| Production is at bottom of the food chain in the modern division of labor. Globalization allows multinationals to focus on product development and marketing while outsourcing the messy business of making things to contract manufacturers in the developing world. |
在現(xiàn)代分工中，制造業(yè)位于“食物鏈”的最底端。全球化使得跨國公司得以專注于產(chǎn)品開發(fā)和市場拓展，而把產(chǎn)品制造這一環(huán)節(jié)外包給發(fā)展中國家。 |
| Your Hewlett Packard computer may have been manufactured in the same factory as your friend's Fujitsu. Quite likely the factory is in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong and owned by a Taiwan, Hong Kong or South Korean company. The workers are probably recent migrants from the countryside and the majority will be women living in factory dormitories. |
也許，你用的惠普電腦和你朋友的富士通筆記本都是由一家工廠生產(chǎn)的，而這家工廠很可能是一個臺灣、香港或是韓國老板在中國南方的廣東開設的。工人則可能剛剛離開農(nóng)村來到這里，大部分是女工，她們住在工廠的宿舍。 |
| Off-shoring is controversial. Unions in developed countries protest job losses and pressure groups accuse multinationals of exploiting third world workforces. Labor rights controversies have helped create a massive Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) industry as companies answer critics of their ever more convoluted supply chains. |
離岸生產(chǎn)存在爭議。發(fā)達國家的工會組織認為這樣導致了本國的失業(yè)，游說集團則指責跨國公司壓榨第三世界的勞動力?？鐕驹诨負敉饨缗u他們的供應鏈日趨復雜的同時，也催生了一個龐大的企業(yè)社會責任產(chǎn)業(yè)。 |
| Critics see CSR programs as window dressing – a subset of public relations and advertising. CSR practitioners on the other hand, are almost by definition masters of spin and presentation. It is difficult to find a balanced view. |
批評者認為企業(yè)社會責任項目只是擺設而已，是公共關系和宣傳的輔助工具。另一方面，企業(yè)社會責任從業(yè)者就定義而言幾乎就是操縱語言和自我展示的大師。找到一個平衡的觀點的確很難。 |
| But a small but growing group of labor activists operating on China's mainland, some based in Hong Kong, have moved beyond criticism to action and are using CSR programs as a lever to improve working conditions and, increasingly, to raise workers' awareness of their rights. |
然而，一個由勞動權(quán)益倡導者組成的小團體在中國大陸逐漸壯大，其中一些人來自香港。這個團體已經(jīng)從口誅筆伐轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)嶋H行動，把企業(yè)社會責任項目作為改善工作條件的施壓手段和逐步提高勞動者權(quán)益意識的工具。 |
| Jenny Chan of SACOM (Students and Scholars against Corporate Misbehavior), a Hong Kong-based pressure group, is celebrating what she sees as a significant victory. Over the past year, two major contract manufacturers in the Guangdong city of Dongguan have invited radical Hong Kong-based NGOs to conduct innovative training courses on workers rights including coaching workers in how to raise grievances with management. |
Jenny Chan是一個來自香港的游說團體大學師生監(jiān)察無良企業(yè)行動（SACOM）的成員。她為自己所取得的重大勝利感到由衷的高興。在過去一年，東莞的兩家大型代工工廠邀請激進的香港非政府組織開展勞動者權(quán)益培訓，包括教育工人如何表達對管理的不滿。 |
| "This is a new worker-centered model of Corporate Social Responsibility, which involves joint monitoring of conditions in the workplace through empowerment of the workers themselves," says Chan. |
Chan說，這是一種新型的以工人為中心的企業(yè)社會責任模型，涵蓋通過賦予工人權(quán)利來共同監(jiān)督工作條件。 |
| At Taiwan-owned Delta Electronics, the Hong Kong-based Labor Education and Service Network (LESN) provided labor rights training to more than 1,500 workers between March and June 2009. Each worker was given a booklet explaining China's labor laws and the Electronics Industry Code of Conduct – an international standard adhered to by many employers in the industry. |
在一家叫Delta的臺資電子公司，來自香港的勞動教育和服務網(wǎng)絡(LESN)于今年3月至6月期間為1500多名工人提供勞動者權(quán)益培訓。培訓人員把一本小冊子交到每名員工手里，里面闡釋了中國勞動法，并介紹了為眾多電子行業(yè)雇主所遵守的國際產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)范。 |
![Dongguan's central business district shows off its bright lights. Dongguan, which has a population of 7 million and is 100 kilometers from Hong Kong, owes much of its prosperity to contract manufacturing for major brands and multinationals. [File photo]](http://images.china.cn/attachement/jpg/site1007/20091029/0011432100f50c53b75e0a.jpg "Dongguan's central business district shows off its bright lights. Dongguan, which has a population of 7 million and is 100 kilometers from Hong Kong, owes much of its prosperity to contract manufacturing for major brands and multinationals. [File photo]")
