《中國(guó)的能源政策（2012）》白皮書(shū)
White Paper: China's Energy Policy 2012
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調(diào)整字號(hào)大小: 
| 三、全面推進(jìn)能源節(jié)約 | III. All-round Promotion of Energy Conservation |
| 中國(guó)人口眾多、資源相對(duì)不足，要實(shí)現(xiàn)能源資源永續(xù)利用和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，必須走節(jié)約能源的道路。 | China is a country with a large population but relevant deficiency in resources. To attain sustainable use of energy resources and sustainable economic and social development, it must take the path of conserving energy. |
| 中國(guó)始終把節(jié)約能源放在優(yōu)先位置。早在20世紀(jì)80年代初，國(guó)家就提出了“開(kāi)發(fā)與節(jié)約并舉，把節(jié)約放在首位”的發(fā)展方針。2006年，中國(guó)政府發(fā)布《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)節(jié)能工作的決定》。2007年，發(fā)布《節(jié)能減排綜合性工作方案》，全面部署了工業(yè)、建筑、交通等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域節(jié)能工作。實(shí)施“十大節(jié)能工程”，推動(dòng)燃煤工業(yè)鍋爐(窯爐)改造、余熱余壓利用、電機(jī)系統(tǒng)節(jié)能、建筑節(jié)能、綠色照明、政府機(jī)構(gòu)節(jié)能，形成3.4億噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤的節(jié)能能力。開(kāi)展“千家企業(yè)節(jié)能行動(dòng)”，重點(diǎn)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)綜合能耗等指標(biāo)大幅下降，節(jié)約能源1.5億噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤。“十一五”期間，單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降19.1%。 | China always puts energy conservation in the first place. In the early 1980s, it put forward the development policy of "stressing both development and saving, with priority given to saving." The Chinese government issued the Decision of the State Council on Strengthening Energy Conservation in 2006. It issued the Comprehensive Work Plan on Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in 2007, making an all-round plan for the major sectors of energy consumption, such as industry, construction and transportation. China carried out ten key energy-conservation projects, including the innovation of coal-fueled industrial boilers (kilns), surplus heat and pressure utilization, energy saving in electrical motors, construction of energy-saving buildings, the green lighting project, and energy saving in government bodies, thus increasing its energy-conservation capacity to 340 million tons of standard coal. The Chinese government launched an energy conservation drive among 1,000 enterprises, resulting in a sharp decline in the comprehensive energy consumption index of key industries, and saving energy equivalent to 150 million tons of standard coal. China's energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped 19.1 percent during its 11th Five-Year Plan period (2006-2010). |
| 2011年，中國(guó)發(fā)布了《“十二五”節(jié)能減排綜合性工作方案》，提出“十二五”期間節(jié)能減排的主要目標(biāo)和重點(diǎn)工作，把降低能源強(qiáng)度、減少主要污染物排放總量、合理控制能源消費(fèi)總量工作有機(jī)結(jié)合起來(lái)，形成“倒逼機(jī)制”，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整，優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和布局，強(qiáng)化工業(yè)、建筑、交通運(yùn)輸、公共機(jī)構(gòu)以及城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)和消費(fèi)領(lǐng)域用能管理，全面建設(shè)資源節(jié)約型和環(huán)境友好型社會(huì)。 | In 2011, the State Council released the Comprehensive Work Plan on Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period. This plan proposed the major objectives and key actions in the fields of energy conservation and emission reduction during this period. China aims to establish a "reverse coercion mechanism" through the dynamic integration of its efforts in lowering the intensity of energy consumption, reducing the total emissions of major pollutants, and rationally controlling total energy consumption. The "reverse coercion mechanism" helps promote the strategic restructuring of the economy, push forward the optimization of the industrial structure, and strengthen all aspects of energy utilization management in industry, construction, transportation, and public organizations, as well as in the fields of urban and rural construction and consumption, thus contributing to the building of a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society. |
| ——優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。中國(guó)堅(jiān)持把調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)作為節(jié)約能源的戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)。嚴(yán)格控制低水平重復(fù)建設(shè)，加速淘汰高耗能、高排放落后產(chǎn)能。加快運(yùn)用先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)改造提升傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)。提高加工貿(mào)易準(zhǔn)入門(mén)檻，促進(jìn)加工貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)。改善外貿(mào)結(jié)構(gòu)，推動(dòng)外貿(mào)發(fā)展從能源和勞動(dòng)力密集型向資金和技術(shù)密集型轉(zhuǎn)變。推動(dòng)服務(wù)業(yè)大發(fā)展。培育發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，加快形成先導(dǎo)性、支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)。 | -- Optimization of the industrial structure. The country puts the adjustment of the industrial structure in the key place of its energy conservation strategy. It exercises strict control over low-level duplicated construction, and eliminates industries with high consumption and high pollutant emission, and backward productivity. China expedites the transformation of its traditional industries with advanced and applicable technology. It raises the entry threshold for processing trade, and promotes its transformation and upgrading. It improves the structure of foreign trade, and transforms its energy- and labor-intensive development mode into a capital- and technology-intensive one. It pushes forward the development of the service trades, fosters and develops emerging industries of strategic importance, and speeds up the formation of pioneer and pillar industries. |
| ——加強(qiáng)工業(yè)節(jié)能。工業(yè)用能占到中國(guó)能源消費(fèi)的70%以上，工業(yè)是節(jié)約能源的重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域。國(guó)家制定鋼鐵、石化、有色、建材等重點(diǎn)行業(yè)節(jié)能減排先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)目錄，淘汰落后的工藝、裝備和產(chǎn)品，發(fā)展節(jié)能型、高附加值的產(chǎn)品和裝備。建立完善重點(diǎn)行業(yè)單位產(chǎn)品能耗限額強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系，強(qiáng)化節(jié)能評(píng)估審查制度。組織實(shí)施熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)、工業(yè)副產(chǎn)煤氣回收利用、企業(yè)能源管控中心建設(shè)、節(jié)能產(chǎn)業(yè)培育等重點(diǎn)節(jié)能工程，提升企業(yè)能源利用效率。 | -- Strengthening energy conservation in industry. With its energy consumption taking up about 70 percent of China's total, industry is the major energy consumer in China. The state has drawn up catalog of advanced and applicable technologies in the fields of energy conservation and emission reduction for key industries such as iron and steel, petrochemicals, non-ferrous metals and building materials, for the purpose of eliminating backward technology, equipment and products, and developing energy-saving and high-value-added products and equipment. It has established and improved a mandatory standards system of quotas for energy consumption per-unit product in key industries, and strengthened the energy-saving evaluation and supervision system. It has undertaken key energy-saving projects, including simultaneous generation of heat and power, recycling of industrial by-product gas, construction of enterprise energy-control centers, and fostering of energy-saving industries, so as to increase its enterprises' energy utilization efficiency. |
| ——實(shí)施建筑節(jié)能。國(guó)家大力發(fā)展綠色建筑，全面推進(jìn)建筑節(jié)能。建立健全綠色建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，推行綠色建筑評(píng)級(jí)與標(biāo)識(shí)。推進(jìn)既有建筑節(jié)能改造，實(shí)行公共建筑能耗限額和能效公示制度，建立建筑使用全壽命周期管理制度，嚴(yán)格建筑拆除管理。制定和實(shí)施公共機(jī)構(gòu)節(jié)能規(guī)劃，加強(qiáng)公共建筑節(jié)能監(jiān)管體系建設(shè)。推進(jìn)北方采暖地區(qū)既有建筑供熱計(jì)量和節(jié)能改造，實(shí)施“節(jié)能暖房”工程，改造供熱老舊管網(wǎng)，實(shí)行供熱計(jì)量收費(fèi)和能耗定額管理。 | -- Promoting building energy conservation. China makes vigorous efforts to construct green buildings and comprehensively advance energy conservation in buildings. It sets and improves the standards for green buildings, and implements rating and identification of green buildings. It actively promotes energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, and sets quotas for energy consumption by public buildings and publicizes their energy efficiency rates. It has set up a management system for the life cycles of buildings, and exercises strict control over demolition of buildings. China has also made and implemented an energy-saving plan for public institutions, and strengthened the establishment of a supervisory system for energy conservation in public buildings. It carries forward heat metering and energy efficiency renovations on existing residential heating systems in the northern regions of China, builds energy-saving greenhouses, improves the old heat-supply network, and practices metered heat-supply charging and energy consumption quota management. |
| ——推進(jìn)交通節(jié)能。全面推行公交優(yōu)先發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，積極推進(jìn)城際軌道交通建設(shè)，合理引導(dǎo)綠色出行。實(shí)施世界先進(jìn)水平的汽車(chē)燃料油耗量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，推廣應(yīng)用節(jié)能環(huán)保型交通工具。加速淘汰老舊汽車(chē)、機(jī)車(chē)、船舶。優(yōu)化交通運(yùn)輸結(jié)構(gòu)，大力發(fā)展綠色物流。提高鐵路電氣化比重，開(kāi)展機(jī)場(chǎng)、碼頭、車(chē)站節(jié)能改造。積極推進(jìn)新能源汽車(chē)研發(fā)與應(yīng)用，科學(xué)規(guī)劃和建設(shè)加氣、充電等配套設(shè)施。 | -- Pushing forward energy conservation in transportation. China continues to give priority to public transport, actively develops intercity rail transportation, and rationally encourages green commuting. China implements the fuel economy standard of the world's advanced level for automobiles, and popularizes energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles. It speeds up the elimination of old automobiles, locomotives and ships. Vigorous efforts are made to optimize the transportation structure and develop green logistics. China increases the electrification rate in rail transportation, and launches energy-saving renovations at airports, piers and railway stations. It actively develops and popularizes new energy vehicles, and makes scientific plans for the construction of supporting facilities, including compressed natural gas filling and electricity charging facilities. |
| ——倡導(dǎo)全民節(jié)能。加大節(jié)能教育與宣傳，鼓勵(lì)引導(dǎo)城鄉(xiāng)居民形成綠色消費(fèi)模式和生活方式，增強(qiáng)全民節(jié)約意識(shí)。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行公共機(jī)構(gòu)節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范，發(fā)揮政府機(jī)關(guān)示范帶頭作用。動(dòng)員社會(huì)各界廣泛參與，積極開(kāi)展小區(qū)、學(xué)校、政府機(jī)關(guān)、軍營(yíng)和企業(yè)的節(jié)能行動(dòng)，努力建立全社會(huì)節(jié)能的長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制。推廣農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村節(jié)能減排，推進(jìn)節(jié)能型住宅建設(shè)。 | -- Promoting energy conservation among all citizens. The Chinese government will intensify efforts in energy-saving education and publicity. It works hard to bring into being a green mode of consumption and green lifestyle among urban and rural residents, and strengthens the public awareness of the importance of resource conservation. It strictly enforces the energy-saving standards of public institutions, and gives full play to the demonstration and leading role of government organs in energy conservation. It mobilizes all sectors of society to participate in energy conservation by conducting relevant activities in residential areas, schools, government organs, the armed forces and enterprises. All these measures help build a long-term mechanism of energy conservation with the participation of all sectors of society. Attention is also paid to energy conservation and emission reduction in rural areas, such as the construction of energy-saving houses. |
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