| Now, this doesn't mean we can afford to stand still. The nature of our leadership will need to change with the times. As I said the first time I came to London as President, for the G20 summit, the days are gone when Roosevelt and Churchill could sit in a room and solve the world's problems over a glass of brandy -- although I'm sure that Prime Minister Cameron would agree that some days we could both use a stiff drink. (Laughter.) In this century, our joint leadership will require building new partnerships, adapting to new circumstances, and remaking ourselves to meet the demands of a new era. |
這不意味著我們可以停步不前。我們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用的性質(zhì)需順應(yīng)時(shí)代的要求。如我首次作為總統(tǒng)前來(lái)倫敦出席20國(guó)集團(tuán)峰會(huì)時(shí)所說(shuō)，羅斯福和丘吉爾可以坐在房間里喝著白蘭地解決世界上存在的問(wèn)題，這個(gè)時(shí)代已經(jīng)過(guò)去——盡管我想卡梅倫首相一定會(huì)同意，什么時(shí)候我們也可以來(lái)點(diǎn)烈性酒。在這個(gè)世紀(jì)，我們的共同領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用將要求我們建立新的伙伴關(guān)系，適應(yīng)新的情況，為符合新時(shí)代的要求調(diào)整我們自己。 |
| That begins with our economic leadership. |
首先談?wù)勎覀冊(cè)诮?jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用。 |
| Adam Smith's central insight remains true today: There is no greater generator of wealth and innovation than a system of free enterprise that unleashes the full potential of individual men and women. That's what led to the Industrial Revolution that began in the factories of Manchester. That is what led to the dawn of the Information Age that arose from the office parks of Silicon Valley. That's why countries like China, India and Brazil are growing so rapidly -- because in fits and starts, they are moving toward market-based principles that the United States and the United Kingdom have always embraced. |
亞當(dāng)·斯密的核心見(jiàn)解在今天仍然是正確的：一個(gè)能夠全部發(fā)揮男性和女性的個(gè)人潛能的自由企業(yè)制度是帶來(lái)財(cái)富和創(chuàng)新的最有力的引擎。正是它引發(fā)了在曼徹斯特的工廠中興起的工業(yè)革命。正是它催發(fā)了從硅谷的辦公園區(qū)開(kāi)始的信息時(shí)代的黎明。中國(guó)、印度和巴西等國(guó)正在如此迅猛地發(fā)展的原因恰恰在于，他們時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)地在向美國(guó)和英國(guó)一貫推行的以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向的原則邁進(jìn)。 |
| In other words, we live in a global economy that is largely of our own making. And today, the competition for the best jobs and industries favors countries that are free-thinking and forward-looking; countries with the most creative and innovative and entrepreneurial citizens. |
換言之，我們現(xiàn)在的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)基本上是由我們自己所為。今天，思想自由、向前看的國(guó)家在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)最好的工作和產(chǎn)業(yè)時(shí)處于有利地位，這些國(guó)家擁有最具創(chuàng)造力、創(chuàng)新性和創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的公民。 |
| That gives nations like the United States and the United Kingdom an inherent advantage. For from Newton and Darwin to Edison and Einstein, from Alan Turing to Steve Jobs, we have led the world in our commitment to science and cutting-edge research, the discovery of new medicines and technologies. We educate our citizens and train our workers in the best colleges and universities on Earth. But to maintain this advantage in a world that's more competitive than ever, we will have to redouble our investments in science and engineering, and renew our national commitments to educating our workforces. |
這使美國(guó)和英國(guó)等國(guó)享有一種內(nèi)在的優(yōu)勢(shì)。因?yàn)槲覀円晕覀儗?duì)科學(xué)和尖端研究、對(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)新藥和新技術(shù)的全力投入引領(lǐng)世界：從牛頓和達(dá)爾文到愛(ài)迪生和愛(ài)因斯坦，從阿蘭·圖靈到史蒂夫·喬布斯。我們?cè)诘厍蛏献詈玫母叩仍盒Ｖ凶屛覀兊墓袷艿浇逃?，讓我們的勞?dòng)者得到培訓(xùn)。但要在一個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益激烈的世界里保持這種優(yōu)勢(shì)，我們必須加倍投資于科學(xué)和工程領(lǐng)域，并重新推動(dòng)國(guó)家培訓(xùn)勞動(dòng)大軍的努力。 |
| We've also been reminded in the last few years that markets can sometimes fail. In the last century, both our nations put in place regulatory frameworks to deal with such market failures -- safeguards to protect the banking system after the Great Depression, for example; regulations that were established to prevent the pollution of our air and water during the 1970s. |
我們也在最近幾年中再次認(rèn)識(shí)到，市場(chǎng)有時(shí)會(huì)失靈。上個(gè)世紀(jì)，我們兩國(guó)都建立了應(yīng)對(duì)這類(lèi)市場(chǎng)失靈的框架——例如，在大蕭條過(guò)后建立的保護(hù)銀行系統(tǒng)的保障措施，以及1970年代確立的保護(hù)我們的空氣和水不受污染的監(jiān)管措施。 |
| But in today's economy, such threats of market failure can no longer be contained within the borders of any one country. Market failures can go global, and go viral, and demand international responses. A financial crisis that began on Wall Street infected nearly every continent, which is why we must keep working through forums like the G20 to put in place global rules of the road to prevent future excesses and abuse. No country can hide from the dangers of carbon pollution, which is why we must build on what was achieved at Copenhagen and Cancun to leave our children a planet that is safer and cleaner. |
但在當(dāng)今的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)下，上述威脅已不可能被遏制在任何一國(guó)的國(guó)境之內(nèi)。市場(chǎng)失靈的情況可能波及全球并迅速蔓延，必須采取國(guó)際性舉措予以應(yīng)對(duì)。從華爾街開(kāi)始的金融危機(jī)波及幾乎各大洲，因此，我們必須通過(guò)G20這樣的論壇繼續(xù)努力，確立全球性通行規(guī)則，以防今后再出現(xiàn)過(guò)度行為和濫用現(xiàn)象。沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)國(guó)家能躲過(guò)碳污染之害，因此，我們必須鞏固在哥本哈根和坎昆取得的成果，讓我們的子孫擁有一個(gè)更安全、更清潔的星球。 |
| Moreover, even when the free market works as it should, both our countries recognize that no matter how responsibly we live in our lives, hard times or bad luck, a crippling illness or a layoff may strike any one of us. And so part of our common tradition has expressed itself in a conviction that every citizen deserves a basic measure of security -- health care if you get sick, unemployment insurance if you lose your job, a dignified retirement after a lifetime of hard work. That commitment to our citizens has also been the reason for our leadership in the world. |
此外，即使是在自由市場(chǎng)正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的時(shí)候，我們兩國(guó)也都認(rèn)識(shí)到，不論我們?cè)谏钪卸嗝凑J(rèn)真盡責(zé)，任何人都可能遇到困境或不幸，都可能被疾病纏身或遭到解雇。因此，我們的一個(gè)共同傳統(tǒng)體現(xiàn)在這樣一個(gè)信念之中：每位公民都應(yīng)享有基本的安全保障——生病時(shí)有醫(yī)療服務(wù)，失業(yè)時(shí)有失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)，在畢生辛勤工作后有體面的退休生活。我們對(duì)公民的這一承諾也是我們能在全世界發(fā)揮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用的原因之一。 |
| And now, having come through a terrible recession, our challenge is to meet these obligations while ensuring that we're not consuming -- and hence consumed with -- a level of debt that could sap the strength and vitality of our economies. And that will require difficult choices and it will require different paths for both of our countries. But we have faced such challenges before, and have always been able to balance the need for fiscal responsibility with the responsibilities we have to one another. |
現(xiàn)在，在經(jīng)歷了嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退后，我們今天的挑戰(zhàn)是履行這些義務(wù)，同時(shí)確保我們的消費(fèi)不會(huì)導(dǎo)致債務(wù)纏身，以致可能削弱我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)力量與活力。這將需要我們做出艱難的抉擇并要求我們兩國(guó)都采取不同的路線。但是我們過(guò)去曾面對(duì)過(guò)這樣的挑戰(zhàn)，并始終能夠兼顧財(cái)政責(zé)任的需要與我們相互承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。 |
![US President Barack Obama (L) and first lady Michelle Obama (R) talk to Britain's Prince William (2nd L) and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge at Buckingham Palace, in London May 24, 2011. [Photo/Agencies]](http://images.china.cn/attachement/jpg/site1007/20110527/00114320def10f4955d518.jpg "US President Barack Obama (L) and first lady Michelle Obama (R) talk to Britain's Prince William (2nd L) and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge at Buckingham Palace, in London May 24, 2011. [Photo/Agencies]")
