Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan

Soil is fundamental to sustainable social and economic development, and protecting the soil environment is a key component in building an eco-civilization and maintaining national ecological security.

In May 2016, the State Council released the Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. To ensure the quality of farm produce and a safe living environment, the document placed emphasis on prevention for protection, with proper risk control, and making phased improvement of the soils for different purposes of use. The document also announced the decision to put in place a mechanism in which the government takes the lead, enterprises assume the main responsibility, and the public participate in and supervise soil pollution control, so as to ensure sustainable use of soil resources.

With the introduction of this document, China had implemented three major action plans on addressing air, water and soil pollution.

The document listed 10 measures:

?conducting soil pollution surveys to learn about the quality of the soil environment;

?advancing legislation on soil pollution prevention and control and introducing a sound system of laws, regulations and standards;

?managing agricultural land by category to ensure a safe agricultural production environment;

?controlling market access to land used for construction to prevent threats to the living environment;

?protecting clean soil and strictly preventing more soil from being polluted;

?monitoring pollution sources to prevent more soil pollution;

?restoring contaminated land to improve the quality of the soil environment in relevant areas;

?promoting technological research and development to boost eco-friendly industries;

?giving full play to government leadership in building a soil environment improvement system; and

?reinforcing scrutiny of the fulfillment of relevant targets and strengthening accountability.

Following the publication of the document, the state made comprehensive plans to address soil pollution, including relevant legislation, soil pollution surveys, and support policies on soil environment protection and management. A nationwide campaign to keep the soil free from pollution was launched.

In January 2019, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution came into effect. By 2020, about 90 percent of the polluted farmlands and more than 93 percent of other plots of polluted land had been utilized in a safe manner. The risk of soil pollution had been brought under control, and the targets for protecting the soil from pollution had all been met.

Formulating and implementing the three major action plans on addressing air, water and soil pollution are significant moves taken by China's central authorities to fight pollution and build an eco-civilization. They are significant steps to improve the eco-environment and maintain the security of various natural ecosystems.

土壤污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃

土壤是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，保護(hù)好土壤環(huán)境是推進(jìn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)和維護(hù)國家生態(tài)安全的重要內(nèi)容。2016年5月，國務(wù)院印發(fā)《土壤污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》（簡稱“土十條”），以改善土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量為核心，以保障農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和人居環(huán)境安全為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，堅(jiān)持預(yù)防為主、保護(hù)優(yōu)先、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管控，實(shí)施分類別、分用途、分階段治理，要求形成政府主導(dǎo)、企業(yè)擔(dān)責(zé)、公眾參與、社會(huì)監(jiān)督的土壤污染防治體系，促進(jìn)土壤資源永續(xù)利用。至此，針對中國現(xiàn)階段面臨的大氣、水、土壤環(huán)境污染問題的污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃已經(jīng)全部制定發(fā)布實(shí)施。

《土壤污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》確定了十個(gè)方面的措施，即開展土壤污染調(diào)查，掌握土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量狀況；推進(jìn)土壤污染防治立法，建立健全法規(guī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系；實(shí)施農(nóng)用地分類管理，保障農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境安全；實(shí)施建設(shè)用地準(zhǔn)入管理，防范人居環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；強(qiáng)化未受到污染土壤保護(hù)，嚴(yán)控新增土壤污染；加強(qiáng)污染源監(jiān)管，做好土壤污染預(yù)防工作；開展污染治理與修復(fù)，改善區(qū)域土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量；加大科技研發(fā)力度，推動(dòng)環(huán)境保護(hù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展；發(fā)揮政府主導(dǎo)作用，構(gòu)建土壤環(huán)境治理體系；加強(qiáng)目標(biāo)考核，嚴(yán)格責(zé)任追究。

此后，國家對土壤污染防治工作進(jìn)行了全面系統(tǒng)的部署，包括健全完善法律法規(guī)、推進(jìn)全國土壤污染狀況詳查、健全土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)管理及支撐體系等，全國各級各部門持續(xù)開展凈土保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)。2019年1月，《中華人民共和國土壤污染防治法》正式實(shí)施。到2020年，全國受污染耕地安全利用率達(dá)到90%左右，污染地塊安全利用率達(dá)到93%以上，土壤污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)得到基本管控，凈土保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)目標(biāo)全面完成。

制定實(shí)施《大氣污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》《水污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》《土壤污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》三個(gè)污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃是中共中央、國務(wù)院推進(jìn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)、堅(jiān)決向污染宣戰(zhàn)的一項(xiàng)重大舉措，是系統(tǒng)開展污染治理的重要戰(zhàn)略部署，對確保生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量改善、各類自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)安全穩(wěn)定具有重要作用。