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Queen's English refers to standard British English, and it can be further defined as the standard pronunciation and intonation of British English. Its opposite is American English. |
英語(yǔ)普通話是指標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的英國(guó)英語(yǔ)，進(jìn)而可被定義為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音和語(yǔ)調(diào)，與其相對(duì)立的是美國(guó)英語(yǔ)。 |
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Mandarin as the standard Chinese pronunciation has already been accepted widely and advocated throughout China. However, as its counterpart, Queen's English is still little known and never promoted in China, where English has been designated as the first foreign language and a compulsory subject for all students in primary and secondary schools and even universities. In fact, students learning English nowadays in China basically have no concept of what Queen's English is and how it differs from the American version. |
漢語(yǔ)普通話作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的漢語(yǔ)發(fā)音，在中國(guó)已得到普遍推廣，并已在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)得以公認(rèn)。然而，作為與漢語(yǔ)普通話有同等地位的英語(yǔ)普通話，其知之者卻甚少，并從未在中國(guó)得以推廣，盡管在中國(guó)英語(yǔ)已被指定為大、中、小學(xué)的第一外語(yǔ)和必修課。實(shí)際上，今天學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的中國(guó)學(xué)生根本不知道什么是英語(yǔ)普通話，也不知道英語(yǔ)和美語(yǔ)究竟有何不同。 |
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As is known to us all, mandarin originates from the dialect spoken in northern China and is based on the Beijing accent. In analogy, Queen's English originates from England and is based on the educated London accent. American English is derived from Queen's English. In China, only mandarin is accepted as the standard Chinese pronunciation. But as to the standard English pronunciation, some students would think it must be the American version. |
眾所周知，漢語(yǔ)普通話源于中國(guó)北方方言，以北京口音為基礎(chǔ)。同漢語(yǔ)普通話一樣，英語(yǔ)普通話源于英國(guó)，以倫敦口音為基礎(chǔ)，而美國(guó)英語(yǔ)是從英語(yǔ)派生出來(lái)的，屬于英語(yǔ)的音系分支。在中國(guó)，只有普通話被視為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的漢語(yǔ)發(fā)音，但對(duì)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的英語(yǔ)發(fā)音，許多英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者甚至?xí)J(rèn)為是美語(yǔ)。 |
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The Chinese government has been trying to popularize mandarin across the country in the past five decades, because there are 56 ethnic groups in China who speak different languages, and Chinese language alone is spoken in seven main dialects, each of which, in turn, has several local varieties. This has caused great misunderstandings and difficulties for people to communicate in their daily life. The same situation exists in the English-speaking world, where native speakers of English from different parts of the world speak different forms of the language. Even in London, people from the western part sometimes find it difficult to understand the people from the eastern part. Therefore, for a better understanding among the people who speak different forms of English, it is highly necessary to uphold Queen's English as the standard pronunciation in not only the English-speaking countries but the other parts of the world as well. |
在過(guò)去的五十年中，中國(guó)政府一直在大力推廣漢語(yǔ)普通話，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)有56個(gè)說(shuō)不同方言的民族，僅漢語(yǔ)就有七大語(yǔ)系，各語(yǔ)系自身也極具變化，這給人們的日常生活和交流帶來(lái)極大不便。同樣的問(wèn)題在英語(yǔ)世界亦廣泛存在，來(lái)自不同英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的人們用不同的英語(yǔ)口音講話。即使在倫敦，東西部之間的人也時(shí)常會(huì)有交流的困難。所以，為使講不同英語(yǔ)口音的人們能夠無(wú)障礙地交流，在英語(yǔ)國(guó)家里以及世界其它地區(qū)都十分有必要倡導(dǎo)英語(yǔ)普通話。 |
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The English pronunciation varies mainly in the sound of vowels, while the consonants are pronounced in very much the same way wherever English is spoken. A language is first of all to be spoken. Good pronunciation comes from a good command of phonetics. In order to standardize pronunciation of vowels, phoneticians invented a diagram illustrating the side view of oral cavity and showing clearly the pronouncing positions of different vowels. Queen's English also serves as the foundation of the International Phonetic Alphabet promulgated by the International Pronunciation Association (IPA) established in 1886. |
英語(yǔ)口音的不同主要體現(xiàn)在元音上，而輔音的發(fā)音在世界各地都大致相同。語(yǔ)言首先是用來(lái)說(shuō)話的，好的發(fā)音源自對(duì)音標(biāo)的良好掌握。為了規(guī)范元音的發(fā)音，語(yǔ)言學(xué)家發(fā)明了語(yǔ)音圖，即語(yǔ)音口腔剖面圖，使看不見(jiàn)、摸不著的不同元音有了明確的發(fā)音定位。國(guó)際語(yǔ)音協(xié)會(huì)于1886年成立，其制定的國(guó)際音標(biāo)也是以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)，即英語(yǔ)普通話為基礎(chǔ)的。 |
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For about 50 years, until the end of last century, teachers and students of English in China regarded Queen's English as the sole standard, and the IPA was a compulsory course in schools and an independent item for the annual national university entrance English examinations. In the 1970s, China imported the "Linguaphone English Course" with sound effect, and in the 1980s followed this with the introduction of the "Follow Me" TV English teaching program and the "New Concept English Course" with tape-recordings. The oral standard and elegant Queen's English courses have helped at least two generations of Chinese learners of English develop the basic skills of English pronunciation. |
直到上世紀(jì)末，大約五十年以來(lái)，中國(guó)的英語(yǔ)老師和學(xué)生都把以國(guó)際音標(biāo)為依據(jù)的英語(yǔ)普通話視為英語(yǔ)的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。國(guó)際音標(biāo)是學(xué)校的必修課，也曾是高考英語(yǔ)試卷中不可缺少的內(nèi)容。在上世紀(jì)七十年代，中國(guó)引進(jìn)了《靈格風(fēng)英語(yǔ)教程》，八十年代引進(jìn)了《跟我學(xué)》電視英語(yǔ)以及至今仍十分流行的《新概念英語(yǔ)》。通過(guò)這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)優(yōu)雅的英語(yǔ)普通話的學(xué)習(xí)，至少有兩代中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)者掌握了基本的英語(yǔ)發(fā)音。 |
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However, along with introduction of the US TOEFL course into China in the late 1980s, Queen's English gradually lost its dominant position. Consequently, more and more students nowadays never stop complaining that English has no unified standard and different teachers teach different forms of English, which dampens students’ interest in learning the language and in a certain sense damages the teachers’ image in the hearts of their students. |
然而，在上世紀(jì)八十年代末，隨著美國(guó)托?？荚囅到y(tǒng)的引進(jìn)，英語(yǔ)普通話逐漸喪失了其在教與學(xué)中的主導(dǎo)地位，最終導(dǎo)致今天越來(lái)越多的學(xué)生抱怨英語(yǔ)沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不同的老師講不同口音的英語(yǔ)。這不僅極大降低了學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)的興趣，也影響了老師在學(xué)生心目中的形象。 |
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Although different Chinese teachers may pronounce Chinese differently, few students complain that there is no standard pronunciation. That is because most Chinese people know very well what the standard is and they can easily consult dictionaries whenever they are uncertain about the pronunciation of a particular word. Within a Chinese dictionary every word is marked with the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet, which is the only standard for Chinese people to follow. |
雖然不同的漢語(yǔ)老師也講不同口音的漢語(yǔ)，但卻沒(méi)有學(xué)生抱怨?jié)h語(yǔ)沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)人都知道漢語(yǔ)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么。當(dāng)他們對(duì)一個(gè)字的發(fā)音感到不確定時(shí)，可隨時(shí)查字典找標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在漢語(yǔ)字典里，每個(gè)字都有明確的拼音標(biāo)識(shí)，這是漢語(yǔ)的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 |
