Paper Cutting

Paper cutting is a folk art that involves using scissors or art knives to cut patterns and scenes in paper for decorative purposes or to convey specific meanings.

Before paper was invented, people used thin materials such as gold or silver foil to carve hollowed patterns to make art. The earliest written record of paper cutting in ancient China dates back to the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046-771 B.C.) when King Cheng of Zhou cut a parasol tree leaf into the shape of a jade gui (a ritual jade that symbolized statues). After the Northern and Southern dynasties (420-589), paper cutting gradually gained in popularity among the people, and various paper cutting works with complete compositions and utilizing different techniques came into existence. During the Song Dynasty (960-1279), different types of paper cuts were created, including those used to adorn windows, lanterns, and tea cups. The art of paper cutting reached its peak in the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1616-1911) dynasties. Paper cuts were used to decorate almost anything, especially for interior decor. In modern times, especially since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the contents of paper cutting have been enriched, incorporating the everyday life and work of all walks of life and folk customs as common themes.

The art of paper cutting is known for its ability to combine images of various objects to represent different meanings and express good wishes. For example, cranes and pine trees are symbols of longevity, while patterns of babies, gourds (which sound similar to the Chinese characters fu and lu, meaning "happiness" and "good fortune"), and lotus flowers symbolize blessings and fertility. During the Spring Festival, it is common to use paper cuts of the Chinese zodiac animal of that year to decorate windows. Gradually, colored paper-cutting made with shading and dyeing methods has emerged, making the art of paper cutting more expressive. The art has developed different schools and styles. The northern school is bold and unconstrained, while the southern school is graceful and elegant.

The art of paper cutting has continued to evolve. It has been integrated into the social life of all ethnic groups, becoming an integral part of various folk activities. It is also an important folk handicraft. In 2009, Chinese paper-cutting was added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.

剪紙藝術(shù)

剪紙是一種用剪刀或刻刀在紙上剪刻出各種造型、場(chǎng)景，以裝點(diǎn)生活、表達(dá)特定寓意的民間藝術(shù)。

在紙張發(fā)明之前，人們往往在金銀箔片上鏤空雕刻各種圖案花紋等，制成工藝品。西周時(shí)期，周成王將梧桐葉剪成玉圭的形狀，這是中國(guó)古代有關(guān)剪紙藝術(shù)的最早文獻(xiàn)記載。南北朝以后，剪紙藝術(shù)在民間逐漸盛行，出現(xiàn)了構(gòu)圖完整、手法多樣的剪紙作品。宋代剪紙名目繁多，出現(xiàn)了貼于窗上的“窗花”和用于燈彩、茶盞的剪紙裝飾。到了明清時(shí)期， 剪紙藝術(shù)走向成熟，作為全民性藝術(shù)作品廣泛用于家居裝飾。近代以來(lái)至中華人民共和國(guó)成立后，剪紙創(chuàng)作內(nèi)容更加豐富，各行各業(yè)生產(chǎn)生活和風(fēng)俗民情等成為剪紙作品的常見(jiàn)題材。

剪紙藝術(shù)善于把多種物體形象組合在一起，代表不同寓意，表達(dá)美好愿望。比如，仙鶴、松樹(shù)象征長(zhǎng)壽；娃娃、葫蘆、蓮花等圖案象征多子多福。春節(jié)時(shí)，當(dāng)年生肖的剪紙窗花就十分常見(jiàn)。隨著時(shí)代發(fā)展，民間出現(xiàn)了用套色點(diǎn)染等方法制作的彩色剪紙，強(qiáng)化了剪紙作品的表現(xiàn)力。剪紙藝術(shù)還形成了不同的流派與風(fēng)格，如中國(guó)北方派作品豪放粗獷，南方派風(fēng)格婉約細(xì)膩。

在中國(guó)歷史上，剪紙藝術(shù)自誕生以來(lái)從未中斷，它交融于各族人民的社會(huì)生活，是各種民俗活動(dòng)的重要組成部分， 也是民間手工藝術(shù)的重要形態(tài)。2009年，“中國(guó)剪紙”列入聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織人類(lèi)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表作名錄。