《中國(guó)的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)》白皮書
White Paper: Medical and Health Services in China
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調(diào)整字號(hào)大小: 
| 七、衛(wèi)生國(guó)際合作 | VII. International Medical and Healthcare Cooperation |
| 長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，中國(guó)積極參與全球衛(wèi)生事務(wù)，廣泛開展衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的政府間和民間的多邊、雙邊合作交流，積極參加國(guó)際社會(huì)、國(guó)際組織倡導(dǎo)的重大衛(wèi)生行動(dòng)。高度重視衛(wèi)生國(guó)際援助，先后為許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家援建醫(yī)院、培訓(xùn)衛(wèi)生人才、開展疾病防控等工作，為受援國(guó)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)發(fā)展發(fā)揮了巨大作用。 | For a long period of time, China has been actively participating in international health affairs, and has carried out extensive inter-government and non-governmental multilateral and bilateral cooperation and exchanges. China has also proactively taken part in major health programs of the international community and international organizations. The state pays great attention to international health assistance programs, and has played a huge role in improving the medical and health conditions in many developing countries by building hospitals, training medical and healthcare professionals and carrying out disease control there. |
| 支持世界衛(wèi)生組織等國(guó)際組織工作。積極參與全球衛(wèi)生議題討論，分享經(jīng)驗(yàn)。20世紀(jì)70年代，中國(guó)總結(jié)和貢獻(xiàn)衛(wèi)生實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，為推動(dòng)1978年《阿拉木圖宣言》實(shí)施初級(jí)衛(wèi)生保健發(fā)揮了重要作用。近年來(lái)，在《國(guó)際衛(wèi)生條例(2005)》框架下，與世界衛(wèi)生組織及各國(guó)保持及時(shí)、密切、暢通聯(lián)系，為全球疾病防控作出貢獻(xiàn)。中國(guó)政府每年向世界衛(wèi)生組織、聯(lián)合國(guó)艾滋病規(guī)劃署以及全球抗擊艾滋病、結(jié)核病和瘧疾基金等國(guó)際組織提供捐款。大力支持國(guó)際社會(huì)在慢性病、人禽流感、控?zé)?、?yīng)急等技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的工作。 | Support has been rendered to the work of the World Health Organization and other international organizations. China has been taking an active role in international discussions on health issues and sharing experiences in this regard. In the 1970s, China summarized its practices in healthcare and played an important part in the signing of the Declaration of Alma-Ata in 1978 on primary healthcare by contributing its medical experience. In recent years, China has been efficiently maintaining timely and close contact with the World Health Organization and various countries under the framework of the International Health Regulations (2005), making its due contribution to disease control on a global scale. The Chinese government makes annual donations to the World Health Organization, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), the Global Fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, and other international efforts. China also vigorously supports international work to combat chronic diseases and human avian influenza, as well as in tobacco control, emergency medical responses and other related technical fields. |
| 加強(qiáng)區(qū)域衛(wèi)生合作。2003年以來(lái)，以中國(guó)—東盟傳染病防控領(lǐng)域的合作為開端，加快推進(jìn)區(qū)域衛(wèi)生合作進(jìn)程。目前，中國(guó)已在大湄公河次區(qū)域、中亞區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作、中國(guó)—東盟、東盟與中日韓、中日韓、亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織和上海合作組織等7個(gè)區(qū)域性合作機(jī)制下，開展與周邊國(guó)家和本區(qū)域的衛(wèi)生合作和國(guó)際援助。從2005年起，中國(guó)與緬甸、越南、老撾合作，在邊境地區(qū)開展瘧疾、艾滋病聯(lián)防聯(lián)控項(xiàng)目，還開展了結(jié)核病、登革熱防治等跨境合作項(xiàng)目。 | Regional health cooperation has been strengthened. In 2003, China initiated cooperation in the field of infectious disease control with ASEAN, and has quickened its steps to promote regional health cooperation since then. Currently, China is carrying out health cooperation with peripheral countries and regional international aid programs within seven regional cooperation mechanisms, namely, those of the Greater Mekong Sub-region, Central Asia Region, China-ASEAN, ASEAN and China, Japan and Korea, Inter-China-Japan-Korea, Asia-Pacific, and Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Since 2005, China has been cooperating with Myanmar, Vietnam and Laos to carry out joint prevention and control programs of malaria and AIDS, as well as cross-border cooperation programs on the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis and dengue fever. |
| 派遣援外醫(yī)療隊(duì)。援外醫(yī)療隊(duì)是中國(guó)履行國(guó)際義務(wù)，按政府雙邊協(xié)議向受援國(guó)派遣醫(yī)務(wù)人員團(tuán)隊(duì)，在發(fā)展中國(guó)家開展醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的無(wú)償援助項(xiàng)目。1963年，中國(guó)政府向阿爾及利亞派出第一支援外醫(yī)療隊(duì)。截至2011年，中國(guó)政府已先后向73個(gè)國(guó)家派遣了醫(yī)療隊(duì)。目前，有56支醫(yī)療隊(duì)分布在阿爾及利亞、坦桑尼亞、摩洛哥、津巴布韋等53個(gè)國(guó)家，為當(dāng)?shù)靥貏e是貧困地區(qū)人民提供免費(fèi)醫(yī)療服務(wù)，并為受援國(guó)引入大批先進(jìn)醫(yī)療技術(shù)。50年來(lái)，中國(guó)援外醫(yī)療隊(duì)共診療患者約2.6億人次。醫(yī)療隊(duì)的工作獲得當(dāng)?shù)孛癖姷母叨荣潛P(yáng)，受到受援國(guó)政府的充分肯定，迄今約有900名中國(guó)醫(yī)療隊(duì)員獲得受援國(guó)頒發(fā)的勛章等各種榮譽(yù)。在此期間，有50名中國(guó)援外醫(yī)療隊(duì)員犧牲在異國(guó)他鄉(xiāng)。 | Medical teams have been sent to developing countries to improve medical conditions there. The medical teams China dispatches to developing countries to improve the medical and health conditions there are a regular aid program between the Chinese government and the recipient countries in accordance with bilateral agreements. In 1963, the Chinese government sent its first medical team abroad, to Algeria, and by 2011, China had sent medical teams to 73 countries. Currently, there are 56 Chinese medical teams in Algeria, Tanzania, Morocco, Zimbabwe and 49 other countries. The medical teams provide free medical services for local people there, especially people in poverty-stricken areas, as well as introducing advanced medical technology into the recipient countries. For 50 years, the Chinese medical teams have diagnosed and treated a total of 260 million cases, and their work has been much appreciated by the people and fully recognized by the governments of the recipient countries. So far, about 900 Chinese medical team members have been awarded honors by the recipient countries, and 50 members died during their service abroad. |
| 援建醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)。從1970年開始，中國(guó)支援非洲等地區(qū)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家建設(shè)醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)，致力于改善受援國(guó)醫(yī)療設(shè)施條件。截至2011年底，中國(guó)共幫助52個(gè)國(guó)家建成100所醫(yī)院和醫(yī)療中心，為解決當(dāng)?shù)孛癖娍床【歪t(yī)困難作出了積極貢獻(xiàn)。中國(guó)為援建醫(yī)院提供大量成套醫(yī)療設(shè)備和藥品，僅2011年中國(guó)就提供了34批醫(yī)療設(shè)備和藥品。截至2011年11月，還有28個(gè)國(guó)家的31個(gè)援建項(xiàng)目在建。 | Medical institutions have been built in developing countries with aid from China. Since 1970, China has been committed to helping developing countries in Africa and other areas to build medical institutions and improve their medical conditions. By the end of 2011, China had helped a total of 52 countries, and built 100 hospitals and medical centers for them, improving medical conditions and providing medical services for local people. China equipped the hospitals with a large number of complete sets of medical equipment and medicines, and in 2011 alone it shipped 34 batches of medical equipment and medicines to the recipient countries. By November 2011, 31 new projects in this regard were still under construction in 28 countries. |
| 培訓(xùn)衛(wèi)生人力資源。中國(guó)援外醫(yī)療隊(duì)通過(guò)帶教、講座、培訓(xùn)等方式，將醫(yī)療技術(shù)傳授給當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)護(hù)人員，提高受援國(guó)衛(wèi)生技術(shù)水平。中國(guó)政府支持衛(wèi)生技術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)在華為發(fā)展中國(guó)家舉辦衛(wèi)生技術(shù)研修和培訓(xùn)，截至2011年，共舉辦培訓(xùn)班400多期，培訓(xùn)15000余人，涉及衛(wèi)生管理、緊急救援管理、食品衛(wèi)生、傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥、傳染病防控、實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)、衛(wèi)生檢疫和護(hù)理技術(shù)等。為幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家培養(yǎng)高層次醫(yī)學(xué)衛(wèi)生人才，中國(guó)政府還向在華學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)和中醫(yī)藥學(xué)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家學(xué)生提供政府獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。 | Health professionals have been trained by China for developing countries. The Chinese medical teams pass their medical knowledge and technology to local medics through personal tutorials, lectures and training courses, improving the medical technology of the recipient countries. The Chinese government supports health technology institutions to hold related study and training programs for developing countries in China. By 2011, China had held over 400 training courses for 15,000 persons on health management, emergency management, food hygiene, traditional medicine, infectious disease prevention and control, laboratory testing, health quarantine, nursing skills and other areas. To help developing countries train medical and health professionals of high caliber, China also offers government scholarships for students from developing countries studying medicine and TCM in China. |
| 開展國(guó)際緊急救援。2004年，印度洋地震和海嘯在東南亞和南亞地區(qū)造成重大人員傷亡，中國(guó)及時(shí)派出衛(wèi)生救援隊(duì)赴泰國(guó)、斯里蘭卡、印度尼西亞開展救援，并通過(guò)世界衛(wèi)生組織向受災(zāi)國(guó)家捐助醫(yī)療儀器設(shè)備和美元現(xiàn)匯。近五年來(lái)，中國(guó)政府累計(jì)開展衛(wèi)生緊急救援近200次，包括向發(fā)生疫情、自然災(zāi)害的幾內(nèi)亞比紹、馬達(dá)加斯加、巴基斯坦、印度尼西亞、海地等國(guó)家派遣衛(wèi)生救援隊(duì)、提供物資或現(xiàn)匯緊急援助等。中國(guó)還派出救援隊(duì)赴黎巴嫩、剛果(金)等國(guó)際維和任務(wù)區(qū)實(shí)施人道主義醫(yī)學(xué)援助，派遣“和平方舟號(hào)”醫(yī)院船赴亞非五國(guó)、拉美四國(guó)開展巡回醫(yī)療服務(wù)。 | International emergency rescue has been undertaken. In 2004, Southeast Asia and South Asia suffered great casualties due to an earthquake in the Indian Ocean and the following tsunami. China promptly responded to the emergency by sending medical rescue teams to Thailand, Sri Lanka and Indonesia to help relief efforts there, and donated medical equipment and cash in US dollar to the affected countries through the World Health Organization. Over the past five years, the Chinese government has responded to about 200 health emergencies, sending medical rescue teams to Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar, Pakistan, Indonesia, Haiti and other countries stricken by epidemics or natural disasters, as well as providing relief supplies and cash to those countries. China has also dispatched rescue teams to Lebanon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and other international peacekeeping mission areas to offer humanitarian medical aid there, and its Peace Ark hospital ship sailed to five Asian and African and four Latin-American nations to provide medical services to the people there. |
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