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前言	Preface
原子的發(fā)現(xiàn)和核能的開發(fā)利用給人類社會發(fā)展帶來新的動力，極大增強人類認識世界和改造世界的能力。核能發(fā)展伴隨著核安全風(fēng)險和挑戰(zhàn)。人類要更好利用核能、實現(xiàn)更大發(fā)展，必須創(chuàng)新核技術(shù)、確保核安全、做好核應(yīng)急。核安全是核能事業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的生命線，核應(yīng)急是核能事業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的重要保障。	The discovery of the atom and the subsequent development and utilization of nuclear energy gave a new impetus to the progress of humanity and greatly enhanced mankind's ability to understand and shape the world. Yet, the development of nuclear energy has associated risks and challenges. For mankind to better utilize nuclear energy and achieve even greater progress, it is necessary to make innovations in nuclear technologies, ensure nuclear safety and do well in nuclear emergency preparedness. While nuclear safety constitutes a lifeline for the sustained and healthy development of nuclear energy, nuclear emergency preparedness serves as an important safeguard for its sustained and healthy development.
核應(yīng)急是為了控制核事故、緩解核事故、減輕核事故后果而采取的不同于正常秩序和正常工作程序的緊急行為，是政府主導(dǎo)、企業(yè)配合、各方協(xié)同、統(tǒng)一開展的應(yīng)急行動。核應(yīng)急事關(guān)重大、涉及全局，對于保護公眾、保護環(huán)境、保障社會穩(wěn)定、維護國家安全具有重要意義。	Nuclear emergency preparedness denotes the emergency actions taken to control, contain and mitigate a nuclear accident, and to minimize the consequences of such accidents, which are different from the normal order and working procedure. They are emergency response actions guided by the government, assisted by the relevant enterprises, coordinated among all the involved parties and implemented in a unified manner. Nuclear emergency preparedness is of paramount importance and bears on the overall situation, and is therefore of critical significance to the protection of the general public, the environment and social stability as well as safeguarding national security.
中國始終把核安全放在和平利用核能事業(yè)首要位置，堅持總體國家安全觀，倡導(dǎo)理性、協(xié)調(diào)、并進的核安全觀，秉持為發(fā)展求安全、以安全促發(fā)展的理念，始終追求發(fā)展和安全兩個目標有機融合。半個多世紀以來，中國人民奮發(fā)圖強、歷盡艱辛，創(chuàng)建發(fā)展核能事業(yè)并取得輝煌成就。同時，不斷改進核安全技術(shù)，實施嚴格的核安全監(jiān)管，加強核應(yīng)急管理，核能事業(yè)始終保持良好安全記錄。	China has consistently given top priority to nuclear safety in its peaceful use of nuclear energy, and has persisted in an overall national security concept by advocating a rational, coordinated and balanced nuclear safety outlook. China has followed the approach of enhancing safety for the sake of development and promoting development by upholding safety in an unrelenting effort to bring the dual goals of development and safety in alignment with each other. In the past six decades or so, the Chinese people have been working with stamina and diligence in the pursuit of nuclear energy utilization, with splendid achievements. At the same time, the Chinese people have been sparing no effort to improve nuclear safety techniques, enforce rigorous nuclear safety supervision, strengthen nuclear emergency management and ensure that nuclear energy has always maintained a sound safety record.
核事故影響無國界，核應(yīng)急管理無小事。總結(jié)三哩島核事故、切爾諾貝利核事故、福島核事故的教訓(xùn)，中國更加深刻認識到核應(yīng)急的極端重要性，持續(xù)加強和改進核應(yīng)急準備與響應(yīng)工作，不斷提升中國核安全保障水平。中國在核應(yīng)急法律法規(guī)標準建設(shè)、體制機制建設(shè)、基礎(chǔ)能力建設(shè)、專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)、演習(xí)演練、公眾溝通、國際合作與交流等方面取得巨大進步，既為自身核能事業(yè)發(fā)展提供堅強保障，也為推動建立公平、開放、合作、共贏的國際核安全應(yīng)急體系，促進人類共享核能發(fā)展成果作出積極貢獻。	Nuclear accidents know no national boundaries, and everything related to nuclear emergency management is too important to be taken lightly. Drawing on the lessons learned from the Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents, China has come to a profound understanding of the utmost importance of nuclear emergencies, and the need to continuously strengthen and improve nuclear emergency preparedness and responses with a view to constantly enhancing the nuclear safety safeguard level. China has made great strides in a full range of nuclear emergency-related activities, including the enactment of regulations, codes and standards, the establishment of institutional and regulatory regimes, the building-up of basic capabilities, the fostering of professional personnel, related exercises and drills, public communication, and international cooperation and exchanges. This has not only provided a robust safeguard for China's own nuclear energy development, but also contributed actively to the promotion of a fair, open, collaborative and mutually beneficial international nuclear safety emergency framework and mankind's sharing of nuclear energy development achievements.
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