《2014年中國人權(quán)事業(yè)的進展》白皮書
White Paper: Progress in China's Human Rights in 2014
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調(diào)整字號大小: 
| 一、發(fā)展權(quán)利 | I. Right to Development |
| 2014年，中國政府積極推進發(fā)展理念和制度創(chuàng)新，采取有效措施保障公民獲得公平發(fā)展的機會，讓更多人分享改革發(fā)展的“紅利”，促進公民的經(jīng)濟、社會和文化權(quán)利得到更好保障。 | In 2014 the Chinese government promoted development concepts and systems innovation, adopted effective measures to guarantee citizens' access to fair development, had more people to share the fruit of reform and development, and better protected the people's economic, social and cultural rights. |
| 人民生活有新的改善。2014年，中國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比上年增長7.4%，經(jīng)濟運行處于合理區(qū)間。中西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟增速快于東部地區(qū)。城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1322萬人，高于上年。全年糧食產(chǎn)量60710萬噸，比上年增加516萬噸。南水北調(diào)中線一期工程通水，京津冀等地6000萬群眾喝上了長江水。6600多萬農(nóng)村人口飲水安全得到解決。全國有19個地區(qū)提高了最低工資標準。全國居民人均可支配收入20167元,比上年實際增長8.0%，快于經(jīng)濟增長。城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入28844元，比上年實際增長6.8%；農(nóng)村居民人均可支配收入10489元，比上年實際增長9.2%，連續(xù)五年快于城鎮(zhèn)居民收入增長。城鄉(xiāng)居民收入比13年來首次降至3倍以下。全國居民人均消費支出14491元，比上年實際增長7.5%。其中，城鎮(zhèn)居民人均消費支出19968元，比上年實際增長5.8%；農(nóng)村居民人均消費支出8383元，比上年實際增長10.0%。截至2014年底，全國電話用戶總數(shù)達15.3億戶，其中移動電話用戶達12.8億戶，普及率達到94.5部/百人。4G用戶達到9728.4萬戶，3G用戶4.8億戶?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)寬帶接入用戶突破2億戶，其中使用4M及以上寬帶產(chǎn)品的用戶達到1.77億戶，占比達到88.1%。全國互聯(lián)總帶寬達到2500G，國際通信出入口帶寬達到9614Gbps，國際通信業(yè)務(wù)出入口帶寬達到3361.9Gbps。國內(nèi)居民出境11659萬人次，其中因私出境11003萬人次，比上年增長19.6%。 | People's living standard further improved. China's GDP in 2014 increased by 7.4 percent over the previous year, and the economy operated within an appropriate range. The economic growth in central and western China was faster than that in the east. As many as 13.22 million new urban jobs were created, more than that in 2013. The total output of grain was 607.1 million tons, an increase of 5.16 million tons over the previous year. The first phase of the central line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project was completed, providing water from the Yangtze River in the south to 60 million people in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in the north. More than 66 million rural people began to have access to safe drinking water in that year. In 2014 minimum wage standards were raised in 19 regions. The nationwide annual per capita disposable income reached 20,167 yuan, up 8 percent over the previous year and faster than the economic growth rate in 2014. The annual per capita disposable income for urban residents was 28,844 yuan, and that for rural residents reached 10,489 yuan, up 6.8 percent and 9.2 percent over the previous year, respectively, with the increasing rate for rural residents higher than that for urban residents for the fifth consecutive year. The urban-rural income ratio fell below 3:1 for the first time over the previous 13 years. Nationwide, per capita consumption expenditure reached 14,491 yuan, an increase of 7.5 percent over 2013, among which the consumption expenditure of urban residents was 19,968 yuan and that of rural residents was 8,383 yuan, up 5.8 percent and 10 percent, respectively. By the end of 2014 the number of telephone users in China had reached 1.53 billion, among whom that of mobile phone users reached 1.28 billion, with the penetration rate hitting 94.5 per 100 people. The number of 4G users was 97.284 million, and that of 3G users was 480 million. The number of Internet broadband users surpassed 200 million, among whom that of subscribers using broadband over 4M reached 177 million, taking up 88.1 percent of the total. The total broadband in China was 2500G, the broadband of the international communications gateway reached 9614Gbps, and the broadband of the international communications service gateway reached 3361.9Gbps. The number of trips abroad made by Chinese citizens was 116.59 million, among which those for private purposes reached 110.03 million, an increase of 19.6 percent over the previous year. |
| 城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)覆蓋面進一步擴大。國務(wù)院印發(fā)《國家新型城鎮(zhèn)化規(guī)劃（2014－2020年）》。中央財政安排11億元資金，在2個省、14個市和300個示范縣重點推進，加快建立新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民隊伍。加強農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)鑒定工作，全年培訓(xùn)鑒定約40萬人次。組織開展農(nóng)村實用人才帶頭人示范培訓(xùn)，全年培養(yǎng)1.2萬名學(xué)員。開展現(xiàn)代種養(yǎng)技術(shù)、動物衛(wèi)生防疫等專業(yè)培訓(xùn)，全年培訓(xùn)7萬人。國務(wù)院發(fā)布《關(guān)于進一步推進戶籍制度改革的意見》，全面放開建制鎮(zhèn)和小城市落戶限制，建立城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的戶口登記制度，建立居住證制度，建立健全與居住年限等條件相掛鉤的基本公共服務(wù)提供機制，穩(wěn)步推進城鎮(zhèn)基本公共服務(wù)常住人口全覆蓋。 | Basic public services coverage increase in both urban and rural areas. The State Council issued the National New-Type Urbanization Plan (2014-2020), and the central government appropriated a fund of 1.1 billion yuan to promote the development of new-type professional farmers in two provinces, 14 municipalities and 300 counties. China improved the occupational training and testing of farmers in 2014, with more than 400,000 people trained and tested in that year. China also organized training sessions for leaders in practical rural skills, and 12,000 people participated in the training in 2014. Professional training sessions were also held on modern planting and breeding as well as on animal sanitation and epidemic prevention, with more than 70,000 people receiving the training in that year. By issuing the Opinions on Further Promoting Household Registration System Reform, the State Council lifted all restrictions on settlement in incorporated towns (towns with a population of at least 2,500) and small cities, established a uniform household registration system in urban and rural areas together with a residence permit system, established and improved a basic public service supply mechanism linked with residence period, and steadily promoted the complete coverage of basic public services for permanent urban residents. |
| 教育公平得到更好落實。繼續(xù)加大教育資源投入，并向中西部和農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育傾斜。2014年，中央一般公共預(yù)算教育支出4101.9億元，增長8.2%。中央財政安排學(xué)前資助資金10億元，義務(wù)教育免費教科書資金132.66億元，義務(wù)教育家庭經(jīng)濟困難寄宿生生活費補助資金72.93億元。全國近1.1億名農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育階段學(xué)生全部享受免除學(xué)雜費和免費教科書政策，小學(xué)一年級新生免費獲得學(xué)生字典，中西部地區(qū)1240萬名家庭經(jīng)濟困難寄宿生獲得生活費補助。自2014年11月開始，農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育學(xué)生營養(yǎng)改善計劃國家試點地區(qū)補助標準由每生每年600元提高到800元。安排營養(yǎng)改善計劃資金171.56億元，約3184萬學(xué)生受益。1000多萬名中職學(xué)校學(xué)生享受免學(xué)費政策，約488萬名普通高中學(xué)生、315萬名中職學(xué)生和660萬名高校學(xué)生享受國家助學(xué)金資助。安排中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資310億元，全面改善貧困地區(qū)義務(wù)教育薄弱學(xué)校的辦學(xué)條件，重點實施農(nóng)村學(xué)前教育推進工程、邊遠艱苦地區(qū)農(nóng)村學(xué)校教師周轉(zhuǎn)宿舍建設(shè)、民族地區(qū)教育基礎(chǔ)薄弱縣普通高中建設(shè)、中西部地區(qū)特殊教育學(xué)校建設(shè)等工程。全國九年義務(wù)教育鞏固率、高中階段教育毛入學(xué)率分別達到92.6%和86.5%。全國已有28個?。ㄗ灾螀^(qū)、直轄市）開始解決進城務(wù)工人員隨遷子女接受義務(wù)教育后在流入地參加高考的問題。繼續(xù)實施高?！爸г形鞑康貐^(qū)招生協(xié)作計劃”和“農(nóng)村貧困地區(qū)定向招生專項計劃”，兩項計劃的規(guī)模分別擴大至20萬人和5萬人，分別比上年增加1.5萬人和2萬人。 | Educational fairness better guaranteed. China is continuing to increase its input in educational resources, giving preferential treatment to central and western regions and compulsory education in the countryside. In 2014, the education expenditure from the general public services budget of the central government reached 410.19 billion yuan, up 8.2 percent from 2013. The central government allocated one billion yuan from its budget as supporting funds for pre-school education, 13.266 billion yuan for free textbooks for compulsory education courses, and 7.293 billion yuan as cost of living subsidies for boarders in schools offering compulsory education from families with financial difficulties. Nearly 110 million rural students receiving compulsory education benefited from exemption of all tuition and miscellaneous fees as well as free textbooks, first-grade pupils received dictionaries for free, and 12.4 million boarders from poverty-stricken households in central and western China received cost of living subsidies. Since November 2014 the nutrition subsidies covered by national pilot projects for rural students receiving compulsory education have been raised from 600 yuan to 800 yuan per person per year. In the same year, the central government allocated 17.156 billion yuan for nutrition improvement, benefiting 31.84 million students. Secondary vocational education was made free for more than 10 million students, and national grants were provided to nearly 4.88 million senior high school students, 3.15 million secondary vocational school students and 6.6 million college students. The central government also appropriated 31 billion yuan to upgrade schools with poor compulsory education conditions in poverty-stricken areas, with the focus on promoting pre-school education in rural areas, building dormitories for rural teachers in remote and border areas, building senior high schools in counties with a weak educational foundation in regions inhabited by ethnic minorities, and building special education schools in central and western China. The percentage of students receiving nine-year compulsory education remaining in school and the gross enrollment ratio of senior high schools were 92.6 percent and 86.5 percent, respectively. Twenty-eight provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government have started to address the problem of whether or not permitting children of rural migrant workers who received their compulsory education in cities to sit the national college entrance examinations in cities where they are now living. Institutions of higher learning continued to implement the country's Collaborative Admission Plan for Supporting the Central and Western Regions (initiated in 2008) and the Special Admission Plan for Students from Poor Rural Areas (initiated in 2012), expanding the two plans to cover 200,000 and 50,000 people, an increase of 15,000 and 20,000 people, respectively, over the previous year. |
| 扶貧工作扎實推進。實施“精準扶貧”戰(zhàn)略。國家將10月17日確定為扶貧日。中央和國家機關(guān)、企事業(yè)單位定點幫扶592個國家扶貧開發(fā)工作重點縣，定點扶貧實現(xiàn)了對重點縣的全覆蓋。中央財政預(yù)算安排專項扶貧資金433億元，比上年增長近10%。實施以工代賑政策，中央財政投入資金57.2億元，支持建設(shè)一批農(nóng)田水利、鄉(xiāng)村道路等中小型公益性基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，為參與工程建設(shè)的貧困地區(qū)群眾發(fā)放勞務(wù)報酬6.8億元。針對貧困地區(qū)群眾實施易地扶貧搬遷工程，累計投入中央補助資金55億元，搬遷貧困人口91.69萬人。在14個集中連片特困地區(qū)投入車輛購置稅收入補助地方資金約1541億元，支持片區(qū)改造建設(shè)3.17萬公里的高速公路和普通國省道，建設(shè)9.6萬公里農(nóng)村公路和一批農(nóng)村客運站點，解決片區(qū)93個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、1.05萬個建制村交通問題。推進四川、貴州、云南、陜西、甘肅、青海、新疆等七省區(qū)138個“溜索改橋”項目建設(shè)。按照年人均收入2300元（2010年不變價）的農(nóng)村扶貧標準計算，2014年底農(nóng)村貧困人口為7017萬人，比上年減少1232萬人。 | Poverty alleviation steadily promoted. China has adopted a strategy of taking targeted measures for poverty alleviation, and declared October 17 as "China Poverty Alleviation Day." Departments of the CPC Central Committee and the central government at various levels, enterprises and public institutions are paired up with and assisting all of the 592 counties that are key targets of the government's development-oriented poverty-reduction work. The central government appropriated 43.3 billion yuan for poverty reduction in 2014, an increase of nearly 10 percent over the previous year, adopted the policy of giving people work in place of relief subsidies, allocated 5.72 billion yuan to support the building of small and medium-sized infrastructure projects for public welfare, such as water conservancy projects, road construction, etc., and earmarked 680 million yuan as remuneration for people in poverty-stricken areas participating in the construction projects. China also resettled 916,900 impoverished people from poverty-stricken areas at a total cost of 5.5 billion yuan. It allocated 154.1 billion yuan out of the vehicle purchase tax to subsidize 14 contiguous poverty-stricken areas, supporting the building and renovation of 31,700 km of expressways and national or provincial highways, building 96,000 km of rural highways and a batch of rural passenger bus stations, and solving the traffic problems of 93 townships, and 10,500 villages. The central government proceeded with the plan of building 138 bridges to replace ropeways in seven provinces and regions, namely, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang. By the end of 2014 the impoverished population in rural China had decreased to 70.17 million, based on the criterion that the national poverty line has been set at 2,300 yuan per person per year (calculated at 2010 constant prices). This means that there were 12.32 million fewer poverty-stricken people at the end of 2014 than a year earlier. |
| 農(nóng)民工合法權(quán)益得到切實維護。截至2014年底，全國農(nóng)民工總量為27395萬人，比上年增長1.9%。各級政府著力穩(wěn)定和擴大農(nóng)民工就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)，切實保障農(nóng)民工合法勞動權(quán)益。國家制定《農(nóng)民工職業(yè)技能提升計劃》。健全基層就業(yè)和社會保障服務(wù)設(shè)施，安排中央預(yù)算內(nèi)資金共建設(shè)269個縣級就業(yè)和社會保障服務(wù)中心、961個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)服務(wù)站。繼續(xù)發(fā)揮工會組織和職工維權(quán)機構(gòu)在保障勞動者權(quán)利方面的重要作用，為求職者提供各類就業(yè)服務(wù)500萬人次以上，幫助100萬人簽訂為期一年以上的勞動合同。國家有關(guān)部門聯(lián)合發(fā)布《關(guān)于進一步做好建筑業(yè)工傷保險工作的意見》，進一步明確和細化了保障建筑業(yè)農(nóng)民工工傷保險權(quán)益的政策措施。2014年，各級人力資源和社會保障部門依法查處涉及拖欠工資類案件26.3萬件。各級人民法院全年共審結(jié)土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)、宅基地糾紛、拖欠農(nóng)民工工資等案件21.9萬件，依法判處拒不支付勞動報酬罪犯753人。最高人民法院發(fā)布《關(guān)于審理工傷保險行政案件若干問題的規(guī)定》，明確了特殊情況下承擔(dān)工傷保險責(zé)任的用人單位，第三人的原因造成工傷的處理方式，并對涉及勞動關(guān)系確認的行政審判程序作了規(guī)范，細化工傷認定中“工作原因、工作時間和工作場所”等問題。 | The legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers effectively protected. By the end of 2014 the total number of migrant workers in China was 273.95 million, an increase of 1.9 percent over 2013. Governments at all levels endeavored to stabilize and increase employment as well as business development for migrant workers, thus effectively guaranteeing their legitimate labor rights and interests. The central government formulated the Plan to Raise the Vocational Skills of Migrant Workers, which improved social security and employment service at the community level for them, and provided funds to build 269 county-level employment and social security service centers, and 961 town and township service stations. It gave full play to the important role of the trade unions and other rights-protection organizations for safeguarding workers' rights, provided various kinds of employment services to more than five million people, and helped one million people sign labor contracts with a duration of over one year. In 2014 various central government departments and a social group jointly issued the Opinions of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, State Administration of Work Safety and All -China Federation of Trade Unions on Further Improving Work on Work-related Injury Insurance in the Construction Industry, further defining and detailing the relevant policies and measures. In the same year, human resources and social security departments at all levels investigated and handled 263,000 cases concerning wage arrears. People's courts at all levels investigated and settled 219,000 cases relating to the transfer of land-use rights, disputes over rural homestead and wage arrears, and convicted 753 persons for refusing to pay others for the labor rendered. The Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Trial of Administrative Cases Concerning Work-Related Injury Insurance was promulgated in the same year to define employers' responsibility in case of work-related injury insurance, and how to deal with cases of work-related injury caused by third parties. The Provisions also made clear the administrative trial procedures relating to labor relations confirmation, and defined such factors as "work-related, time and place of work" in the identification of work-related injuries. |
| 社會保險覆蓋面進一步擴大。國務(wù)院發(fā)布《關(guān)于建立統(tǒng)一的城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險制度的意見》，在全國范圍內(nèi)建立統(tǒng)一的城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險制度，解決了勞動者特別是農(nóng)民工參加職工和城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險的制度銜接問題。截至2014年底，全國城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險人數(shù)34124萬人，比上年增加1906萬人。參加城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險人數(shù)50107萬人，比上年增加357萬人。全國城鎮(zhèn)基本醫(yī)療保險參保59774萬人，新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療參保73627萬人，城鄉(xiāng)基本醫(yī)療保險覆蓋率超過95%。全國參加失業(yè)保險人數(shù)17043萬人，比上年增加626萬人，領(lǐng)取失業(yè)保險金人數(shù)207萬人，全年月人均失業(yè)保險金水平為852元。參加工傷保險人數(shù)20639萬人，比上年增加722萬人，其中參加工傷保險的農(nóng)民工7362萬人，比上年增加98萬人。參加生育保險人數(shù)17039萬人，比上年增加647萬人。 | Social insurance coverage widened. The State Council issued the Opinions on Establishing a Unified Basic Pension Insurance System for Non-working Urban and Rural Residents in 2014, establishing a unified basic pension insurance system nationwide, which solved the problem of laborers, especially migrant workers participating in the basic pension insurance system for urban workers or non-working people. A total of 341.24 million people had participated in the basic pension insurance for urban workers by the end of 2014, and 501.07 million people had participated in the basic pension insurance system for non-working people, increases of 19.06 million and 3.57 million, respectively, compared with 2013. At the same time, some 597.74 million people had participated in the basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and 736.27 million people had participated in the new rural cooperative medical care system. The coverage of the basic medical insurance system for urban and rural residents exceeded 95 percent. In 2014 a total of 170.43 million people participated in the unemployment insurance scheme, an increase of 6.26 million over 2013, and the number of people receiving unemployment insurance allowances reached 2.07 million, making the average amount of 852 yuan per month. A total of 206.39 million people participated in work-related injury insurance in 2014, an increase of 7.22 million people over the previous year, among whom 73.62 million weremigrant workers, an increase of 980,000 people. As many as 170.39 million people participated in maternity insurance, 6.47 million more than in 2013. |
| 醫(yī)療保障體系更加完善。政府不斷提高對城鄉(xiāng)居民醫(yī)保的補助水平，2014年新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療和城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)療保險的財政補助標準提高到每人每年320元，個人繳費水平提高到90元。各地不同程度地開展了城鄉(xiāng)居民大病保險工作，大病患者報銷比例在基本醫(yī)保報銷的基礎(chǔ)上提高了10個百分點以上。中央財政投資224億元加強醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系建設(shè)，用于全國152所疾控機構(gòu)、257所婦幼保健機構(gòu)、24個其他專業(yè)公共衛(wèi)生防治機構(gòu)建設(shè)，以及360所縣級醫(yī)院、2645所鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院、53所社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心、4.4萬所村衛(wèi)生室、1.8萬套鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院周轉(zhuǎn)宿舍建設(shè)等。基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)政府補助標準從2013年人均30元提高到2014年的35元，用于11類43項服務(wù)內(nèi)容，進一步擴大了服務(wù)內(nèi)容和人群受益范圍。中央財政安排154億元，實施6大類重大公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)項目，對艾滋病、結(jié)核病等重大疾病預(yù)防控制、婦女兒童健康保健、食品風(fēng)險監(jiān)測、健康素養(yǎng)促進、人員培訓(xùn)等工作給予補助。中央財政安排91億元，用于推進基本藥物制度在基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)和村衛(wèi)生室實施。中央財政安排醫(yī)改資金118億元，用于推進公立醫(yī)院改革、開展住院醫(yī)師規(guī)范化培訓(xùn)等工作。 | Medical security system further improved. The central government has gradually raised the annual government subsidy for the basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents. In 2014 government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and medical insurance for non-working urban residents reached 320 yuan per person per year, with the individual contribution rising to 90 yuan. Serious illness insurance for urban and rural non-working residents is now available throughout the country, and the reimbursement rate for patients with serious illnesses is 10 percentage points higher than that for the basic medical insurance. The central government appropriated 22.4 billion yuan in 2014 to improve the medical health service system, including the building of 152 disease prevention and control institutions, 257 maternal and children health-care institutions, 24 other professional public health and disease prevention and control institutions, 360 county-level hospitals, 2,645 town and township hospitals, 53 community health service centers, 44,000 village clinics and 18,000 dormitories in town and township hospitals. The government subsidy for the basic public health services rose from 30 yuan per person in 2013 to 35 yuan in 2014, covering 43 items of services in 11 categories, providing more services and benefiting more people. The central government appropriated 15.4 billion yuan as supporting funds for six major public health service projects, including the prevention and control of HIV, tuberculosis and other serious diseases, healthcare for women and children, supervision of food risks, raising public's awareness about health, and personnel training. The central government poured 9.1 billion yuan into implementing the basic pharmaceuticals system at grassroots medical and health institutions, and village clinics. Another 11.8 billion yuan was allocated to promote reform of state-owned hospitals and standardized training of physicians. |
| 社會救助水平進一步提高。《社會救助暫行辦法》頒布實施，依法解決城鄉(xiāng)困難群眾各類生活困難，保障全體公民在獲取社會救助方面的權(quán)利公平、機會公平、待遇公平。截至2014年底，全國共有城市低保對象1880萬人，農(nóng)村低保對象5209萬人、五保供養(yǎng)對象529.5萬人。全國城市低保平均標準提高為411元/人/月，月人均補助275元，分別比上年同期增長10.1%、9.1%；全國農(nóng)村低保平均標準提高為2777元/人/年，月人均補助125元，分別比上年同期增長14.1%、12.5%。中央財政安排5億元，推動各?。ㄗ灾螀^(qū)、直轄市）、市（地）建立疾病應(yīng)急救助基金，用于解決在中國境內(nèi)急重危傷病、需要急救但身份不明確或無負擔(dān)能力患者急救費用補助問題。全國實施醫(yī)療救助1.02億人次，支出醫(yī)療救助資金254億元，住院救助、門診救助、資助參保參合水平分別達到1723元、144元、80元。自2014年10月1日起，國家對殘疾軍人等優(yōu)撫對象的撫恤金和生活補助標準提高了20%。 | Social assistance further improved. China issued the Interim Measures for Social Assistance, and solved the livelihood difficulties of poverty-stricken urban and rural people in accordance with the law, and ensured equal rights, opportunities and treatment for all citizens who sought social assistance. By the end of 2014 there were altogether 18.8 million urban recipients and 52.09 million rural recipients of subsistence allowances, and 5.295 million people enjoying the "five guarantees" (food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses). The average minimum cost of living and subsidy for urban recipients was 411 yuan per person per month and 275 yuan per person per month, up 10.1 percent and 9.1 percent, respectively, over the previous year. For rural recipients these figures were 2,777 yuan per person per year and 125 yuan per person per month, up 14.1 percent and 12.5 percent, respectively, over 2013. The central government allocated 500 million yuan to encourage all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government as well as cities and prefectures to establish emergency assistance funds for emergency treatment for seriously ill or injured people whose identities are unknown or who are unable to pay the fees. In 2014, 25.4 billion yuan was spent on providing medical aid to 102 million people nationwide. The in-patient aid, out-patient aid and aid for participating in urban medical insurance and the new rural cooperative medical care system respectively reached 1,723 yuan, 144 yuan and 80 yuan per person. From October 1, 2014, pensions and funds to ensure the minimum living standard for disabled soldiers and other people with special needs both increased by 20 percent. |
| 保障性住房建設(shè)加速推進。繼續(xù)落實《國務(wù)院關(guān)于加快棚戶區(qū)改造工作的意見》，將棚戶區(qū)改造和保障性安居工程配套基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)作為中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資的重點。2014年，棚戶區(qū)改造和保障性安居工程配套基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資達到787億元。中央財政投入農(nóng)村危房改造補助資金230億元，支持完成改造任務(wù)266萬戶。各級政府將保障性安居工程作為必須向人民兌現(xiàn)的“硬承諾”、“硬任務(wù)”，全年城鎮(zhèn)保障性安居工程新開工740萬套，基本建成511萬套，超額完成年初既定的新開工700萬套以上、基本建成480萬套目標任務(wù)。2008年至2014年，中央財政投入城鎮(zhèn)保障性安居工程補助資金8000多億元，全國城鎮(zhèn)保障性安居工程合計開工4500多萬套，其中，各類棚戶區(qū)改造2080萬套。到2014年底，累計解決了4000多萬戶城鎮(zhèn)家庭的住房困難。 | Construction of government-subsidized housing accelerated. China continued to implement the Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Rebuilding of Shanty Towns to give priority to central government's financial input in the rebuilding of shanty towns, and the building of infrastructure supportive to government-subsidized housing projects within the central budget. In 2014 funds provided in this regard within the central budget reached 78.7 billion yuan. At the same time, the central government provided 23 billion yuan as part of the funds in the renovation of dilapidated rural houses, and finished renovating the housing of 2.66 million families. Government-subsidized housing is regarded by governments at all levels as a promise they have to fulfill to the people. Throughout the year of 2014, construction began on 7.4 million government-subsidized apartments, and 5.11 million were basically completed, exceeding the goals of the construction of 7 million apartments and completing 4.8 million apartments set at the beginning of the year. From 2008 to 2014 China provided more than 800 billion yuan from the central budget in urban government-subsidized housing. During this period, construction began on 45 million government-subsidized apartments, of which 20.8 million were to be located in shanty towns. By the end of 2014 China had solved housing difficulties for more than 40 million urban households. |
| 公民基本文化權(quán)益得到更好保障。國家加快建立健全覆蓋全社會的公共文化服務(wù)體系，加強文化市場法治建設(shè)，將總共11項文化市場主體準入的前置審批項目，一次性全部改為后置審批；加大文化事業(yè)資金投入，實施公共數(shù)字文化建設(shè)和公共圖書館、美術(shù)館、文化館（站）免費開放項目等重大文化惠民工程。2014年，中央財政安排農(nóng)村公共文化建設(shè)資金143.8億元，有效提升基層公共文化服務(wù)能力，促進公共文化服務(wù)均等化提高。截至2014年底，全國共有藝術(shù)表演團體2008個，博物館2760個，文化館3311個；全國共有公共圖書館3110個，總流通52250萬人次；全國共有檔案館4246個，已開放各類檔案12835萬卷（件）。全國已有2115個博物館及43510個公共圖書館、美術(shù)館、文化館（站）實現(xiàn)免費開放。全國有線電視用戶3.21億戶，有線數(shù)字電視用戶1.87億戶；廣播節(jié)目綜合人口覆蓋率為98.0%，電視節(jié)目綜合人口覆蓋率為98.6%；廣播電視村村通工程覆蓋20戶以上通電自然村，向戶戶通升級，直播衛(wèi)星戶戶通已達1600多萬戶。全年生產(chǎn)電視劇429部15983集，電視動畫片138496分鐘；生產(chǎn)故事影片618部，科技、紀錄、動畫和特種影片140部，電影票房達到296億元，比上年增長36%，其中票房過億元的國產(chǎn)片36部；農(nóng)村電影放映工程實現(xiàn)平均每個行政村一月放映一場電影的目標，由室外向室內(nèi)、流動向固定放映轉(zhuǎn)變，可訂購影片數(shù)量超過3000部。農(nóng)家書屋工程覆蓋全部行政村，初步建立出版物合理定期更新長效機制，數(shù)字書屋建設(shè)加快推進。中央專項彩票公益金支持建設(shè)鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校少年宮3600所，比上年增加80%。“十二五”期間累計投入中央專項彩票公益金33.85億元，示范帶動各地興建25000多所鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校少年宮。根據(jù)第六次全國體育場地普查結(jié)果，全國共有體育場地169.5萬個，場地面積19.9億平方米。全國文化旅游景區(qū)（點）年參觀人數(shù)約14億人次，帶動旅游收入約2500億元，固定就業(yè)人員超過100萬。 | Basic cultural rights better protected. China has speeded up the building of a public cultural services system that covers the entire society, and enhanced the rule of law in the culture market. It has changed 11 items from pre-access approval to post-access approval for investment in this market. At the same time the state has increased its input in cultural programs, carried out the digital cultural programs, and built libraries, art galleries, cultural centers and similar projects that are open to the public for free. In 2014 the central budget allocated 14.38 billion yuan for rural public cultural improvements, effectively improved the public cultural services at the grassroots level, and promoted equal access to public cultural services. By the end of 2014 China had 2,008 art performance organizations, 2,760 museums and 3,311 cultural centers. In addition, China had 3,110 public libraries, which received a total of 522.5 million visits in that year, and 4,246 archives with a total of 128.35 million open archival records. Some 2,115 museums and 43,510 public libraries, art galleries and cultural centers instituted free admission. China had 321 million cable TV users (households) and 187 million cable digital TV users. About 98 percent of China's population had access to radio broadcasts, and the figure was 98.6 percent for access to television programs. China has made radio and television services available for every village with more than 20 households, and is working to expand the coverage to every household. The project of providing direct broadcasting satellite services to every household has covered more than 16 million households so far. In 2014 China produced 429 TV series totaling 15,983 episodes, TV cartoon programs totaling 138,496 minutes. It produced 618 feature films, and 140 other films, including popular science films, documentaries, animated cartoons and special-purpose films. The total cinema box office receipts reached 29.6 billion yuan, an increase of 36 percent over the previous year. Thirty-six domestic films each surpassed 100 million yuan in box office receipts. Meanwhile, China carried out a rural film program, projecting at least one film per month in every administrative village. Outdoor mobile film projection is now giving way to projection at permanent indoor venues, and the number of films to be ordered for purchase exceeds 3,000. The rural library project covers all administrative villages, and a long-term mechanism for regular publication updates is taking shape. The building of digital libraries is also accelerating. In 2014 the central government made use of special lottery funds for the building of 3,600 children's cultural centers for rural schools, up by 80 percent over the previous year. During the period of the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015) the central government provided 3.385 billion yuan of special lottery funds to build and encouraged local governments to build more than 25,000 children's cultural centers for rural schools. According to the sixth national sports venue census at the end of 2013, China had more than 1.695 million sports venues, with a total area of 1.99 billion sq m. In 2014 China's cultural attractions and scenic spots received a total of 1.4 billion visitors, generating an income of 250 billion yuan and providing employment for more than one million people. |
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