨的路線方針政策和決策部署在國(guó)家工作中得到全面貫徹和有效執(zhí)行，保證黨通過(guò)國(guó)家政權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)實(shí)施對(duì)國(guó)家和社會(huì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。 | Leadership by the Party is the essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics, as well as its greatest strength. We have incorporated the leadership of the Party into every process and aspect of the NPC's work, upheld the centralized, unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and ensured that our thinking, actions, and politics all maintain a high degree of unity with the Central Committee headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping. In coordinating the NPC's initiatives and activities concerning legislation, oversight, decision making, personnel appointments and dismissals, deputies, foreign relations, information and publicity, theoretical research, and contact with and guidance over local people's congresses, we have maintained the right political direction and worked to ensure that the Party's line, principles, policies, decisions, and plans are fully and effectively implemented in the work of the state, and that the Party can exercise leadership over the state and society through the organs of political power. |
| 一、重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域立法邁出新步伐 | 1. We made new strides in key areas of legislation. |
| 法律是治國(guó)之重器，良法是善治之前提。常委會(huì)抓住提高立法質(zhì)量這個(gè)關(guān)鍵，著力推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域立法，立法工作呈現(xiàn)出數(shù)量多、分量重、節(jié)奏快的特點(diǎn)，取得了一批新的重要成果，支持和推動(dòng)了改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定。 | The law is of great value in the governance of a country, and good laws are a prerequisite for good governance. Focusing on the key task of raising the quality of legislation, we channeled great effort into advancing legislation in key areas. Large in number, considerable in weight, and rapid in pace, our initiatives in legislation led to a number of important achievements that have supported and promoted the country's reform and development and ensured its stability. |
| （一）加強(qiáng)國(guó)家安全領(lǐng)域相關(guān)立法。國(guó)家安全法是國(guó)家安全領(lǐng)域的綜合性、全局性、基礎(chǔ)性法律，在構(gòu)建國(guó)家安全法律制度體系中起著統(tǒng)領(lǐng)作用。常委會(huì)貫徹黨中央關(guān)于加快國(guó)家安全法治建設(shè)的總體部署，把制定國(guó)家安全法擺在突出位置，經(jīng)過(guò)三次審議通過(guò)了國(guó)家安全法。這部重要法律，堅(jiān)持總體國(guó)家安全觀，從中國(guó)國(guó)情和實(shí)際出發(fā)，科學(xué)界定國(guó)家安全的內(nèi)涵，明確規(guī)定了國(guó)家安全工作的指導(dǎo)思想、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制、基本原則、主要任務(wù)和保障措施等，為加快構(gòu)建國(guó)家安全體系、走中國(guó)特色國(guó)家安全道路夯實(shí)了法律基礎(chǔ)。 | 1) Legislation on national security was enhanced. The National Security Law represents a comprehensive, overarching, and fundamental law in the field of national security, playing a central role in the establishment of a system of national security laws. Acting in line with the Party Central Committee's overall plan for accelerating the development of rule of law in China's national security efforts, the Standing Committee gave high priority to the enactment of a national security law which was passed after three deliberations. As an important piece of legislation, the National Security Law embodies an integrative approach to national security, and defines national security in the context of China's conditions and realities. It sets out express provisions regarding the guiding notions, leadership system, basic principles, major tasks, and safeguard measures of China's security initiatives, thus laying a solid legal foundation for accelerating the establishment of a national security system and taking a distinctly Chinese approach to national security. |
| 反恐怖斗爭(zhēng)事關(guān)國(guó)家安全、事關(guān)人民切身利益、事關(guān)改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定全局，在當(dāng)前國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)反恐怖形勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻復(fù)雜的背景下，加強(qiáng)反恐怖主義工作尤為重要。常委會(huì)于2015年12月通過(guò)反恐怖主義法，確定了我國(guó)反恐怖主義工作的基本原則，健全了工作體制機(jī)制，強(qiáng)化了安全防范、應(yīng)對(duì)處置、國(guó)際合作和保障措施。在常委會(huì)通過(guò)的刑法修正案（九）中，將五種恐怖相關(guān)活動(dòng)列入刑事追責(zé)范圍，加大了對(duì)恐怖主義、極端主義犯罪的懲治力度。完善反恐怖主義相關(guān)法律，對(duì)于依法防范和懲治恐怖活動(dòng)，維護(hù)國(guó)家安全、公共安全和人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全，具有重要意義。 | The fight against terrorism has an important bearing on China's national security, on the people's immediate interests, and on the country's reform, development, and stability. In the face of a grave and complex situation in the fight against terrorism both at home and abroad, it is of crucial importance that China intensifies its anti-terrorism initiatives. With this in mind, the Standing Committee adopted the Anti-Terrorism Law in December 2015, through which we have defined the basic principles of China's anti-terrorism initiatives, improved working systems and mechanisms in this regard, and stepped up anti-terrorism efforts with regard to preventive safety measures, emergency response, international cooperation, and supporting measures. Meanwhile, Amendment IX to the Criminal Law, passed by the Standing Committee, imposed criminal sanctions against five types of terrorism-related activities and introduced harsher punishments for crimes involving terrorism and extremism. The improvements to our counter-terrorism laws will be of great importance for preventing and punishing terrorist activities according to law, for safeguarding national and public security, and for protecting people's lives and property. |
| （二）推進(jìn)民生領(lǐng)域立法。堅(jiān)持以民為本、立法為民是做好新形勢(shì)下立法工作必須遵循的重要原則。針對(duì)社會(huì)反映強(qiáng)烈的霧霾頻發(fā)、污染嚴(yán)重等大氣環(huán)境問(wèn)題，常委會(huì)在持續(xù)加強(qiáng)監(jiān)督工作的同時(shí)積極推進(jìn)相關(guān)法律的修改完善工作，對(duì)大氣污染防治法作出全面修訂。這次修訂，從強(qiáng)化政府、企業(yè)、社會(huì)防治責(zé)任，完善大氣污染防治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、污染排放總量控制和排污許可制度，加大燃煤、工業(yè)、機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)船、揚(yáng)塵、農(nóng)業(yè)等領(lǐng)域污染防治力度，健全重點(diǎn)區(qū)域聯(lián)防聯(lián)控、重污染天氣應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制等方面，對(duì)這部法律作了重要修改完善，條文由原來(lái)的66條增加至129條，使法律的針對(duì)性、可操作性和可執(zhí)行性明顯增強(qiáng)。 | 2) Legislation pertaining to people's wellbeing was pushed forward. Putting the people first in legislation and making legislation for them is an important principle that we must uphold in our legislative work under present circumstances. In response to strong public complaints about serious air pollution such as the frequent occurrence of smog, the Standing Committee worked energetically to revise and improve relevant laws while continuing to strengthen oversight. In particular, we made comprehensive revisions to the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law in an effort to make the law significantly more targeted, practicable, and enforceable. Increasing the number of articles from 66 to 129, we made significant modifications and improvements to the law with a view to strengthening the obligations of the government, enterprises, and individual members of society in the prevention and control of air pollution. By upgrading prevention and control standards, tightening total emissions control, and improving the emissions permit system, the revised law enhanced the prevention and control of pollution from coal burning, industry, vehicle and vessel exhaust emissions, wind-borne dust, and agriculture. It also refined systems for coordinating intra-regional prevention and control efforts in key regions and for responding to heavy air pollution. |
| 老百姓吃得放心才能舒心。為了建立最嚴(yán)格的、覆蓋全過(guò)程的食品安全監(jiān)管制度，針對(duì)食品安全領(lǐng)域存在的突出問(wèn)題，常委會(huì)及時(shí)修訂了食品安全法。這次修訂，突出預(yù)防為主、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范，進(jìn)一步完善食品安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)、評(píng)估和安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等基礎(chǔ)性制度，實(shí)施食品生產(chǎn)、流通、餐飲服務(wù)全過(guò)程監(jiān)管，強(qiáng)化對(duì)違法生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)、監(jiān)管失職瀆職等行為的法律責(zé)任追究，建立包括有獎(jiǎng)舉報(bào)、信息發(fā)布、責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)等在內(nèi)的食品安全社會(huì)共治體系，動(dòng)員全社會(huì)力量依法嚴(yán)守“舌尖上的安全”。 | The people will not be content until they have confidence in the safety of the food they are eating. In a bid to establish the strictest possible oversight and supervision system for food safety, one that covers the whole process from production to consumption, the Standing Committee took prompt steps to revise the Food Safety Law, taking particular aim at prominent food safety problems. With an emphasis on preventing and reducing safety risks, the revised law has improved basic systems pertaining to safety standards and the monitoring and assessment of safety risks. It brings the whole process from food production and distribution to catering under supervision, and tightens legal penalties for the unlawful production and sale of food and for neglect and dereliction of food safety supervision duties. It also prescribes the establishment of a society-wide co-governance system for food safety that comprises the provision of rewards for reporting food safety problems, the release of food safety information, and the introduction of a food safety liability insurance, so that every member of society is encouraged to lawfully ensure that every bite of food is safe. |
| 反對(duì)家庭暴力是社會(huì)文明進(jìn)步的重要體現(xiàn)，是維護(hù)家庭和諧、社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的必然要求。習(xí)近平主席2015年9月在全球婦女峰會(huì)上明確提出：“我們要努力消除一切形式針對(duì)婦女的暴力，包括家庭暴力?！背Ｎ瘯?huì)制定的反家庭暴力法，強(qiáng)調(diào)反家庭暴力是國(guó)家、社會(huì)和每個(gè)家庭的共同責(zé)任，明確了家庭暴力的預(yù)防和處置機(jī)制措施，創(chuàng)設(shè)了人身安全保護(hù)令等制度，為推動(dòng)解決婦女、未成年人等群體遭受家庭暴力問(wèn)題，維護(hù)平等和睦文明的家庭關(guān)系，提供了更加完善的法律保障。 | Opposition to domestic violence is an important indicator of social progress, and an essential requirement for harmonious families and a stable society. In September 2015, at the Global Leaders' Meeting on Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment, President Xi Jinping stated, "We will strive to eliminate all forms of violence against women, including domestic abuse." The Anti-Domestic Violence Law formulated by the Standing Committee emphasizes that the prevention of domestic violence is the shared responsibility of the state, society, and each family. The law has not only stipulated mechanisms and measures for preventing and dealing with domestic abuse, but has also introduced a system of restraining orders to protect the victims of family violence, thereby providing a stronger legal guarantee for preventing domestic violence against women, minors, and other groups and preserving equal, harmonious, and amiable family relations. |
| 及時(shí)修改人口與計(jì)劃生育法。貫徹黨的十八屆五中全會(huì)關(guān)于“全面實(shí)施一對(duì)夫婦可生育兩個(gè)孩子政策”的決策部署，常委會(huì)作出關(guān)于修改人口與計(jì)劃生育法的決定，自2016年1月1日起實(shí)施“全面兩孩”政策。修改后的法律明確規(guī)定：國(guó)家提倡一對(duì)夫妻生育兩個(gè)子女；在國(guó)家提倡一對(duì)夫妻生育一個(gè)子女期間，自愿終身只生育一個(gè)子女的夫妻，國(guó)家發(fā)給《獨(dú)生子女父母光榮證》；獲得《獨(dú)生子女父母光榮證》的夫妻，按照規(guī)定享受獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、獲得扶助。這次修改，是適應(yīng)我國(guó)人口發(fā)展出現(xiàn)的重大轉(zhuǎn)折性變化，對(duì)生育政策作出的重大調(diào)整。這對(duì)于促進(jìn)我國(guó)人口均衡發(fā)展將產(chǎn)生廣泛而深遠(yuǎn)的影響。 | We also made timely changes to the Population and Family Planning Law. In order to put into effect the decision made at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to comprehensively implement a policy of allowing all couples to have two children, the Standing Committee issued a decision on revising the Population and Family Planning Law, implementing a universal two-child policy as of January 1, 2016. The revised law explicitly stipulates that all couples are allowed to have two children. Those couples who had observed the previous one-child policy and are still willing to have only one child in their lifetime shall be eligible for a certificate of honor, which entitles them to benefits and assistance as stipulated. As a response to the major demographic shift that has taken place in China, the revision of the Population and Family Planning Law represents a major change to China's birth policy, and is a move that will have far-reaching effects on our efforts to promote the balanced development of China's population. |
| （三）完善刑事法律制度。常委會(huì)貫徹落實(shí)黨中央關(guān)于深化司法改革的精神，適應(yīng)刑事司法工作新形勢(shì)新要求，審議通過(guò)了刑法修正案（九），共52條，對(duì)刑法作出較大幅度的修改完善。主要是取消9個(gè)較少適用的死刑罪名；完善懲治貪污受賄犯罪法律制度，針對(duì)特定情形規(guī)定了終身監(jiān)禁、不得減刑或者假釋?zhuān)患哟髮?duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的懲治力度，加強(qiáng)對(duì)婦女、未成年人、老年人等人身權(quán)利的刑法保護(hù)；將擾亂法庭秩序、組織考試作弊、組織資助非法聚集、編造和故意傳播虛假信息等行為明確規(guī)定為犯罪；取消嫖宿幼女罪名，對(duì)此類(lèi)行為適用刑法關(guān)于奸淫幼女的，以強(qiáng)奸論、從重處罰的規(guī)定。 | 3) The criminal law system was improved. With a view to implementing the guidelines on deepening judicial reform issued by the CPC Central Committee, and in an effort to adapt to new circumstances and requirements pertaining to criminal justice, the Standing Committee deliberated and passed the 52-article Amendment IX to the Criminal Law, making considerable revisions and improvements to the law. The revisions mainly involve abolishing capital punishment for nine crimes that rarely saw the sentence applied; improving legal regulations for punishing embezzlement and bribery, with a paragraph stipulating the applicability of life imprisonment and inapplicability of commutation or parole for a specific circumstance; imposing heavier punishments on cybercrime; strengthening protection of the rights of the person for women, minors, and the elderly; making it a crime to disrupt courtroom order, organize cheating in examinations, organize or fund illegal assemblies, or fabricate or purposefully disseminate false information; and repealing the crime of having paid sex with a girl under the age of 14,instead treating such an act as a case of rape in which stringency should be shown under the relevant stipulations of the Criminal Law. |
| （四）統(tǒng)籌做好各方面立法工作。立法權(quán)是全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)的一項(xiàng)重要職權(quán)。常委會(huì)認(rèn)真做好大會(huì)審議法律案的前期準(zhǔn)備工作，繼去年提出立法法修正案草案之后，今年又提出慈善法草案。內(nèi)務(wù)司法委員會(huì)牽頭起草了慈善法草案，常委會(huì)對(duì)草案進(jìn)行了兩次審議，并兩次向社會(huì)公開(kāi)征求意見(jiàn)，經(jīng)認(rèn)真修改后提請(qǐng)本次會(huì)議審議。此外，常委會(huì)還制定了深海海底區(qū)域資源勘探開(kāi)發(fā)法，修改了廣告法、種子法、促進(jìn)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化法、教育法、高等教育法；審議了境外非政府組織管理法、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全法、證券法（修訂）、資產(chǎn)評(píng)估法、民辦教育促進(jìn)法（修正）、野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)法（修訂）、電影產(chǎn)業(yè)促進(jìn)法、中醫(yī)藥法等法律草案。 | 4) Legislative work in other areas was coordinated. The legislative power represents one of the most important functions and powers of the NPC. Following its submission of the draft revisions of the Legislation Law to the Third Session of the 12th NPC for deliberation in 2015, this year the Standing Committee has submitted the draft of the Charity Law to this session for deliberation on the basis of thorough preparations. The drafting of the law was overseen by the Internal and Judicial Affairs Committee. The Standing Committee has deliberated the draft twice, solicited comments from the public on two separate occasions, and made careful revisions accordingly before submitting it to this session for deliberation. In addition, the Standing Committee formulated the Law on the Exploration and Development of Deep Seafloor Resources; revised the Advertising Law, the Seed Law, the Law on Promoting the Application of Scientific and Technological Advances, the Education Law, and the Higher Education Law; and deliberated draft legislation including a law on the management of international NGOs in China, a cyber-security law, a revision of the Securities Law, an asset evaluation law, amendments to the Law on the Promotion of Privately-Run Schools, a revision of the Wildlife Protection Law, a film industry promotion law, and a law on traditional Chinese medicine. |
| 常委會(huì)在立法工作中高度重視、深入推進(jìn)科學(xué)立法、民主立法，完善立法體制機(jī)制，增強(qiáng)立法工作的系統(tǒng)性、及時(shí)性、針對(duì)性、有效性。一是經(jīng)黨中央批準(zhǔn)，調(diào)整本屆常委會(huì)五年立法規(guī)劃，主要是圍繞協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，將相關(guān)的立法項(xiàng)目增加列入立法規(guī)劃，一類(lèi)、二類(lèi)立法項(xiàng)目從原來(lái)的68件增至102件。二是加強(qiáng)立法調(diào)研和評(píng)估，就大氣污染防治法、國(guó)家安全法、反恐怖主義法、廣告法等法律草案中涉及的重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行專(zhuān)題論證。三是發(fā)揮人大代表作用，健全法律草案征求代表意見(jiàn)制度，邀請(qǐng)代表參與立法論證、調(diào)研、審議等工作。四是拓寬公民有序參與立法途徑，制定《向社會(huì)公布法律草案征求意見(jiàn)工作規(guī)范》，明確常委會(huì)會(huì)議初次審議和再次審議的法律草案都應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)向社會(huì)公布。反家庭暴力法草案向社會(huì)公開(kāi)后，收到社會(huì)各方面提出的意見(jiàn)建議4萬(wàn)多條。建立健全立法專(zhuān)家顧問(wèn)制度，完善立法決策咨詢機(jī)制。五是積極回應(yīng)人大代表、政協(xié)委員和社會(huì)各方面的關(guān)切，在有關(guān)法律起草、審議、修改工作中認(rèn)真研究并積極吸納各方面提出的意見(jiàn)建議。六是建立基層立法聯(lián)系點(diǎn)制度，發(fā)揮其直接聽(tīng)取基層干部群眾意見(jiàn)、接地氣的“直通車(chē)”作用。 | Attaching high priority to and acting in line with the concept of effective and democratic legislation, the Standing Committee engaged in vigorous efforts to refine legislative mechanisms and systems with a view to making our legislative work more systemic, timely, targeted, and effective. First, with the approval of the CPC Central Committee, adjustments were made to the five-year legislative plan of the current Standing Committee, principally to include into the plan legislative items pertaining to the coordinated implementation of the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy. As a result, the total number of legislative items in category I (draft legislation ready for deliberation by the Standing Committee) and category II (draft legislation soon to be ready for deliberation by the Standing Committee) increased from 68 to 102. Second, we intensified the research and evaluation of legislative items, and carried out dedicated deliberations on key points and difficulties in the drafts of the National Security Law and the Anti-Terrorism Law as well as in the draft revisions of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law and the Advertising Law. Third, giving full play to the role of NPC deputies, we improved mechanisms for soliciting their opinions on draft laws and invited them to participate in the debate, research, and deliberation process. Fourth, in a bid to broaden channels for the systematic participation of citizens in the legislative process, we formulated the Procedures for Releasing Drafts of Laws for Public Comments, according to which the drafts of laws for the first and second deliberations of the Standing Committee should both be promptly made available to the public. After the draft of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law was released, for example, we received more than 40,000 comments and suggestions from all sectors of society. We also put in place a sound system whereby specialists are appointed as legislative advisors, thereby further improving our consultation system for legislative decision making. Fifth, we actively responded to the concerns of NPC deputies, members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), and people from all sectors of society, studying and incorporating where possible the comments and suggestions of all sides into the relevant laws as they were drafted, deliberated, or revised. Sixth, we established a system of staying connected with local communities on legislative issues, making full use of the role of this system in directly soliciting the legislation-related views of the general public and officials at the community level. |
