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二、核應(yīng)急方針政策	II. Guidelines and Policies for Nuclear Emergency Preparedness
中國(guó)是發(fā)展中大國(guó)，在發(fā)展核能進(jìn)程中，通過(guò)制定法律、行政法規(guī)和發(fā)布政令等方式，確定核應(yīng)急基本方針政策。	As a large developing country, China has laid down basic guidelines and policies applicable to nuclear emergency preparedness through enactment of laws, administrative regulations and issuance of government decrees in the course of nuclear energy development.
中國(guó)核應(yīng)急基本目標(biāo)是：依法科學(xué)統(tǒng)一、及時(shí)有效應(yīng)對(duì)處置核事故，最大程度控制、緩解或消除事故，減輕事故造成的人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失，保護(hù)公眾，保護(hù)環(huán)境，維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序，保障人民安全和國(guó)家安全。	The basic objectives of nuclear emergency preparedness in China are: scientific coordination according to law, timely and effectively coping with nuclear accidents, maximally controlling/mitigating or eliminating accidents, minimizing human casualties/fatalities and property damages, protecting the public and the environment, maintaining social order and safeguarding the people's safety and national security.
中國(guó)核應(yīng)急基本方針是：常備不懈、積極兼容，統(tǒng)一指揮、大力協(xié)同，保護(hù)公眾、保護(hù)環(huán)境。	The basic policy of nuclear emergency management in China is: constant vigilance, versatile compatibility, unified command, active coordination, public safeguard and environmental protection.
——常備不懈、積極兼容。各級(jí)核應(yīng)急組織以“養(yǎng)兵千日，用兵一時(shí)”的態(tài)度，充分準(zhǔn)備，隨時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)可能發(fā)生的核事故。建立健全專兼配合、資源整合、平戰(zhàn)結(jié)合、軍民融合的核應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備與響應(yīng)體系。核應(yīng)急與其他工作統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃、統(tǒng)籌部署、兼容實(shí)施。	-- Constant vigilance, versatile compatibility. Nuclear emergency organizations at all levels should stay alert and vigilant at all times in readiness to respond to possible nuclear accidents at any time. A nuclear emergency preparation and response system featuring coordination of dedicated and standby systems, rational deployment of resources, combination of routine exercises and actual emergency response, and integration of civilian and military resources is to be established and perfected. Nuclear emergency work must be planned and deployed in an overall manner together with other activities and implemented compatibly with them.
——統(tǒng)一指揮、大力協(xié)同。核設(shè)施營(yíng)運(yùn)單位統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)指揮場(chǎng)內(nèi)核事故應(yīng)急響應(yīng)行動(dòng)，各級(jí)政府統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)指揮本級(jí)管轄區(qū)域內(nèi)核事故應(yīng)急響應(yīng)行動(dòng)。在政府統(tǒng)一組織指揮下，核應(yīng)急組織、相關(guān)部門(mén)、相關(guān)企業(yè)、專業(yè)力量、社會(huì)組織以及軍隊(duì)救援力量等協(xié)同配合，共同完成核事故應(yīng)急響應(yīng)行動(dòng)。	-- Unified command, active coordination. Operators of nuclear installations shall coordinate and direct on-site nuclear accident emergency response actions in a unified manner, and governments at all levels shall coordinate and direct nuclear accident emergency response actions within their respective jurisdictions in a unified manner. Under the unified organization and direction of the government, nuclear emergency organizations, relevant departments, relevant enterprises, professional teams, social organizations and military rescue units shall work in coordination with one another in a joint effort to complete nuclear accident emergency response actions.
——保護(hù)公眾、保護(hù)環(huán)境。把保護(hù)公眾作為核應(yīng)急的根本宗旨，以一切為了人民的態(tài)度和行動(dòng)應(yīng)對(duì)處置核事故。把保護(hù)環(huán)境作為核應(yīng)急的根本要求，盡可能把核事故造成的放射性物質(zhì)釋放降到最小，最大程度控制、減輕或消除對(duì)環(huán)境的危害。	-- Public safeguard and environmental protection. Public safeguard constitutes the fundamental objective of nuclear emergency preparedness, and it is incumbent upon us to take the attitude and actions that everything is for the people in coping with nuclear accidents. Environmental protection should be viewed as the fundamental requirement of nuclear emergency preparedness in such a way that every effort is made to minimize the release of radioactive substances and do our best to control, mitigate and eliminate damages to the environment.
中國(guó)核應(yīng)急基本原則是：統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、分級(jí)負(fù)責(zé)，條塊結(jié)合、軍地協(xié)同，快速反應(yīng)、科學(xué)處置。	The basic principles underlying nuclear emergency preparedness in China are: unified leadership, different levels of responsibility, tiered arrangements, coordination between the locality and the military, quick response, and scientific handling.
——統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、分級(jí)負(fù)責(zé)。在中央政府統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國(guó)建立分級(jí)負(fù)責(zé)的核應(yīng)急管理體系。核設(shè)施營(yíng)運(yùn)單位是核事故場(chǎng)內(nèi)應(yīng)急工作責(zé)任主體。省級(jí)人民政府是本行政區(qū)域核事故場(chǎng)外應(yīng)急工作責(zé)任主體。	-- Unified leadership, different levels of responsibility. Under the unified leadership of the central government, China has established a nuclear emergency management system featuring assignment of responsibility to different levels. The operator of the relevant nuclear installation is the major body of accountability for on-site emergency work. The people's government at the provincial level is the major body of accountability for off-site emergency activities in its jurisdiction.
——條塊結(jié)合、軍地協(xié)同。核應(yīng)急涉及中央與地方、軍隊(duì)與政府、場(chǎng)內(nèi)與場(chǎng)外、專業(yè)技術(shù)與社會(huì)管理等方面，必須堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)籌兼顧、相互配合、大力協(xié)同、綜合施救。	-- Tiered arrangements, coordination between the locality and the military. Nuclear emergency involves the central and the local, the military and the government, on-site and off-site, specialized techniques and social administration. Therefore, it is necessary to uphold the principles of uniform deployment and centralized planning, mutual support, mutual coordination, and comprehensive rescue at all times.
——快速反應(yīng)、科學(xué)處置。核事故發(fā)生后，各級(jí)核應(yīng)急組織及早介入，迅速控制緩解事故，減輕對(duì)公眾和環(huán)境的影響。遵循應(yīng)對(duì)處置核事故特點(diǎn)規(guī)律，組織開(kāi)展分析研判，科學(xué)決策，有效實(shí)施輻射監(jiān)測(cè)、工程搶險(xiǎn)、去污洗消、輻射防護(hù)、醫(yī)學(xué)救援等響應(yīng)行動(dòng)。	-- Quick response, scientific handling. When a nuclear accident occurs, all levels of nuclear emergency organizations shall be mobilized at the earliest possible time to rapidly control and mitigate the accident to minimize any impact on the public and the environment. Every effort shall be made to take into account the characteristics and rules applicable to nuclear accidents as the basis for organizing studies and evaluations to enable scientific decision-making, and enforce a full range of response actions in an effective manner, including radiation monitoring, worksite rescue, decontamination and cleansing, radiation protection and medical treatment, and so forth.
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