The System of Government Responsibility for Eco-Environmental Conservation

This system has been introduced to define the powers and responsibilities of government departments related to eco-environmental conservation and review and evaluate their performance. It has proved to be an effective measure for pollution control.

A component of the entire eco-civilization system, the system is also part of China's efforts to modernize the state governance system and capacity.

The system has the following institutional components:

(1) review of specific targets of emission reduction, environmental quality improvement and other tasks;

(2) comprehensive performance evaluation in relation to eco-environmental conservation to improve the review of local government performance;

(3) pilot review and evaluation to promote eco-civilization;

(4) division of work and responsibilities of relevant government departments; and

(5) an accountability mechanism based on the responsibility system.

Since 2012, as China advances its reform of the eco-civilization system across the board, the system of government responsibility for eco-environmental conservation also gradually becomes mature.

Speaking at the National Conference on Eco-environmental Protection in May 2018, Xi Jinping also put forth the idea of a responsibility system for fulfilling the goal of eco-environmental improvement.

In June 2018, the central authorities issued a document on reinforcing eco-environmental protection and fighting pollution. The document emphasized the importance of implementing the system of responsibility of leading officials, with Party and government officials both assuming responsibilities in eco-environmental conservation. As with other factors used in the evaluation of economic and social development, the indexes of resource consumption, environmental damage and ecological benefits will all be linked to officials' performance. Reasonable targets will be set, effective evaluation methods will be created, and rewards and sanctions will be introduced, to provide reliable guidance for building an eco-civilization. 

生態(tài)文明建設(shè)政府目標(biāo)責(zé)任體系

生態(tài)文明建設(shè)政府目標(biāo)責(zé)任體系，即以生態(tài)文明建設(shè)為目標(biāo)，對政府部門相關(guān)主體明確權(quán)責(zé)配置并實(shí)施問責(zé)的體制機(jī)制，是生態(tài)文明體制的組成部分。完善這一體系，既是打好污染防治攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)的內(nèi)在要求和有效抓手，也是從責(zé)任政府維度推動(dòng)“國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化”的重要內(nèi)容。

生態(tài)文明建設(shè)政府目標(biāo)責(zé)任體系主要包括以下幾類制度安排：第一類，以具體減排指標(biāo)、環(huán)境質(zhì)量改善等具體任務(wù)為導(dǎo)向的目標(biāo)考核；第二類，以調(diào)整地方政府績效考核為導(dǎo)向的綜合性生態(tài)文明目標(biāo)評價(jià)體系；第三類，以生態(tài)文明建設(shè)目標(biāo)為導(dǎo)向的，引導(dǎo)性的、試點(diǎn)性的考評體系；第四類，厘清生態(tài)文明建設(shè)領(lǐng)域相關(guān)部門常態(tài)化分工責(zé)任的制度安排；第五類，建立在責(zé)任體系基礎(chǔ)上的問責(zé)機(jī)制。

中共十八大以來，中國全面推進(jìn)生態(tài)文明體制改革，生態(tài)文明建設(shè)政府目標(biāo)責(zé)任體系日益成熟。2018年5月，習(xí)近平在全國生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)大會(huì)上提出，建設(shè)以改善生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量為核心的目標(biāo)責(zé)任體系。2018年6月，中共中央、國務(wù)院發(fā)布《關(guān)于全面加強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù) 堅(jiān)決打好污染防治攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)的意見》，進(jìn)一步提出要落實(shí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部生態(tài)文明建設(shè)責(zé)任制，嚴(yán)格實(shí)行黨政同責(zé)、一崗雙責(zé)。通過把資源消耗、環(huán)境損害、生態(tài)效益等體現(xiàn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)狀況的指標(biāo)納入經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展評價(jià)體系，建立體現(xiàn)生態(tài)文明要求的目標(biāo)體系、考核辦法、獎(jiǎng)懲機(jī)制，可以為推進(jìn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)提供重要導(dǎo)向和可靠保障。